$H As. Rome

As. R. The unit of value in the bronze currency of = the Romans. Originally the as wei= ghed one pound, whence its name as lib= eralis; and as it was composed of a mixture of copper and tin (aes), it was also called aes grave. At a later period the = as had much declined in value; under Augustus it was only worth somewhat less than a penny. (1883m1)

$H As. Egypt

As. The literal reading of the Hieroglyphic name of the goddess Isis. (1876c1)

As. "Isis." A daughter of Amenhotep III. o= f the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

As. The Egyptian name of an unknown town w= hich is mentioned as existing in the reign of King Cheops, of the IVth dynasty. (1876c1)

As. A daughter of Rameses VI. of the XXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Asa.      1. Egypt; 2. Judah

An Egyptian officer of the VIth dynasty, w= ho was priest of Bast, priest of the Pyramid of Tat Asu the tomb of King Tet= a, royal scribe, keeper of the treasury, and Smer, and Heb, of the reigning mona= rch, whose name is unknown. (1876c1)

The grandson of Rehoboam, king of Judah. He formed an unsuccessful league with Benhadad, king of Syria, B.C. 940. See Azechamen and Uaserken I. (1876c1)

$H As-Aan. "Abundance of Rain."      Akkad

The Accadian name of the eleventh month Sabadhu or Sebat, which see. It answered roughly to our January. (1876c1)=

$H Asafai.

An idol in the form of a man, which was erected in the place of a sacred stone or Boetylia on the hill of Safa, n= ear Mecca, about A.= D. 300. (1876c1)

$H Asaminthos.    Greek

Gr. (= •F= V:= 4<= 2@= H[=3Dasaminthos]). A large vase of the Homeric epoch, large enoug= h to admit of a person bathing in it. It is supposed that this was the tub of Diogenes. (1883m1)

$H A= sani.

A district in South-east Assyria, which was conquered by Tiglath Pileser I. (1876c1)

$H A= sardin.       Babylon

According to the old chronologers, a king = of Babylon, who rei= gned about B.C. 680. He was probably the same as the rebel king Assurdayan, wh= ich see.(1876c1)

$H A= satai.     =

A people who were rendered tributary by Sa= mas Rimmon king of Assyria. (1876c1)<= /o:p>

$H A= sb.

Another form of the name of the town of Haasb, which see. (1876c1)

A mystical divinity. He is called the brot= her of Isis and Osiris in the LXIXth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876= c1)

$H Asbestus.    = (See AMIANTUS.) (1883m1)

$H Ascendant.    Heraldry

Her. Issuing upwards, as a flower. (1883m1)

$H A= schsepsen.     Egypt

A devotee of Apis. He was the son of Pemeskhemet, in the reign of Amasis II. of the XXXIst dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Ascia.    Greek & Roman

Gr. and R. A term ap= plied to instruments of various shapes and employed for different purposes, but all bearing a general resemblance to a carpenter's adze. The expression sub ascia dedicavit, which is frequently found engraved on tombs together with the representation of an= ascia, has given rise to numerous interpretations. It is supposed that this expression signified: This tomb [never before used] has been dedicated to the memory of the person in who= se honour it was erected; or possibly the formula implied that the plot upon which the memorial stood had been granted in perpetuity. After all the discussion to which the formula has given rise, these are the two hypothe= ses most generally accepted. (See ACISCULUS.) (1883m1)

$H Ascopera.    = Greek & Roman

Gr. and R. (= •F= 6Î= H[=3Daskos], leathern bag or wine‑skin; = BZ= D"[=3Dpera], a pouch). A large bag made of undressed leather, carried= as knapsack by foot‑travellers, and thus distinguished from the HIPPOP= ERA (q.v.). (1883m1)

$H Ascolia, Ascolias.    Greek & Roman

Gr. and R. (from = •F= 6Î= H[=3Daskos], a wine‑skin). An Athenian game which consisted in leaping upon a wine‑skin, filled with wine and greased over with oil, during the festivals in honour of Dionysus. (1883m1)<= /o:p>

$H Ascos.    $G

Ascos. An antique vase for holding ointmen= t or perfumes, so called from its resemblance to a leathern bottle or wine-ski= n. Pots of this form are still common in the south of Europe, especially in Spain and Portugal, where they are us= ed for water. † FIGURE

† Dennis's Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria.(1855f1)

$H Ascus.

An antique vase in the form of a hemisphere, having a ne= ck and a semicircular handle. It was supposed to resemble a wine‑skin = in shape, and was used to hold liquids. ILLUS. ascus (1891a1)

$H Asei.      See Uashesha. (1876c1)

$H Aseiohiamenti.      Egypt

An Egyptian priest, and the auditor of an unnamed divinity. The period when he lived is uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Asen.      Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the name of the benevolent, or good deities. (1876c1)

$H Asenheim.     <= /span> Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the name of the heavenly region where the gods resided; its principal city was Asgard, wh= ich was supposed to have been the centre of the world. (1876c1)

$H Asennu.      Egypt

A private Egyptian gentleman, in the time = of the XVIIIth dynasty. See Tutu. (1876c1)

$H Aser. Or Asez.      Egypt

The sea or lake of the eighteenth nome, or= nome of Chrud-chen, of Lower Egypt. (1876c1= )

$H Asera.      Etruria

The title of an Etruscan goddess, who is a= rmed with a hatchet. Aisera occurs= in Etruscan inscriptions; and AEsar<= /i>, according to Suetonius meant "a god." (1876c1)

$H Aserymus.     <= /span>

One of the many usurpers who occupied the throne of Tyre after the murder of Abdashtoreth, the last of the house of Hiram. (1876c1= )

$H Ases.      Egypt

The Egyptian name of an unidentified town. (1876c1)

$H Asesa.      Egypt

The second king of the VIIth Egyptian dyna= sty. (1876c1)

$H Aseskaf.      Egypt

An Egyptian king of the IVth dynasty. He w= as the immediate successor of Menkara, and was the Asychis of Manetho. (1876= c1)

$H Aseskafankh.      Egypt

A great functionary in the reign of an ear= ly king of Egypt in one of the first six dynasties. His tomb is one of the most important = of all which are excavated in the great Pyramid Hill.(1876c1)

$H Aseskara.     <= /span> Egypt

An Egyptian king of the Vth dynasty. (1876= c1)

$H Asgard.      Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the name of the capital city of Asenheim, the dwelling-place of the gods. It was supposed to have been situated in = the centre of the world, and to contain golden palaces with gates of precious stones. The central part of the city was called Gladsheim. (1876c1)<= /o:p>

$H Asguza.

