$H Boar. <= span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>

In Christian art the boar is symbolic of sensuality and gluttony.(1891a1)

In mediaeval art, emblem of ferocity and sensuality.= In heraldry the boar is called Sanglier. The military ensigns of the Gauls w= ere surmounted by figures of the wild boar. Figs. 89, 90. Boars. Gallic ensig= ns.(1883m1)

$H Board, Leather.

Board, in the paste of which scraps of leather are mixed= . It is used in the manufacture of ornaments which are moulded by a special process.(1891a1)

$H Boards.

A term applied to a method of book‑binding, in whi= ch the sides consist of a thin board covered with linen or paper.(1891a1)

$H Boaster.= Sculpture

(Sculp.) An instrument used = for working clay or wax. Boasters vary considerably in size and form. They generally consist of a short piece of iron, wood, or ivory, rounded and slightly curved at one end and flat at the other. ILLUS. boaster(1891a1)

$H Boats. Egypt

One of the most important trades of ancient Egypt was boat building. The river was their great highway of travel. Boats were, roughly speaking, of three kinds; light skiffs, that could be easily carried from one point to= another, and larger vessels for freight, and a grand= er kind corresponding to the modern dahabîya, or house-boat. The former were made of reeds bound tightly together and smea= red inside with pitch. Such a boat was Moses' "ark of bulrushes." These, as a rule, were only large enough to contain one or two people. Th= ey were punted with a pole, or propelled by a paddle. A papyrus boat was supposed to be a protection against crocodiles. The larger boats were bui= lt of wood - probably acacia - the masts were of fir imported from Syria, the sails were occasionally made of papyrus fibre, but probably also of linen= (see Ez. xxvii. 7). When the boat was that of a god or of a grandee, these were elaborately ornamented with painting or embroidery. Boats of this kind had spacious cabins gaily decorated. Some of them measured over 100 ft. in length, taking twenty-two rowers a side when coming down stream. The stee= ring gear was of the most primitive kind, consisting merely of one or two enor= mous oars or paddles. The only sails represented are square. There are many pictures of boats on the tomb and temple walls. (See BARKS.)(1902b1)

$H Bocchoris. Egypt

Bocchoris. <= span lang=3DEN-GB>The Greek name given by Manetho to Bak-en-ren-f, a Saïte king of the XXIVth Dynasty, who, it appears, was scarcely independent of the Ethiopian kings.(1902b1)

Bocchoris. S= urnamed The Wise. The Greek form of = the Egyptian royal name Bakenranf, which see. (1876c1)

$H Boclerus. Mediaeval

Med. Lat. A buckler;= 14th century. The word is derived from the German Bock, a goat. Compare AEGIS.(1883m1)

$H Bodagl.=

An Amalekite t= ribe settled in the district of Yathrib in Arabia. (1876c1)

$H Bodastoreth I.= Tyre

King of Tyre, one of the successor= s of Pümelion. He is only known from a notice on a = Phenician inscription. (1876c1)

$H Bodastoreth II. Tyre

The son and successor of Bodastoreth I., king of Tyre= . He was on friendly terms with a local king of Sidon, wh= ose name is not known. (1876c1)

$H Bodkin.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

Saxon. A dagger, a h= air‑pin, a blunt flat needle. "With bodkins was Caesar Julius Murdred at Rome, of Brutus, Cassius." (The Serpent of Division, 1590.) "He pulls her bodkin that is tied in a piece of black ribbon." = (The Parson's Wedding, 1663.) The Latin name for this classical head‑dr= ess was acus= .(1883m1)

A large pin, several inches in length, of gold, silver, ivory, or wood, which Greek women used to pass through their hair at the = back when it was plaited and turned up. The head of the bodkin was often elaborately ornamented, sometimes even with sculptured figures. ILLUS. bodkin(1891a1)

$H Body Colour or Body-colour.    Painting

Body Colour. In speaking of oil colours the term applies to their solidity, or degree of opacity; water‑co= lour painting is said to be in body colours when t= he pigments are laid on thickly, or mixed with white, as in oil painting.(18= 83m1)

Body-colour. (Paint.) Water‑colour drawings are sa= id to be executed in body‑colour when the colour is laid on thick and mixed with Chinese white, in contradistinction to the older method of wat= er‑colour, in which the colours are laid on in transparent washes. Generally speakin= g a colour is said to have body w= hen it possesses the quality of covering the canvas when thickly laid on.(1891a1= )

$H Boedromia.    Graeco-= Roman

Boedromia, Gr. and R. A festival instituted in honour of Apollo the Helper ‑ $@0*D`:@H[=3Dboedromos]. It = was held at Athens on the sixth day of September, a month thence called Boedromion.(1883m1)<= /o:p>

$H Boethos.

