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Ani. The superior of the writers and a priest of Ptah, in the XIXth dynasty. (1876= c1) |
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Ani. A priestess of Isis, and the mother of Khemmes,= a royal scribe of Rameses III. (1876c1) |
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Ani. A royal scribe, principal Heb, and chief of the temple of (Osiris ?) in the reign of an unnamed king of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1) |
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Ani. A prince of Kush, and state officer, under |
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Ani. The ancient Egyptian name of the city of |
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Ani. "Sea."
The Egyptian name of the twentieth or Arabian nome of |
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An Egyptian functionary whose Shabti =
or
votive mummy figure is in the |
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The son of Tetenhor=
span>.
He was a priest of the deity Anhur. Period
uncertain, but subsequent to the XIXth dynast=
y.
(1876c1) |
|
Animals, Hybrid. In ancient and medieval art we find
represented certain animals which are a combination of different species,
such as centaurs (horses with their upper part human), sphinxes (lions wi=
th
human faces), &c. ILLUS. animalsh (1891a1)
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Animals, Hybrid. This name is given to
pictured animals composed of two different species: they abound in ancient
and mediaeval works of Art; in the former, combinations of the human with=
the
animal form * are more frequ=
ent
than combinations of different animals; thus, we find centaurs, satyrs,
tritons, and winged figures; in these the human form ever appears the nob=
ler,
nor were the animal forms rendered more bestial, but rather more human. A=
mong
the Egyptians, the animal form was conceived with more depth and liveline=
ss
than that of man; from the first the Egyptians were impelled to an admiri=
ng
observation of the former, by a natural tendency, as their religion prove=
s;
their combination, too, of various animal figures are often very happy, b=
ut often
indeed in the highest degree fantastical and bizarre. They produced sphin=
xes
(lions with human heads), lion-hawks, serpent-vultures, and serpents with
human legs, all of which are symbolical. While the Greeks for the moat pa=
rt
retained the human head in such compositions, the Egyptians sacrificed it
first. By extension of the term, HYBRID ANIMALS is applied to the fantast=
ic
animals so common in architectural buildings of the middle ages, especial=
ly
in the twelfth century. Sometimes we see the human head upon the body of a
bird, of a quadruped, or a dragon; the head of a goat upon the body of a
horse; doves, of which the body terminates in the tail of a serpent; eagl=
es
with the tails of dragons. We must not look for a symbolical meaning in a=
ll
these figures, although it is difficult not to recog=
nise
a hidden meaning in most of them; they appear to embody the popular faith=
of
the time as EMBLEMS; frequently they were but the freaks of fancy of the
sculptor-masons of those times. When we meet the same figures in different
countries, they appear to be copied from each other. FIGURE * =
Our cut
represents a Nymph riding on the back of a monster which combines the for=
ms
of beast and serpent, with fanciful adjuncts. It is copied from a Grecian
painting on the walls at
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Animal Painting. Some artists have so excelled in the representations of animals, that their pictures form a distinct class. Th= ese are usually of large dimensions, and the subjects are principally those of the chase; thus, we have boar-hunts, lion-hunts, deer-hunts, usually pain= ted with the view of adorning hunting-seats, baronial halls, &c. The anim= als are exhibited in all the wild energies of life, or dead, as trophies. The= greatest masters in this class of painting are the friend of Rubens, F. Snyders; J= . Weenix, M. Hindekoeter, C. Rutharts, P. Caulitz, J. E. Ridinger, and Lilienberg. Another set of painters who have delighted to depict animals as they appe= ar in the shambles or the kitchen, are, in fact, meat-painters; surrounded with the utensils of the kitchen and other consonant paraphernalia, they exhibit great pains-taking in their execution, but their excellence is chiefly mechanical. Among great painte= rs of this class it is sufficient to name Lansaech. Of painters of fish the = most famous are Gills and Adrienusen. "The mastery of the ancients in the representation of the nobler animals arose from their fine sense of characteristic forms. The horse was immediately connected with the human = form in Greek statues of victors, and Roman equestrian statues; there are anim= als of this description (dogs) of distinguished beauty; as well as bulls, wol= ves, rams, boars, lions, and panthers, in which sometimes the forms of these animals are as greatly developed as the human forms in gods and horses. T= o represent powerfully-designed wild animals, especially fighting with one another, w= as one of the first efforts of early Greek Art." * * = Muller's Ancient Art and its Remains.(= 1855f1) |
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Animals, Sacred. The system of Zoolatria, or animal worship, was said to have been introduced into Egypt by King Kekau of the IInd dynasty; and the chief of the sacred animals and reptiles which were adored either as incarnations of, or servants of, the various deities, we= re -
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Animals, Symbolic. (Arch.) Symbolic animals are those
fantastic monsters with which the surface of walls was covered both in
ancient times and in the Middle Ages. Examples of them exist in the |
$H Animal Symbols.