A petty kingdom near Media, which was subjugated by Esarhaddon, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Ashariah.     <= /span> Judah

The son of Tabeal, an obscure pretender to= the crown of Judah, put forward by Rezin of Damascus and his allies, in opposition to Ahaz. He was utterly defeated, together with his adherents, by Tiglath Pileser II.= He was called in Hebrew history, "The Son of Tabeal" only, his true name is preserved in the Cuneiform inscriptions. This name rests solely on the reading of Dr. Oppert, whose views are much controverted. (1876c1)

$H Ashdod.

A great town in Philistia, which was frequently the chief of a revolt against the kings of Egypt and Assyria= , by one of the latter of whom it was completely conquered. See Akhimit. (1876c1)=

$H Asher.      Egypt

The Egyptian name of the fruit of the Hegl= yg tree. (1876c1)

$H Asher.      Egypt

That part of Thebes lying to the south of the= temple of Amen at Karnak and dedicated to Mut, the wi= fe of Amen, to whom Amen-hetep III. dedicated a temple. Later on Shishak placed there many lioness-headed statues of the goddess. (1902b1)

$H Asherru.      Egypt

A mystical abode of the gods in the Ritual= of the Dead. (1876c1)

$H Ashlar, Achelor; also Astler, Estlar.    Architecture

Ache= lor, Achlere, Ashlar.    (Architecture) Hewn stone (1883m1= ).

Ashlar. (Arch.) Stones hewn and cut square for use in buildings, opposed to rough stones straight from the quarry. (1891a1)

Ashlar, Achelor, &c.; also ASTLER or ESTLAR, O.E= . Hewn stone for the facings of walls. "Clene hewen Ashler." (1883m1)<= /p>

$H Ashmunazeer.

Another form of the Phenician royal name Eshmonazer, which see. (1876c1)

$H Ashtarchemosh.

A deity of the Moabites, probably a female= or Androgynous form of the god Chemosh. (1876c1)

$H Asi.    Egypt

Osiris. Or Asi.&n= bsp; (1876c1) [ Also see Osiris - Editor]

The Egyptian name of a country in Palestine, to the North of Aradus, between the Orontes and the sea. It was rendered tributary to= Egypt= by Thothmes III. in his fortieth year. (1876c1)

$H Asia.

The king of Dayeni, near the Euphrates. He submitted to Shalmaneser, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Asilla.    Roman

Asilla. R. A yoke, l= ike a milkman's, or the Malay picol= , for carrying burdens; is a common object in Egyptian and all other ancient representations of domestic appliances. (1883m1)

Asilla (Gr.<= /i>) A wooden pole, or yoke, sometimes resting on both shoulders (like that in common use at the present day), or more frequently on one shoulder only, = and used for carrying burdens; it occurs very frequently on ancient works of = Art, especially the Grecian: but it is even more common on early Egyptian scul= ptures, from one of which our engraving has been copied. FIGURE

$H Asinarii.    =

A term of reproach i= nherited by the early Christians from the Jews, who were accused of worshipping an ass. (1883m1)

$H Ask.     Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

Ask. "Oak." In Scandinavian mythology the = name of the first men created out of the trees growing by the seashore. See also Ymir. (1876c1)

$H Askh.    Egypt

A splendidly jewelled and enamelled golden collar, or torque, which was often bestowed by the Egyptian kings upon th= eir officers as the reward of personal valour in war. (1876c1)

$H Askos.    Greek & Roman [SEE ASCOS???]

Gr. and R. (= •F= 6`= H[=3Daskos]). A vessel, originally shaped like a leather bot= tle (uter) for holding water or wine.= It was furnished with a handle at the top, and had sometimes two mouths, one= of which served to fill, the other to empty it. Later on, the askos assumed the form of an earthenware pitcher. (1883m1)

$H Aslu, Kasbu, = or Casbu.

Aslu. An Assyrian measure of length, and t= he name of the six double hours into which the day and night were respectively divided. See Casbu. (1876c1)<= o:p>

Kasbu. Or Aslu. An Assyrian measure of length, called a day's journey. It was composed of th= irty sosses, or about fourteen mil= es. (1876c1)

Casbu. The= six divisions into which the day and night were divided by the Babylonians. T= he Assyrians called the same divisions Aslu. (1876c1)

$H Asmatarta.    Egypt

A wife of Rameses III. of the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Asmir.    Egypt

The Egyptian name of a precious stone whic= h is at present unidentified. It has been conjectured by some writers to have = been the emerald, and by others, corundum, or emery. (1876c1)

$H Asmun.    Egypt

A Chaldean city on the Persian Gulf. It was called by the Accadians Nitukki. (1876c1)<= /o:p>

$H Asnappar.    = Egypt

An Assyrian royal name, so written by the Hebrew historians. It is supposed to have been the same as Assurbanipal (1876c1)

$H Asnefer.    <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Egypt

The Egyptian name of a town which is at present unidentified. (1876c1)

$H Asnofre.    <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Egypt

Asnofre. The wife of Menepthah I. of the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

Asnofre. "T= he Good Isis." A daughter of Ra= meses II. of the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

Asnofre. A wife of Rameses II. of the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Asnunnak.     <= /span>

A country colonised by Agu-kak-rimi, an ea= rly Kassite king of Babylonia. Its localit= y is not known. (1876c1)

$H Asoka.      India

A famous king of Maghada, in Lower India. He was the grandson of Chandragupta or Sandracottus, = and was early converted by the disciples of Sakya Munya to the religion of Buddha, which he formally adopted as the national faith at the great coun= cil of Palibothra, about B.C. 250, sending his brother Mahindo and his sister= Sangamitta to convert the Ceylonese. Later on in his reign he issued a series of political edicts, which he had engraved upon the sides of several great Lats or pillars, from the Jumna = to the Ganges, and from Cuttack to Guzerat. These inscriptions are the first dated monuments in Indian history, and they are remarkable for the sanctity with which they invest every species of life, even to that of the vegetable creation. The grande= st architectural remains of the Buddhist period date from his reign, which a= lso marked an era in Indian chronology. (1876c1)

$H Asor.

Heb. A musical instrument of ten strings played with= the plectrum. (1883m1)

In Hindu mythology the name of a race of evil spirit= s, who are always addicted to sorcery. (1876c1)

$H Asovahisto. "The Pure Better One."

In Zendic mythology the second of the heav= enly Amshaspands, which see. (1876c1)

$H Asp.

