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$H Basa.
|
A priest and chief of an unascertained
Egyptian town. He was the son of the priest Ameneman=
t.
The period when he lived is unknown. (1876c1) |
<= o:p>
|
A hard compact stone of a greyish‑black hue, tinged
with copper colour, out of which the Egyptians carved statues and constru=
cted
palaces and temples.(1891a1) |
|
Basalt is a very har=
d stone,
much like lava in appearance, and black or green in =
colour,
used for statuary. The principal specimens are Egyptian and Grecian.(1883=
m1) |
|
|
|
Gr. (1) (Lat. lapis Lydius)
The touchstone; a dark‑coloured stone on
which gold leaves a peculiar mark. Hence (2) trial by torture. (3) A mili=
tary
engine, the form of which is not exactly known.(1883m1) |
|
R. A basket, introdu=
ced from
|
|
A light helmet, roun=
d or
conical, with a pointed apex, and fitting close to the head, mentioned in=
the
13th century.(1883m1) |
|
A helmet worn during the 14th century, spherical in shap=
e,
sometimes plain, sometimes fluted. The crest of the wearer was often plac=
ed
on the top. In warfare a helmet was worn over it. ILLUS. bascinet=
(1891a1)
|
|
O.E. (1) The counterpoise to a draw‑bridge. = (2) A kind of trap‑door. (A badge of the Her= bert family.)(1883m1) |
|
Base, Her. The lowest extremity.(1883m1) |
|
Base, Arch. The lowe=
r part
of a pillar, wall, &c.; the division of a column on which the shaft is
placed. The Grecian Doric order has no base. Fig. 69. Io=
nic
Base.(1883m1)
|
|
(Arch.) The sub‑basement of a building. This
projecting sub‑basement is often enriched with mouldings. In the
Arabian style the bases of columns generally consist of very simple
mouldings. ILLUS. base(1891a1)
|
|
A base consisting of two tori and a scotia. The attic base
possesses considerable elegance, and is used in the Ionic, Corinthian, and
Composite orders. ILLUS. baseatti(1891a1)
|
|
A base formed of two tori, one astr=
agal,
and two scot=
iae.(1891a1) |
|
A moulding forming a base, running the whole length of a
building and following the projection of the columns or pilasters which a=
dorn
a facade. ILLUS. basecont(1891a1)
|
|
A base consisting of two tori, two astragals, and two scotiae, frequently replaced by the Attic base
(q.v.).(1891a1) |
|
The moulding of a cornice which forms at the same time t=
he
base of a pediment.(1891a1) |
|
A base consisting of two fillets, a torus,
and a plinth. Though this base bears the name of Doric, it must be added =
that
it never occurs in ancient Greek buildings and is only characteristic of =
Roman Doric. Greek temples of the
Doric order are of great purity of line ‑ such as the Parthenon for=
instance
‑ and their columns, which are remarkable for the elegance of their
outline, have no other base than the flight of steps running round the
building.(1891a1) |
|
Gothic bases are very varied in form. In the very earlie=
st
period they are rude imitations of ancient bases. In the 10th century they
consisted of fillets and combinations of particular mouldings. In the 12th
century the space left between the circular torus and the square plin=
th was
filled by an ornament of foliage. In the 13th century this foliage orname=
nt
disappeared, the plinth became polygonal, and the torus sometimes projected
beyond it. In the 14th century the mouldings forming the base begin to lo=
se
their height and projection, and finally in the 15th century the principal
base is broken by the intersection of smaller bases. In the 16th century
before the revival of the ancient orders Roman and Gothic bases are mixed.
[Gothic.](1891a1) |
|
A base consisting of a torus=
and
two scotiae separated by many smaller
mouldings.(1891a1) |
|
The base of the columns of the Tuscan order. It consists=
of
a fillet, a torus, and a plinth. According to=
Vitruvius the height of Tuscan base ought to be equ=
al to
half its thickness. ILLUS. basetusc(1891a1)
|
|
In the military architecture of the Middle Ages this name
was given to the courts surrounded by towers and ramparts of defence.(189=
1a1) |
|
Fr. An ornamental sh=
ort
dagger, worn at the girdle; 15th century. With such a weapon the Lord May=
or
of |
|
A kind of embroidered
mantle, which hung down from the middle to about the knees, or lower; wor=
n by
knights on horseback. (Nares.)
(1883m1) |
$H Bashu.