|
Animal Symbols. Both in ancient and in
mediaeval Art, animals have been extensively employed as SYMBOLS, in whic=
h certain
peculiarities of the animals depicted are taken as a means of embodying m=
oral
sentiments, religious ideas, &c. Not only the animal, in its simple, =
perfect
state was so employed, but combinations of various animals in one, hybrid
animals, and of the human form with the animal, abounded from the earliest
times. They are made familiar to us in the remains of Egyptian Art, in the
recently discovered sculptures at **=
See
cuts to AGNUS DEI and TRINITTT for other examples. (1855f1) |
|
Animation. (Paint.) Certain of vivacity, quickness of imagin=
ation,
and execution which a skilful artist can put into his work. Thus we speak=
of
a painter having more skill than animation. (1891a1) |
|
Animation,
Animated. A term applied to a figure in sculpture or painting, when it
exhibits a sort of momentary activity in its motions; it is also used fig=
uratively,
when a statue or painting is executed with such vigour and truth that it
appears full of life, or animated=
. (1855f1) |
|
Anime. Anime is a resinous gum which is mixed with copal varnis=
h to
make it dry quicker. (1891a1) |
|
Anime. Gum anime is =
a resin,
which is mixed with copal in making varnish, causing it to dry quickly and
firmly. (1883m1) |
|
Anime, Gum=
. Gum
anime is a resin imported from |
|
One of the Italian l=
iterary
academies. Their device was "stags passing a river, resting on the h=
eads
of each other." Motto, "Dant animos vices." (Mutual help gives strength.)
(1883m1) |
|
Another form of the name of the goddess Hathor, or A= thor, "The Lady of Horns." (1876c1) |
|
A form of
the goddess Hathor, wife of the Theban god Mentu. A text at Dendera speak=
s of
her as mother of Horus. ILLUS. Anit. (1902b1)
|
$H Aniu.
|
One of the mystical deities of the Egyptian
Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1) |
$H Anka.
|
A minor Egyptian goddess. She was the wife=
of Khnum the creating spirit, and was the Anucis of the Greek writers. (1876c1) |
$H Ankaf.
|
An early Egyptian city, the site of which =
is
not known. Itwas sacred to the goddess Nushem. (1876c1) |
$H Ankarama. A daughter of $H Ankh.
|
Ra-sha-a-kheper-s-nab=
.
Surnamed Ankh. [See Ra-sha-a-kheper-s-nab - E=
ditor] |
|
Ankh. The overseer of the cars of the |
|
Ankh. The overseer of the chariot stables =
of Amenemha III. of the |
|
See AMULETS.
(1902b1) |
|
Ankh. "Life." The name given by the Egyptians to the emblem in the form of=
a
handled cross, somewhat resembling the Tau or=
St.