Asp. In Egyptian art= the emblem of royalty; in Christian art, under the feet of saints, of conquer= ed malice. (1883m1)

Asp. In Christian Art the asp symbolises malice. It is frequently placed beneath the feet of saints, bishops, and even representations of Faith, Charity, &c., to indicate their triumph over evil. Our illustration is taken from the monument of a bishop in the Temple Church. ILLUS. asp (1891a1)

Asp. In sc= ulptured representations of Christ, and also of the symbolical representations of Christian Faith, the asp is often seen placed under their feet, to denote= the victory over malice. Different shapes are given to the asp. Sometimes it is a short reptile, approaching in form to the lizard, with a large head, without feet; at others, it is a quadruped with short feet, its body terminating in the ta= il of a serpent. Our cut is from the effigy of a bishop in the Temple Church, London, who treads one under his feet. FIGURE(1855f1)

$H Aspalut.      Egypt

A king of Egypt, in the Ethiopian per= iod, or the XXVth dynasty. Nothing is certainly known concerning him. (1876c1)=

$H Aspastatauk.

A king of the country of the Huilai, who p= aid tribute to Samas Rimmon, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Aspectant.    Heraldry

(Her.) Face to face. (1891a1)

Her. Looking at one = another. (1883m1)

$H Asperges, Asp= ergillum.    Christian

Asperges, Aspergillum, Chr. The rod for sprinkling h= oly water. (1883m1)

Asperges. The rod used for sprinkling the holy water in = the service of the Roman Catholic Church. ILLUS. asperges (1891a1)

=

Asperges. The rod used for sprinkling the holy water in the service of the Roman Cathol= ic Church. FIGURE(1855f1)

$H Aspersed.    = Heraldry

Her. Scattered over, ‑ the same as Semé= e. (1883m1)

$H Aspersorium.    Christian

Chr. The stoup, or holy water basin. (1883m1)

$H Asphalt.    <= /h1>

A bituminous material used as mortar by certain Eastern peoples, and employed in our times as a covering for such surfaces as wal= ls, causeways, and roads. (1891a1)

$H Asphaltum.

A brown pigment used in the arts. The best kind comes fr= om Egypt. (1891a1)

A brown carbonaceous= pigment used in painting. It is found in various parts of the world, more particularly in Egypt, China, Naples, and Trinidad. The best is the Egyptian= . (See BITUMEN, MUMMY.) (1883m1)

Asphaltum, Bitumen, Mummy. (NERO DI SP= ALTO. Ital.) A brown carbonaceous pigment used in painting. It is found in various parts of the world, more particularly in Egypt, C= hina, Naples, and Trini= dad. That found in a lake in Judea is termed Jew's pitch, and this name has also been given to all the varieties of asphaltum. The best is the Egyptian; it is glossy and heavy, emitting a v= ery strong disagreeable smell, like that of garlic or asdafoetida, and breaks with a shining fracture; except in colour, it agrees in outward appearance with gamboge. It is not soluble either in water, turpentine, or oil, until fused. As it is not very cheap, it is often adulterated. * Much skill and care is required in preparing this pigment f= or artists' use, and very little that is sold can be depended on. When improperly prepared, it flies off in on painting, and loses its pleasant brown tone and becomes a dirty grey, which change is owing to its contain= ing an empyreumatic oil, which, being extracted, the asphaltum becomes durabl= e. It would be greatly improved if dissolved in amber varnish. When judiciou= sly employed it is a most valuable pigment for backgrounds, drapery, and head= s in shadow, and for warming or blending other pigments, when used either alon= e or mixed with blue; for this purpose no other pigment can adequately supply = its place. There are some few artists who have used it very much, particularly among the Germans and Italians; but without a thorough knowledge of colou= r, it only produces a dirty tone. It was used by Titian as a glazing pigment= , † and by Tintoretto, Andr= ea Schiavone, and others. Asphaltum is an ingredient in the compound used fo= r ETCHING-GROUNDS, in the preparation of BRUNSWICK BLACK, and, mixed with black lac, it form= s a japan varnish for boxes and wood-work. French or German Prussian blue, wh= en burned, produces a pigment which is considered a valuable and eligible su= bstitute for asphaltum. The Prussian blue manufactured in <= st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">England produces an orange-= coloured pigment when burned. BITUMEN. The pigment sold under this name differs ve= ry much in quality; some appears to be genuine ASPHALTUM, diluted and ground= up with drying oil or varnish. Asphaltum greatly retards the drying of oil, = but by itself it dries quickly; therefore the selection of either of these pigments will depend in a great measure upon the choice between a quick or slow-drying pigment. In using bitumen the artist must be prepared for disappointment, for there is a substance sold as bitumen which will not d= ry at all; it is probably a factitious compound, greatly resembling coal-tar= in appearance and qualities. MUMMY. A substance is sold under this name, whi= ch differs very much in quality, according to the manner in which it is prepared. It appears in commerce as a brown dirty compound, consisting of decayed animal and vegetable matters, mixed with small pieces of asphaltu= m, which is the only portion of any value to the artist. Some ignorant colou= rmen merely sift out the vegetable fibre, and grind up all the earthy matter together with the uncertain quantity of asphaltum. This is literally MUMM= Y, but the product is a compound of a dirty olive-brown, worse than useless:= the skilful manufacturer, on the contrary, carefully picks out the only porti= on of value to the painter - the asphaltum (Egyptian) - and, after proper manipulation, grinds it with drying oil or with amber varnish, and therew= ith produces a pigment of considerable value for artists' use.

<= /span> Merrifield's Ancient Practice of Oil Painting= , vol. i. p. cxx. et seq.

† Ibid. (1855f1)

$H Aspic.

Aspic. (See OIL OF SPIKE.) (1883m1)<= /p>

Aspic (Fr.), SPIKE. Essence d'Aspic, or oil of s= pike, is prepared from the wild lavender (lavendula major* or lutefolia). It i= s used in wax painting. (1855f1)

$H Aspurta.

A king of Ethiopia, of about the time= of the XXVIth dynasty. His wife Madsenen was a priestess of Amen Ra. (1876c1= )

$H Asqalna.      Egypt

The Egyptian name of the town of Ascalon, in Philistia. (1876c1)

$H Asra.      Egypt

The literal reading of the name of the god Osiris. It is more generally written Hesirei. (1876c1)<= /p>

$H Asromiamun.