|
The name of a town in |
|
Bishop of |
|
Gr. ($"F\8,4"[=3Dbasileia]). A f=
estival
instituted in honour of Jupiter Basileus. It was in commemoration of the victory which the Boeotians bad won at |
|
(Arch.) Among the Greeks and Romans the basilica was a
building with side aisles, a tribune, and an apse, where justice was
dispensed and public business transacted. The name was afterwards given to
Christian churches from the 4th to the 11th century, which were built with
some modification of detail on the plan of the ancient basilica. To‑=
;day
the word basilica is used to =
denote
Catholic cathedrals of vast dimensions without reference to the period of
their construction. The apsidal termination seen in many Gothic churches =
was
derived from the basilica. [Apse.] ILLUS. basilica(1891a1)
|
|
Basilica (sc. aula),=
Gr. and
R. (=
$"F4846¬[=3Dbasilike], sc. =
FJ@[=3Dstoa], i. e. royal hall). This term owes its original mean=
ing to
the fact that in
|
|
Gr. and R. (<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New =
Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f=
ont-family:
"WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>$"F48\<*"[=3Dbasilinda]). Li=
terally,
the game of the king; it was often played by Greek and Roman children. The
king was appointed by lot, the rest being his subjects, and bound to obey
him, during the game.(1883m1) |
|
A legendary creature said to have been hatched from the =
egg
of a hen thirty years old by a toad under water. It was of enormous size,
with the body of a cock, beaked and clawed with brass, and with a tail
consisting of three serpents armed with sharp points. It destroyed everyt=
hing
it glanced at, and could only be killed by gazing on its own reflection i=
n a
mirror, when it burst with rage. In early Christian art it is the symbol =
of
the Spirit of Evil.(1891a1) |
|
A fabulous animal, h=
aving
the body of a cock, beak and claws of brass, and a triple serpent tail. T=
he
emblem of the Spirit of Evil, In heraldry, a cockatrice having its tail
ending in a dragon's head. Fig. 72. Basilisk.(1883m1)
|
|
Gr. ($"F\8,4@<[=3Dbasileion]). A =
royal
diadem, of a very tall form, of Egyptian origin. Isis‑Fortuna is of=
ten
represented wearing the basilium on her head.(1883m1) |
|
In Christian art a basket is the attribute of several
saints: for instance, St. Dorothea is represented holding a basket of flo=
wers
and fruit.(1891a1) |
|
(Arch.) The part of the Corinthian capital to which the
acanthus leaves are applied. The term probably refers to the legend quoted
under Capital, Corinthian, an=
d is
sometimes justified by the ornamentation on the capital. ILLUS. basket(1891a1)
|
$H Basmagut. Hindu
|
In Hindu mythology an evil spirit who wrou=
ght
ill to mankind. He is said to have destroyed himself in his intense
wickedness. (1876c1) |
$H Basoui.=
|
An Egyptian priestly dress made out of a l=
arge
piece of white cloth, with a broad fringe along the outer hem. It is often
found accompanying the mummies of the XIXth
dynasty, and was sometimes sixteen feet long by two wide. It may have been
that which was called in the papyri the "Robe of Sanctification.&quo=
t;
(1876c1) |
|
Basons. Basons for eccles=
iastical
ceremonies, for collecting alms or for holding the sacramental vessels, w=
ere
a favourite subject for the goldsmith's art. =
Some
beautifully enamelled ba=
sons
of the 13th century represent subjects of hawking and hunting,
&c.(1883m1) |
|
Bason. A flat shallow vessel with a rim, used for vario=
us
domestic and ecclesiastical purposes. In churches it was used for collect=
ing
aims, for washing the hands of the priests, and for holding the sacred
vessels. Basons were made of various metals a=
nd
were often richly ornamented. ILLUS. bason(1891a1)
|
|
Bas‑relief, Ba=
sso‑relievo,
sculptured figures projecting less than half of their true proportions; Mezzo‑relievo projecting
exactly half; Alto‑relievo=
more
than half, from the ground upon which they are carved.(1883m1) |
|
Bas‑relief. (Sculp.) A
sculpture executed upon and attached to a flat or curved surface. Its
projection from this surface is less than that of the mezzo‑relievo=
or
the high‑relief. Pictorial or continuous subjects are best suited t=
o representation
in bas‑relief, and the finest extant specimen of this kind of sculp=
ture
is the frieze which ran round the cella of the
Parthenon, a large portion of which is now among the
|
|
Gr. (a fox, or fox=
8209;skin).
A long tunic of Lydian origin worn by the Maenads of Lydia and |
|
Bast. Or |
|
Bast. A solar goddess who represen=
ted
the gentle and useful heat of the sun, as opposed to Sekhet,
the fierce heat. She is represented cat-headed, holding in one hand a
|
|
R. A closed litter
appropriated especially to the use of ladies, as the Anthologra Latina says: "The gilded basterna<=
/span>
conceals the chaste matrons." It was carried by two mules harnessed =
in
shafts, one in front and one behind; the LECTICA (q.v.), on the contrary,=
was
carried by men. During the Middle Ages the same form of litter was a comm=
on
means of conveyance in England.(1883m1) |
|
A kind of palanquin in the form of a covered carriage bo=
rne
by two mules, one in front and one behind. It was chiefly used by women. =
Our
illustration in from a MS. of the 14th century in the
|
|
(Arch.) This term was formerly a synonym for bastille, but nowadays denotes the villa=
s and
country houses of the south of France.(1891a1) |
|
Bastile, Arch. An outwork placed so as to defend the
approach to a castle or fortified place. A famous Ba=
stile
which had been converted into a state prison was that of
|
|
Bastille. (Arch.) A name given in military architecture =
to
fortified constructions, either of wood or masonry, which contribute to t=
he
defence of strongholds. It is specially applied to the citadel erected in=
|
|
This
form of punishment was used for men, women, and children. Wall paintings =
show
the victim held by his arms and legs to the ground by two men.(1902b1) |
|
Mod. A projecting po=
lygonal
buttress on a fortification. The anterior portions of a bastion are the faces; the lateral portions, the=
flanks; the space comprised betw=
een
the two flanks, the gorge; an=
d the
part of the fortification connecting two bastions together, the curtain.(1883m1) |
|
(Arch.) An outwork placed at the angle of a fortified enceinte, presenting two faces a=
nd
forming a projecting rampart on the line of defence. ILLUS. bastion(1891a1)
|
|
Med. Lat. A bastion or bulwark.(1883m1) |
$H Bastpaduse. Another form of the Egyptian royal name
Petubastes, which see. (1876c1)