Anthony's cross. The cause of its significance is unknown, but as an embl=
em
of life it is always borne in the hands of the gods, and symbolically lai=
d on
the lips of the mummy to revive it, or poured over the king at his mystic=
al
baptism. As an hieroglyphic, it is simply the
determinative of all things relating to the ear. It is the most common of=
all
the Egyptian symbols. (1876c1) |
|
The formula with which most Egyptian royal
documents were concluded. It was analogous to the "Vivat
Rex" of the Latins. (1876c1) |
|
A peculiar sacred flower in the Egyptian
mythology. It was probably the lotus. (1876c1) |
|
A royal scribe in the court of Rameses II. of the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian lady, the mother of Osirtesen-pepa, or Topareh, of
the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
The wife of Sekherta<=
/span>
an Egyptian "functionary of the interior," in the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
The wife of King Tutankhamen, one of the l=
ast
monarchs of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
A daughter of Amenhot=
ep
IV. of the XVIIIth
dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
A priest and spondist=
of Amen Ra, in the XVIIIth dynasty. His outer
sarcophagus is in the |
|
A priest of Pthah of
Memphis, and of the King Snefru, who was there
adored as a deity. He was the son of Horimhotep and
the lady Satbou. The period when he lived is
unknown. (1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian priest, the son of Aairiaa. The period when he lived is uncertain. (18=
76c1) |
|
A priest of Apis,
the son of Imhotep. He lived in the Ptolemaic=
and
Roman period. (1876c1) |
|
Ankhhapi<=
/span>. "The Livi=
ng Apis." A
musician of Osiris, in the first century A.D.=
His
coffin and mummy are in the |
|
A prophet or priest of the |
|
An Egyptian lady, the mother of Psametek priest of Pthah, and
the deity Nefer Atum.
(1876c1) |
|
A priest of the bull god Apis. Period uncertain. (18= 76c1) |
|
A priest of Apis. He was the son of Paduenra. His pe= riod is not precisely known. (1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian priest and prophet of the god Month. He =
was
the son of Hor and the lady Samonth. Period uncertain. His double sarcoph=
agus
and mummy are in the |
|
Ankhhor "The Living Horus." One of the rebellious chiefs of |
|
Mer-ka-neshu. Or
Ankh-hor. One of the thirteen petty kings of |
|
A daughter of |
|
An Egyptian princess, the daughter of Psametik II. She married the usurper Aahmes,
who treated her with much consideration and honoured=
her as the chief of his wives. (1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian gentleman, whose votive statue=
is
in the |
|
The father of the priest and overseer of A=
men,
Einamen-nefriboni, which see. (1876c1) |
|
The father of Paseenp=
thah,
a priest of Apis, in the reign of Sheshank IV. of the XXIInd dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
The granddaughter of |
|
Se=
e Ankhnas.
(1876c1) |
|
A lady of the blood royal of Panki, or Piankhi, an o=
bscure
king of the XXIVth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian functionary, the son of the ma=
ster
Djobbons, and the lady T=
ikar.
A figure of Horus, dedicated by him to that
divinity, is in the |
|
Ankhta. "City of |
|
An Egyptian lady, the mother of the great officer Samtatitafnekht, which see. (1876c1)<= o:p> |
|
The chief of the choristers of the goddess=
Maut, in the reign of an unnamed monarch of the |
|
The keeper of the great barge of the god <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Pthah-Sokari-Osiris. His period is unknown, except =
that
it was after the XIIth and before the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
Anklets Gr. (See PERISCELIS.) (1883m1) |
|
Anklet. =
span>A gold orn=
ament
worn by the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans just arm. ILLUS. anklet (1891a1)
|
|
Anklet. An
ornament of gold, or other metal, worn by the women of the Eastern nation=
s,
the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, on the legs, above the ankle, in the s=
ame
manner as the bracelet adorns the arm. They are very frequently depicted =
in
works of Art. The first example in our cut is copied from an Egyptian, the
second from a Greek, painting; another specimen occurs in page 28, as wor=
n by
the Nymph who rides the Hybrid Animal. FIGURE(1855f1)
|
|
The name of the sixth, of the seven mystic=
al
Halls of Osiris, in the Ritual of the Dead.
(1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian lady, the second wife of Uah a private gentleman and father of Senbu
priest of Osiris. See Senbu. (1876c1) |
|
The Egyptian name of a country in |
|
The name of an =
high
sacerdotal dignity, the emblem and vestment of which was a panther's skin,
and the long lock of hair peculiar to the god infantile Horus.