The name of an unidentified Ethiopian king. The period when he lived is uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Ass.    Christian

Ass. Chr. An emblem of patience and sobriety; but al= so of idleness and obstinacy; sometimes of the Jewish nation. (1883m1)

Ass. This = animal is employed in Christian Art as the symbol of sobriety; in figures on some Christian monuments, as the emblem of the Jewish nation; it also seems to exhibit the synagogue personified, carrying by the saddle the heads of ma= ny swine. (1855f1)<= /p>

$H Ass, Festival of the.  &n= bsp; Christian

A grotesque Christian festival of the Middle Ages, connected with the prominence of the ass in religious history. (1883m1)

$H Assa      Egypt

, Dad-ka-Ra , IVth Dynasty, cir. B.C. 3580. Traces of this king have been foun= d in the Wady Hammamât and the Wady Maghârah. The Proverbs of Ptah-hetep (Prisse Papyrus) date back to this reign. (1902b1)<= /span>

$H Assan.

A town or district in Elam, which was called by t= he Accadians Anzan. (1876c1)

$H Assa-Tatkeres.      Egypt

The eighth and last king but one of the Vth dynasty. Like his predecessors, he carried on the mining operations at Sarbout el Khadem, in the peninsula of Mount Sinai, a= nd was the father of Pthah Hotep, the earliest known writer of proverbs. (1876c1= )

$H Assaya.      Mesopotamia<= /st1:place>

A district in Mesopotamia, which paid trib= ute to Assurnazirpal, king of Assyria. (18= 76c1)

$H Assemblage.

Method of joining timber‑work and carpentry. There= are several methods of assemblage= , such as by mortise and tenon, dovetailing, &c., but the study of their peculiarities belongs rather to construction than to art. ILLUS. assembla (1891a1)

$H Asser.    Roman

R.

(1) A beam, pole, or= joist.

(2) The rafters of a= wooden roof.

(3) Asser falcatus was a kind of ram which was launched, with the= aid of machinery, by the garrison of a fortified town, against the enemy's si= ege works. (1883m1)

$H Assessors.     Egypt

The name given by Egyptologists to forty-t= wo judges, who each in the Hall of Judgment interrogate the soul of the dece= ased respecting different crimes which he may have committed, from which crime= s he is able to absolve himself by repeating the so-called negative confession= of the CXXVth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. The deceased is then in turn declared by the assessors to be justified, and after undergoing various transformations, he passes into the highest heaven of the spiritual world. (1876c1)

$H Asseth.      Egypt

According to the Greek lists, the name of = an early Egyptian king of Bubas= tis. He has not yet been certainly identified. (1876c1)

$H Assett.    Old English

O.E. A salver. (1883m1)

$H Asshurabamer.      Assyria

According to Lenormant, whose view is not = now maintained, the last king of the first empire of the Assyrians. He was defeated by the king of the Hittites, and lost the whole of the external provinces of Assyria. The discontent e= xcited among his subjects at this disaster led to a conspiracy, by which he was dethroned, and the principal traitor, Belkatirassur, placed on the throne. (1876c1)

$H Asshuradinna.      Assyria

According to some early Assyriologists, the true reading of the Assyrian royal name Esarhaddon, which see. See also Asshuriakhidiun. (1876c= 1)

$H Asshurbalat.      Assyria

Another reading of the Assyrian royal name Assur-ubalid, which see. (1876c1)

$H Asshur-Nadin.      Assyria

Asshur-Nadin. "Asshur giveth." The eldest = son of Sennacherib, king of Assyria. He was m= ade king of Babylon by his father, upon the defeat of Merodach-baladan, but soon died, and was succeeded by the rebel Irigibel, which see. (1876c1)

$H Asshur-Rish-Ishi.      Assyria

Asshur-Rish-Ishi. "Assur possesses a Head."= ; Another reading of the Assyrian royal name Assur-ris-ilim, which see. (1876c1)

$H Assommoir.

Fr. A sort of galler= y built over a door or passage of a fortified place, from which stones, lead, and other heavy objects could be hurled down to overwhelm (assommer) the besiegers. Hence the name. (1883m1)

$H Assoros.    <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

In Greco-Babylonian mythology the brother = and husband of Kissare, and father of the first divine triad, Anos, Illinos, = and Aos. His analogue was the Assur of the Assyrians with his wife Serua. (1876c1)

$H Assu.    Egypt

The Egyptian name of an unidentified Asiat= ic country. (1876c1)

$H Assuan.    Egypt

The modern name of the ancient town of Syene, which wa= s one of the Southern boundaries of Egypt, and from whence the greater part of the granite used in the Egyptian temp= les was quarried. It was famous for its temple of Isis-sothis, or the Dog-star personified as a goddess, and from which temple it seems probable that the national astronomical observations were taken. (1876c1)=

$H Assumption.    Christianity

Assumption= . The assump= tion of the Virgin is a favourite subject with early painters. The tomb is represented below, the virgin is pictured as ascending to heaven or else = as seated on a throne, while St= . Thomas receives the mystic girdle. (1891a1)

Assumption= . The assumption of the blessed Virgin Mary is a subject that has called forth = the highest resources of Christian Art. Among the most famous is the picture = by Titian, at Venice= . Granacci has also treated this subject with great skill and feeling in a picture contained in the Florentine Gallery. The usual mode of depicting = the subject is - a scene exhibiting a tomb open and empty, the Apostles aroun= d in astonishment; St. Thomas in the midst of them, showing the girdle of the = Virgin, which he holds in his hand. Above, seated among the clouds, it the Virgin Mary, sometimes between the Father and the Saviour, who are crowning her.= (1855f1)

$H Assur.     1. Hindu; 2. Assyria

Assur. In Hindu mythology another name of the evil s= pirits who were called Asvarna, which see. (1876c1)

Assur. The great Deity of the Assyrians, the King and Father of the gods, and therefore not included in the mythological genealogies of the Assyrians. He was called "The God who created Himself," and his chief temple was dedicated to Sadimatati, or the "Mountain of the World." (1876c1)

Assur. In Archaic history the general name of the em= pire of Assyria. The original seat of the Assyrian people when they migrated from Babylonia was a tract on the rive= r Tigris, between the latitudes 35° and 37°, being a territory extending about one hundred miles from North to South, = and about seventy miles from East to West. During the best period of the empi= re, Assyria proper extended from latitude 35° to 38° and longitude 40° to 45°, embracing the countries on the East of the Tigris as = far as the mountain ranges of Media, reaching on the South to below the junct= ion of the rivers Tigris and Zab, on the West extending to the banks of the Khabour, and spreading its Northern boundary as far as the mountains now called Jebel Djudi. About the 7th century B.C. the subject districts of Assyria included Lydia, Cyprus, and Egypt on the West, Elam and part of M= edia on the East, and Babylonia and part of Arabia in the South, an extent of territory which was always with difficulty held together, and the strain = to secure which ultimately dismembered the empire. The chief cities of Assyr= ia were Assur, the ancient, and for many years the only capital; Calah, a la= rge city situated about twenty miles to the South of Nineveh; Reson, a city l= ying between Calah and Nineveh; and lastly Nineveh itself, the later capital of the country, and the one best known to the Greek and Hebrew writers. The ecclesiastical centre of the country appears to have been Arbela, the favourite city of the goddess Ishtar in later times, and Assur the residence of the god Assur, the father and king of the gods, and father of the Assyrians. (Smith.) (1876c1)

$H Assuracherib.    Assyria

Another form of the name of the great Assy= rian king Sennacherib, which see. (1876c1)

$H Assuracus. Or Saracus.      Assyria

According to the Greek writers, the name of the last king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Assur-akhi-iddin. "Assur gave Brothers."      [See Essar-haddon (1876c1) – Editor]

$H Assur-Banai-Uzur. "Assur, protect my Offspring."

The chief of the palace of Shalman= eser II. and eponym of the years B.C. 856 and 817. The chief event in which latter year was an expedition to Bale. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Bani. "Assur my Creator."

The governor of Calah, in the reign of Sargon II. He = was eponym of the year B.C. 713, the chief event in which was a warlike expedition into the lan= d of Media and Tuba= l. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Bani-Pal. "Assur, create a Son."

The Sardanapalus of the Greeks, was made co-regent of Assyria with his father, Essar-haddon, in B.C. 670, and became sole king, B.C. 668. He was a great patron of literature, and institutor of the great library of Kouyunjik, passionately fond of hunting, but cruel, sensual, and effeminate. At the beginning of his reign, Egypt revolted; but Tirhakah's army was routed at Car-banit, in the Delta, and = Egypt reconquered. A second revolt soon afterwards broke out, but was promptly repressed, and Necho, satrap of Sais, ca= rried to Nineveh, though shortly afterwards released. Rud-Ammon, Tirhakah's successor, again drove the Assyrians out of Egypt; but his success was short, Egypt had again to submit, and The= bes was sacked (see Nahum iii. 8). Tyre, the= siege of which had been begun by Essar-haddon, now submitted, as well as the ki= ngs of Tubal and Cilicia; and Gyges of Lydia sent tribute to Nineveh. The Minnians, Medes, and Ela= mites were also successfully attacked. But, in B.C. 660, Psammitikhus, the son = of Necho, with the help of Gyges, shook off the Assyrian yoke, and under the conduct of Saul-mugina, Assur-bani-pal's brother and satrap of Babylonia, and of Umman-igas and Tammaritu, kings= of Elam,= a general revolt broke out throughout the whole empire. Elam had already suffered much from Assy= ria a few years before, in the reign of Teumman; civil war, however, now broke = out there, and the Elamites had to make peace with Ass= yria. Babylon, Sippara, Borsippa, and Cuthah were taken, and Saul-mugina burnt himself. = The Arabians and Nabatheans were compelled to return to submission, an Assyri= an army being marched into the heart of Arabia, and the revolted cities of <= st1:place w:st=3D"on">Palestine were s= everely punished. Taking advantage of a fresh civil war, Assur-bani-pal now sent = an army into Elam, which rav= aged the country, destroyed Shushan and other cities, and made Elam a dependency of Assyria. Ardys, son of Gyges, thereupon sent tribute to Assur-bani-pal The date of Assur-bani-pal's death is uncertain. (Sayce.) (1876c1)<= /p>

$H Assur-Basa.

A garrison city, established by Tiglath Pileser II. at the foot of Mount Naal, between Assyria and Armenia. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Bel-Kala. "Assur (is) Lord of all."      Assyria

A king of Assyria, son of Tiglath-Pileser I., who invaded Babyl= onia and conquered the successor of the Babylonian king Maruduksapikzurrat, wh= ose name is unknown. (1876c1)

$H Assvr-Bel-Nis= i. "Assur (is) Lord of Men."      Assyria

An early king of Assyria, who executed an amicable treaty with Kara-indas, king of Babylonia= , as to the boundaries of their respective kingdoms, in the fifteenth centu= ry B.C. (1876c1)

$H Assvr-Bel-Vki= n. "Assur established the Lord."      Assyria

A more correct reading of the Assyrian name Assurbeluzur, which see. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Bel-Vzur.

The governor of Kirruri, in the reign ot Rimmon-nirari III. He was eponym of the year B.C. 797, the chief event in which was an expedition to Manzuat. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Bel-Uzvr.    <= /span>

The governor of Calah, in the last year of the reign = of Shalmaneser III. He was eponym of the year B.C. 772, the chief event in w= hich was an expedition to Hadrach. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Dainanni.    <= /span>

Assur-Dainanni. "Assur, judge Me." The Rab= saki of Tiglath Pileser II., who sent him to subdue the Eastern provinces of Media, which he successfully accomplished, bringing back much spoil to Assyria. He was governor of Mazamua, and eponym o= f the year B.C. 733, the chief event in which was a warlike expedition to Damascus. (1876c= 1)

$H Assur-Dain-Pal.

Assur-Dain-Pal. "Assur, judge the Son." The eldest son of Shalmaneser II. He incited the people of Nineveh to revolt against his father, who had offended them by the removal of the Assyrian court to Calah; and he soon had a following of twenty-seven cities with their respective governors. His brother, Samas-Rimmon III., however, reduced the tribes to their allegiance before the death of Shalmaneser II., which took place so= on after. Nothing is known as to the death of Assur-dain-pal. (1876c1)

$H Assurdan II.      Assyria

A king of Assyria. In his reign the empire began to revive from the long period of depression into which it had fallen after the death of Assur-rabu-amar. He was succe= eded by Rimmon-nirari II. (1876c1)

$H Assurdan III.     Assyria

The successor of Shalmaneser III. Early in= his reign he began to attack Damascus and Babylonia, making several expeditions also to Media and Syria. Towards the close of his reign a great rebellion arose, headed by the peo= ple of the old capital Assur. The revolt reached over six years, and was rend= ered remarkable by the appearance of a great eclipse, that of the 15th June, B= .C. 763, which was regarded as an evil omen. The energies of Assurdan enabled him, however, to conquer the rebellion, and a peaceful period of two years succeeded, after which he died, having reigned eighteen years. His succes= sor was Assurnirari II. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Dan I.     Assyria