The title is said to mean literally, "Husband of his Mother." It
was specially connected with the worship of the Ithyphallic god Khem. (1876c1) |
|
The Egyptian name of the city of |
|
The Pehu of the third nome of =
|
|
A mystical lake near the heavenly |
|
The Egyptian name of an unidentified forei=
gn
country. (1876c1) |
|
A mystical epithet applied to the Eye of <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Horus in the CXXXVIIth =
chapter
of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1) |
|
The queen of |
|
The earliest settlers in the valley of the=
|
|
The Turanian w= ord for the idea of Deity in the abstract. It was derived from An "a star." (1876c1)<= o:p> |
|
Anne, |
|
Anne, |
|
Annealing. The proce=
ss of
tempering brittle glass and metals by heat. (1883m1) |
|
Annealing. To prevent glass and certain metals from becoming sudden=
ly
brittle after melting they undergo a process called annealing. This process consists in placing glass vessels in a
hot oven, where they take several hours or even days to cool, and in heat=
ing
metals again after hammering. (1891a1) |
|
Annealing.=
Glass,
when suddenly cooled after melting, and some metals, after long hammering,
become extremely brittle. This brittleness is removed by leaving the glas=
s in
an oven, after the fire is withdrawn, and by heating the metals again, af=
ter
the hammering, by which they become annealed. (1855f1) |
|
An Egyptian lady. She was the wife of Nakhtankh, which see. (1876c1) |
|
(Her.) Bent like the letter S. (1891a1) |
|
One of the Hykshos
kings of |
|
Annu,
five miles north of |
|
Annu. The Un=
of
the eighth nome of |
|
(Her.) Said of a charge which has an annulet at each
extremity. (1891a1) |
|
Annulet, Her. A plai=
n ring, or false roundle. =
(1883m1) |
|
Annulet. (Her.) A ring, used either as a charge or as a =
mark
of difference of the fifth son. (1891a1) |
|
=
Annulets, Arch. The rings or mouldi=
ngs
about the lower part of the echinos or ovolo of Doric capitals. (1883m1) |
|
Annulets. (Arch.) Small projecting mouldings in the shap=
e of
a ring, which in the ancient orders are found at the intersection of the
shaft of the column with the the capital. In =
Gothic
monuments of the 12th and 13th centuries annulets are found distributed at
different heights along the shaft of the column, so as to slightly interr=
upt
the lines of the column and to increase its appearance of resistance. ILLUS. annulets (1891a1)
|
|
Gr. and R. (dimin. of anus,
a ring). A finger‑ring. They were
originally made of iron, and used as a signet for sealing. Later on they =
were
made of gold. Among the Greeks and Romans they were worn on the fourth fi=
nger
of the left hand, whence the expression sedere ad anulos alicu=
i,
to be seated at any one's left hand. The anulus bigemmis was a ring set with two
precious stones; anulus velaris=
was
a curtain ring. A plait of hair arranged in circles round the back of the
head was also called anulus.
In architecture the term was formerly employed instead of anulet. The stone most
frequently used for rings was the onyx, upon which devices were carved wi=
th
wonderful skill. The bezel, o=
r part
of the ring which which contained the gem, was
called PALA. (See RINGS.) (1883m1) |
|
The Pehu of the fifteenth, or Bubasti=
te
nome, of |
|
The Pehu of the second, or Latopolite=
nome, of |
|
Annunciation. This event in the life of the Virgin is frequently
treated in Christian art. As a mystical subject it almost always formed p=
art
of an altar‑piece, whatever its subject, being let in either in the=
spandrils or the predella. As
an event the annunciation is a frequent subject of the early painters. The
scene is laid in a house or porch, and the accessories are a pot of lilie=
s, a
basket of work, or distaff. The angel is represented as descending to ear=
th
and generally carries a lily or a sceptre, the latter being surmounted by=
a
cross. (1891a1) |
|
Annunciati=
on. (ANNUNZIATA,
Ital.) This religious mystery=
is
one of the most beautiful, as well as important, in the whole range of
Christian Art; from the earliest period it has been chosen as a most freq=
uent
subject. In the Manuel d'Iconogra=
phie
Chrétienne, by M. Didron, the treatment adopted by the early G=
reek
and Byzantine artists is described as follows: the scene is a house, or a
porch, the Holy Virgin kneeling before a chair, her head slightly incline=
d,
holding in her hand a spindle, while she extends the other to the Archang=
el
Gabriel, who salutes her with his right hand, and holds in his left a lan=
ce.