Assur-Dan I. "Assur is Judge." An early king of Assy= ria, the son of Ninip-pileser, who in the reign of Zamama-zikiriddina invaded = and plundered the country of Babylonia, and began the reconstruction of the temples of Anu and Rimmon at Assur, which were erected by Samas-Rimmon II= . He died, however, before he had time to do more than pull down the structure= s. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Danin-Sarri.      Assyria

Assur-Danin-Sarri. "Assur the Strengthener of t= he King." An Assyrian officer in the court of Esarhaddon. He was one of= the officials who were called "Holders of the Two Sceptres." See Nebo-atsib.(1876c1)

$H Assurdayan.      Assyria

Another form of the Assyrian royal name Assurdan, which see. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Ebil-Ili.      Assyria

Assur-Ebil-Ili. "Assur is Lord of the Gods.&quo= t; The son of Assurbanipal. He may have succeeded Bel-zikir-iskun on the throne = of Assyria, and after a short and troubled reign been attacked by Nabopalassar, the former general of the king of Assyria, but = who was at that time king of Babylon, and his son Nabukuduruzur. The two rebe= ls, aided by Necho, king of Egypt, destroyed the city of Nineveh, and the k= ing himself gathering his wives and treasures together, burnt himself to deat= h in his palace; thus the Assyrian history of Assyria terminated. Assurebilili was possibly the Saracus of the Greek historians. (1876c1)

$H Assuredililani.

Assuredililani. "Assur is Arbiter (?) of the Gods." See Bel-zikir-isk= un, to which king this name probably belongs. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Izka-Dain.     Assyria

Assur-Izka-Dain. "Assur judges Crimes." An= Assyrian officer whose titles are lost. He was eponym of the last year of Shalmane= ser IV., B.C. 720, the chief event in which was a warlike expedition to Palestine. (1876= c1)

$H Assur-Liha.

King of Karalla. He revolted against Sargon II., who defeated him, and then had his city burnt, and himself flayed al= ive. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Lihhis.

The name formerly given by the French Assyriologists to Assur-Nirari, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Assurlikkish.      Assyria

A king of Assyria, under whom, according to some Assyriologists, the original empire was overthrown by the Medes. The point is open to considerable doubt, and the monarch in that case would have been Assur Nirari II., which see. All Assyriologists agree in making Tuklat Palesir II. his successor. N.B. - This name is retained for reference although the view is now abandoned by Assyriologists. (1876c1)<= o:p>

$H Assur-Makhir-Nisi.

Assur-Makhir-Nisi. "Assur the Presenter of Men.= " The governor of Arbaha, in the reign of Rimmon-nirari III. and eponym of = the year B.C. 803, the chief events in which were a warlike expedition to "over the sea," and the visitation of a pestilence. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Mulik.

Assur-Mulik. "Assur who causes to march." A younger son of Sennacherib, and the heir to the throne on the death of his brother Assurnadin. He occupied a splendid palace at Nineveh, specially erected for him by= his father. Notwithstanding which, he conspired with his brother Nergal-Share= zer and assassinated his father. This act at once cost him the succession, as= his younger brother Esarhaddon at once ascended the throne, and he had to take refuge in the land of Armenia, which was always at war with Assyria. He was the Addramelek of the Hebrew writ= ers. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Nadin-Akhe.      Assyria

Assur-Nadin-Akhe. "Assur gives Brothers." = The successor of Iriba-Rimmon, king of Assyria. Nothing is known respecting him. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Nazir-Pal.     Assyria

Assur-Nazir-Pal. "Assur protects (his) Son.&quo= t; A great king of Assyria. He was the son = of Tugulti-Ninip II. and nearly the whole of his reign of twenty-five years = was spent in wars undertaken to enlarge the kingdom of Assyri= a, these wars being characterised with more than usual cruelty on the part of the victor. His first wars were against the bordering states of North Assyria, then the Eastern provinces of the Tigris<= /st1:place>. After conquering all his opponents, and impaling or flaying alive the chi= efs of the conquered cities, he marched into = Syria, and warred as far as the Mediterranean sea, where he received tribute of the Phenicians and the coast towns. Returnin= g to Nineveh, he rebuilt the chief temples of= that city, and also the city of Calah, which = had been founded by Shalmaneser I. and had been destroyed during the re= igns of the weak monarchs who succeeded him. He then constructed a preserve of wild animals for the chase there, and afterwards excavated a canal from t= hat city to the river Zab. He was also a prudent but merciless legislator, and was succeeded by his son, Shalmaneser II. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Nirari I.    <= /span> Assyria

Assur-Nirari I. "Assur my Helper." An early ruler of Assyria, of whom little is known. He was the fath= er of Nebo-dan. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Nirari II.

He succeeded Assurdan III. and began his r= eign with an expedition against Hadrach in Northern Pal= estine, and in the second year of his monarchy to Arpad. A period of inaction ens= ued, followed by a revolution, the particulars of which are not known, but it ended in the destruction of the dynasty, and the accession to the throne = of the usurper Tiglath Pileser II. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Rabu-Amar.      Assyria

A king of Assyria, one of the successors of Samas-Rimmon II. In his reign the king of Aram or = Syria reconquered the whole of the region of the Euphrat= es from the Assyrian empire. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Ris-Ilim.      Assyria

Assur-Ris-Ilim. "Assur, Head of the Gods."= An early Assyrian king. He was the son of Mutaggil-Neho, whom he succeeded, = and again restored the power of the Assyrian empire, which was falling under = the Babylonian aggressions, by conquering the various tribes in the North and North-east of Mesopotamia. He was furt= her a great builder, and was succeeded by his son Tiglath-Pileser I. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Salimanni.

Assur-Salimanni. "Assur gives me Peace." T= he governor of Arbaha, in the reign of Tiglath Pileser II. He was eponym of = the year B.C. 735, the chief event in which was a warlike expedition to Arara= t. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Semuani.

Assur-Semuani. "Assur, hear me (?)." The governor of Kalzi in the reign of Shalmaneser IV. He was eponym of the ye= ar B.C. 724, the chief event in which was a warlike expedition to a country whose name is lost. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Taggil.

Assur-Taggil. "Assur gives Confidence." The Tukulu of Rimmon-nirari III., and eponym of the year B.C. 806, the chief event in which was a warlike expedition to Arpad. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Ubalid.      Assyria

Assur-Ubalid. "Assur gives Life." An early= king of Assyria, whose daughter Muballidat-Serua, married a king of Babylonia, but what king is not known. (1876c1)

$H Assurubalid.

According to the French Egyptologists anot= her form of the Assyrian royal Dame Asshurubalat, which see. (1876c1)

$H Assur-Zikur-Esir.

Assur-Zikur-Esir. "Assur directs (his) Man." An = early Patesi or chief lord, a ruler of Assyria, who first assumed the title, "King of Countries," and who was engaged in a controversy or dispute with Kharbi-sipak, king of Babylonia. He is sometimes called Niniptugultu Assur. (1876c1)

$H Ast.      Egypt

The Egyptian name of an unidentified Asiat= ic country. (1876c1)

The Egyptian name of an unidentified town, possibly the Ά= ;στυ of Greek writers. (1876c1)

The Egyptian name of the sacred fruit of t= he Persea almond tree. It was one of the trees which was considered as a tre= e of life, and on the fruit of which the goddess Sofkh wrote the name of the k= ing. It is now extinct in Lower Egypt. (187= 6c1)

$H Astaboras.

An Ethiopian river which runs into the Nile near to the Island of Meroe in Upper Egypt. (1876c1)

$H Astalenen.      Egypt

The Egyptian name of a country opposite to= Nubia. (1876c1)

$H Astaretenheb.      Egypt

An Egyptian lady, of whom nothing is known= except that she had a sister named Iseret. Her name possesses an interest as containing that of the Syrian goddess Astarte, whose worship was introduc= ed into Egypt after the conquest in Palestine of Thothmes II. of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Astarte.      Egypt

A goddess imported from Syria, probably at the time of the great Kheta war under Ramses II., but not pop= ular until later. Her title is "lady of horses and chariots." The eastern quarter of Tanis was dedicated to her. Sometimes she is represented with the head of a lioness. (1902b1)

$H Astartus.     <= /span>

One of the many usurpers who occupied the throne of Tyre after the murder of Abdashtoreth, the last king of the house of Hiram. (1876c1)

$H Astekhu.      Egypt

The mother of Abet an Egyptian sculptor of= the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Asten.

A name of the Ibis-headed deity Thoth, by which he was venerated in the temple of Denderah. (187= 6c1)

$H Asterisk.    = Christian

Chr. Sometimes called STELLULA. A kind of crossed framework made of gold or silver, consisting of two arched bands which are sometimes surmounted, at the point of intersection= , by a cross. The asterisk is placed upon the patera for the purpose of keeping tip the cloth which covers the consecrated wafers of the host. (1883m1)

$H Astes.    Egypt

A mystical Egyptian divinity mentioned in = the XVIIth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead.

$H Astler.    (See ASHLAR.) (1883m1)

$H Astlik. (Istar ?).

The daughter of Xisuthrus according to Mos= es of Chorene, and the sister of Zirvan, Titan, and Japethostes, whom she reconciled to each other after a war which had broken out between them on account of the arrogance of Zirvan, the eldest brother of the protogiants, which see. (1876c1)

$H Astmursa.    =   Egypt

The Egyptian name of a town situated on the banks of the Astabaras. (1876c1)

$H Astragal.    = Architecture

Astragal. An ornamental moulding, genera= lly used to conceal a junction in architecture. (1855f1)

Astragal. (= •F= JD= V(= "8= @H[=3Dastragalos], knuckle‑bone).<= span style=3D'mso-no-proof:no'> A small semicircular moulding, so called from = its resemblance to a row of knuckle‑bones placed side by side. As it is decorated with beads, or berries of laurel or olive, separated by discs, = it is now commonly known as a chaple= t. Astragals are placed at the top of a column, beneath the capital, and div= ide the architrave into two or three parts. They are also used to decorate any kind of base. (See TORUS.) (1883m1)

Astragal. (Arch.) A moulding the profile of which is a semicircle, placed at the base of capitals in the ancient orders. Astragals are also called baguettes or beads, when the moulding consists of an alternation of round or pearl‑shaped and angular forms. They are sometimes found on Gothic capitals. 2 ILLUS. astraga1, astraga2 (1891a1)

       &nbs= p;

$H Astragalus.    Roman

Astragalus= . R. The ancient game of knuckle‑bones; a c= ommon subject in classical sculpture, called also TALI. (1883m1)

Astragalus= . The name a= mong the Greeks for the knuckle‑bone= of animals, Astragali were used in= several games, and boys playin= g at knuckle‑bones (astragalizon= tes) were a favourite subject with classical sculptors. ILLUS. astragal (1891a1)

Astragalus. (Gr.) A huckle-bone. From the earliest times, the huckle-bones= of sheep and goats have been used by women and children to play at a game which co= nsisted in throwing these bones into the air, and catching them on the back of the hand. * Where these bones we= re without any artificial marks, the game was entirely one of skill; when th= e sides of bones were marked like dice, it became a game of chance. This subject = it frequently represented in ancient Art. In the British Museum it a marble group of boys quarrelling over this game, one boy biting the = arm of his playfellow. FIGURE

* = Our engraving is copied from a Greek painting discovered at Resina. (1855f1)<= o:p>

$H Astreated.    Architecture

Arch. Star‑sha= ped ornaments, used in Norman mouldings. (1883m1)

$H Astvadereta.

Astvadereta. "Existing Truth." One of the = three prophets descended from Zarathustra, by whom the evil principal was to be finally destroyed. (1876c1)

$H Asylum.    Greek & Roman

Gr. and R. (= –‑F= L8= @<[=3Da‑sulon], safe from viole= nce). A place of refuge, to which was attached the privilege of inviolability called asulia. This privilege belonged to certain temples, woods, or other sacred enclosures. There were a considerable number of such retreats in Greece and the Greek colonies. (1883m1)

$H Astronomy.      Egypt

Great attention was paid to this science, and though, judging from our modern knowledge of the subject, the Egyptians only knew the rudiments, from the standpoint of Diodorus Siculus, they were very learned. "There is no country where the positions and movements of the stars are observed with = such accuracy as in Egy= pt. They have kept, during an incredible number of years, registers where the= se observations are recorded." But, unfortunately, none of these "= registers" have come down to us.

Thoth was the god who taught men the science of the heavens. An important part of the priestly college was the school of astronomy. The priests of Ra seem to have been the first to recognize the importance of = this study, and their keenness of sight is indicated in some of the titles they bear, as "great of sight," "the reader who knows the face = of the heavens, the great of sight in the mansion of the Prince of Hermonthis." The astronomers attached to the temples were called "watchers of the night." They knew at least five of our planets, and some of the constellations have been identified. Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Mars and Venus were depicted under various forms, but were not actually worshipped. Orion (Sahu) and Sirius (Sothis), according to our interpretation, were supposed to be the abodes respectively of the souls = of Horus and Isis. They are represented in various places as human beings standing in the little barks in which they sailed the ocean of the sky, o= r, as at Dendera, Orion as a man beckoning to Sirius as a cow reclining in t= he bark behind him.