Above the house, in the sky, is seen the Holy Ghost descending as a ray of
light upon the head of the Virgin. At a subsequent period in the history =
of
Art, the treatment varied from this Greek formula: the Virgin is represen=
ted
seated or kneeling, the Archangel Gabriel bears a sceptre, which, at a la=
ter
period, was exchanged for the lily-branch, and this, in its turn, was by =
some
artists superseded by an olive-branch; and the Archangel was also crowned
with olive, but the lily is the most frequent, as well as most significan=
t.
Gabriel is also frequently represented as an ambassador bearing his
credentials, with attendant angels. By the early German artists he is
represented as habited in the richly embroidered vestments of the priesth=
ood.
(1855f1) |
|
In the magical texts the name of certain
Assyrian deities, the offspring of the deity Anu or
the Sky. They inhabited the lower world, and were called the deities of t=
he
earth. (1876c1) |
|
The Greek form of the Hykshos-Egypto
royal name Annoub, which see. (1876c1) |
|
In Greco-Babylonian mythology the son of <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Kissare and Assaros, an=
d the
first member of the Divine Triad. His analogue was the Anu
of the Assyrians. See Anu. (1876c1) |
|
A proper name which occurs in the very low=
est
or Greco-Roman time of Egyptian history. (1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian warlike goddess, possibly of
Syrian origin, represented as a woman with a spear in her hand, and with a
peculiar crown formed of high feathers curving outwardly from a white bon=
net
upon her head. She was the third member of the great Nubian Triad, and her
worship dates to the period of Osirtesen III.=
of the XIIth dynasty. Her
festival took place on the 28th day of Paophi=
and
the 30th of Athyr. (1876c1) |
|
One of the sacred names of the ram deity
Mendes. (1876c1) |
|
An uncertain Egyptian deity of the
Greco-Egyptian period. See |
|
Another form of the name of the Egyptian
goddess Anouke. (1876c1) |
|
Anqttite. A daughter of Sebekhotep III. of the XIIIth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
An-res. "Southern An." The Egyptian name o=
f the
city and district of Hermonthis in |
|
An uncertain Egyptian goddess. (1876c1) |
|
The Egyptian name of an unidentified Asiat=
ic
country. (1876c1) |
|
The Egyptian name of the town in |
|
The Egyptian name of the funereal fields, =
or
public Necropolis, near |
|
A name of the Egyptian Elysium, which occu=
rs
in the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1) |
|
Anrutf. "The Sterile." The Egyptian name o= f one of the mystical regions of Hades. It is described in the XVIIth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. See also<= /i> the following. (1876c1) |
|
Anrutf. The Northern g=
ate of
the House of Osiris, in the Egyptian Karneter. (1876c1) |
|
Ansa. Gr. and R. A t=
erm
signifying both haft and handle, and even eyelet or hole. Any vessel or v=
ase
which has large ears or circular handles on the neck or body,
is said to be furnished with ansae. Ansa ostii was the term applied to the handle by whi=
ch a
door is pulled or shut to. The bronze or iron eyelet =
on the
top of a steelyard were also called ansae staterae. The holes or eyelets m=
ade in
the side leathers of a Greek or Roman shoe were called ansae crepidae; the handle of the rudd=
er, ansa gubernaculi;
lastly, an iron cramp was called ansa ferrea. (1883m1) |
|
Ansa. The =
handle
by which a vase or cup was held. The thong which held the spear or javeli=
n (hasta ansata) by its centre. See
AMENTUM. (1855f1) |
|
Ansab. "Statues." The name given by the Ko= ranic writers to the sacred stones or Boetylia, which were worshipped, and anoi= nted with oil, by the ancient Arabians. See Boetylia. (1876c1) |
|
An Elamite dei=
ty of
whom nothing is known, except that it was one of those whose statues were
carried off by Assurbanipal on his conquest o=
f |
|
The handled Tau
cross. The emblem of life, which was always held in the hands of the Egyp=
tian
deities. The nature of the object, and the rea=
son of
its symbolism are unknown. See
Ankh. (1876c1) |
|
Ansated=
span>. A term applied=
to
vases, &c., to which handles are affixed. (1855f1) |
|
A mystical name of a divinity in the XLIInd chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)<= o:p> |