"The constellations were reckoned to be thirty-six in number,= the thirty-six decani to whom were attributed mysterious powers, and of whom the star Sothis was queen - Sot= his transformed into the star of Isis, when Orion (Sahu) became the star of Osiris." (Maspero.)

The chief maps of the sky preserved on temple and tomb walls are t= hose at the Ramesseum, Dendera, and in the tomb of Seti I. at Thebes. Star tables are found in the tombs of Ramses IV. and Ramses IX. at Thebes, but they= are carelessly done, as probably they were only considered as part of the decoration of the tomb. The constellations were represented as stars outlining the bodies of animals. Our constellation, the "Plough,&quo= t; was their "Haunch." Behind the haunch came a female hippopotamus, and on her back a crocodile. A couchant lion faced the haunch, with a curi= ous composite animal underneath. (1902b1)

$H Astyages.    =

King of the Medes. He succeeded Astybares,= and reigned jointly with his son Apanda twenty years. (Ctesias.)(1876c1)=

$H Astybares.

King of the Medes. He succeeded Artines, a= nd reigned forty years. (Ctesias.) (1876c1)

$H Asur.

A Dedanite tribe who alone remained in Arabia when the Arkamites were expelled by the Jorhamites. They founded the district of Asur in S= outhern Arabia. (1876c1)

$H Asura.

Asura. "The living Spirit." The name of the Supreme Being among the Indians of Hindustan. It was probably the origin = of the Assur of the Assyrians. (1876c1)

$H Asuramedhas.

The Sanscrit form of the name of the good Supreme Deity of the Zendic faith, Ahuramazda or Ormuzd, which see. (1876= c1)

$H Asuu.      Egypt

The Egyptian name of an unidentified count= ry. (1876c1)

$H Asvahedhas.

The name of the noblest sacrifice to the S= upreme Deity in Vedic times. The victim was always a horse, as being the animal = most useful to man. This custom continued in Scandinavi= a to the advent of Christianity, and among the Scythian nations to a still = more recent period. (1876c1)

$H Asvarna. "The Sleepless."      Hindu

Asvarna. "The Sleepless." In Hindu mytholo= gy the name of the wicked spirits which surround and work evil to mankind. Their chiefs were named Bhuta, Basmagut, etc. They were also called Assur. (187= 6c1)

$H Asvins.      Hindu

In Vedic mythology the two deities of the morning and evening twilight. These Hindu gods were the origin of the Dioscuri of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Asychis.      Egypt

According to the Greek writers, a wise and beneficent king of Egypt who regulated the law of mortgages. He is supposed by some to have been Osirtasen III. under his divine name of Rashaken. (1876c1)

$H As. Rome

$H As. Egypt

$H As-Aan. "Abundance of Rain." Akkad

$H Asafai.

$H Asaminthos. Greek

$H Asbestus. = (See AMIANTUS.) (1883m1)

$H Ascendant. Heraldry

$H Ascia. Greek & Roman

$H Ascopera. = Greek & Roman

$H Ascolia, Ascolias. Greek & Roman

$H Ascus. An antique vase in the form of a hemisphere, having a ne= ck and a semicircular handle. It was supposed to resemble a wine‑skin = in shape, and was used to hold liquids. ILLUS. ascus (1891a1)

$H Asei. See Uashesha. (1876c1)

$H Aseiohiamenti. Egypt

$H Asen. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

$H Asenheim. <= /span> Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

$H Asennu. Egypt

$H Aser. Or Asez. Egypt

$H Asera. Etruria

$H Aserymus. <= /span>

$H Ases. Egypt

$H Asesa. Egypt

$H Aseskaf. Egypt

$H Aseskafankh. Egypt

$H Aseskara. <= /span> Egypt

$H Asgard. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

$H Asguza.

$H Ashariah. <= /span> Judah

$H Ashdod.

$H Asher. Egypt

$H Asher. Egypt

$H Asherru. Egypt

$H Ashlar, Achelor; also Astler, Estlar. Architecture

Ache= lor, Achlere, Ashlar. (Architecture) Hewn stone (1883m1= ).

$H Ashmunazeer.

$H Ashtarchemosh.

$H Asi. Egypt

$H Asia.

$H Asilla. Roman

$H Asinarii. =

$H Ask. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

$H Askh. Egypt

$H Askos. Greek & Roman [SEE ASCOS???]

$H Aslu, Kasbu, = or Casbu.

$H Asmatarta. Egypt

$H Asmir. Egypt

$H Asmun. Egypt

$H Asnappar. = Egypt

$H Asnefer. <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Egypt

$H Asnofre. <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Egypt

$H Asnunnak. <= /span>

$H Asoka. India

$H Asor.

$H Asovahisto. "The Pure Better One."

$H Asp.

$H Aspalut. Egypt

$H Aspastatauk.

$H Aspectant. Heraldry

$H Asperges, Asp= ergillum. Christian

$H Aspersed. = Heraldry

$H Aspersorium. Christian

$H Asphalt. <= /h1> A bituminous material used as mortar by certain Eastern peoples, and employed in our times as a covering for such surfaces as wal= ls, causeways, and roads. (1891a1)

$H Asphaltum.

$H Aspic.

$H Aspurta.

$H Asqalna. Egypt

$H Asra. Egypt

$H Asromiamun.

$H Ass. Christian

$H Ass, Festival of the. &n= bsp; Christian

$H Assa Egypt

$H Assan.

$H Assa-Tatkeres. Egypt

$H Assaya. Mesopotamia<= /st1:place>

$H Assemblage.

$H Asser. Roman

$H Assessors. Egypt

$H Asseth. Egypt

$H Assett. Old English

$H Asshurabamer. Assyria

$H Asshuradinna. Assyria

$H Ascus.

An antique vase in the form of a hemisphere, having a ne= ck and a semicircular handle. It was supposed to resemble a wine‑skin = in shape, and was used to hold liquids. ILLUS. ascus (1891a1)

$H Asphalt. <= /h1>

A bituminous material used as mortar by certain Eastern peoples, and employed in our times as a covering for such surfaces as wal= ls, causeways, and roads. (1891a1)