The Greek form of the name Butau, which see. (1876c1)

$H Bohemian Glass.

The manufacture of a pure crystal glass well adapt= ed for engraving became an important industry in Germany about the year 1600, and the art of engraving was admirably developed during the century. Of Johan= n Schapper, especially, Jacquema= rt says that he produced "subjects and arabesques of such delicacy of execution that at first sight they seemed merely like a cloud on the glass."(1883m1)

$H Bohordamentum.    Mediaeval

Med. Lat. A joust with mock lances called "bouhours."(1883m1)

$H Bojae.

R. (bos, an ox). (1) A heavy = collar of wood or iron for dangerous dogs. (2) A similar collar placed round the necks of criminals or slaves.(1883m1)

$H Boktnassar.

The Arabian form of the Chaldean royal name Nabukuduruzur. (1876c1)=

$H Boldness.

That quality of confidence and fearlessness which characterises the work of an artist who is thoroughly master of his art a= nd of the material in which he works. It is at the opposite pole from tameness.(1891a1)

$H Bole, Armenian.     Gilding

(Gild.) An oily earth of a red colour found in Burgundy and in the neighbourhood of Paris. It enters into the composition= of the material which forms the ground on objects which are to be regilt.(1891a1)

$H Boletar.    Roman

R. A dish on which m= ushrooms (boleti<= /span>) were served, and thence transferred to dishes of various forms.(1883m1)

$H Bolevardus.    Mediaeval

Med. Lat. A boulevard or rampart.(1883m1)

$H Bolt.

A flat‑headed arrow. ILLUS. bolt(1891a1)

$H Boltant.    Heraldry

(Her.) Springing forward.(1891a1)

$H Boltell [See Bottle.= ]

$H Bombard.    <= span style=3D'mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;layout-grid-mode:both= '>

Bombard. O.E. A mach= ine for projecting stones or iron balls; the precursor of the cannon. First used = in the 14th century.(1883m1)

$H Bombards.    Costume

Bombards. O.E. Padded breeches. In Elizabeth's reign the breeches, then = called BOMBARDS, were stuffed so wide that a gallery or scaffold was erected to accommodate members of Parliament who wore them. The engraving shows Jame= s I. (painted 1614) attired for hawking. (Fig. 91.) Fig. 91. Bombards worn by King Ja= mes I. of England.(1883m1)<= /o:p>

$H Bombax.    Old English

O.E. The stuff now c= alled Bombasin. "A sort of fine silk or cotton cloth= well known upon the continent during the 13th century." (Strutt.)(1883m1)

$H Bombé.=

Fr. Curved furniture, introduced in the 18th century.(1883m1)

$H Bombulom or Bunibulum.    Old English

O.E. (from the Greek= $`:$@H[=3Dbombos], a holl= ow deep sound). A musical instrument consisting of an angular frame with metal plates, which sounded when shaken like the sistrum of the Egyptians.(1883m1)

$H Bombylê or Bombylios or Bombylos.

Bombylos and Bombylê. Gr. and R. A vase so called from the gurgling noise which the liquid makes in pouring out through its narrow neck.(1883m1)

Bombylios. An antique vase of sm= all dimensions, which in shape suggests the cocoon of a silkworm, but is more elongated. Vases of this shape were sometimes made in ancient times with = so narrow an orifice that the liquid could only escape a drop at a time. ILLUS. bomb= ylio(1891a1)

$H Bond.    Archietcture

(Arch.) A term employed to denote the way in which brick= s or stones are arranged. The two bonds generally used are English Bond and Flem= ish Bond. In the former the courses are laid alternately, consisting one = of headers the other of stretchers; in the latter all the courses are alike = and are made up of alternate headers and stretchers.(1891a1)

$H Bonder.     Architecture

(Arch.) A stone or brick placed in a wall so that its shorter face, i.e. one of its= ends, is alone apparent. ILLUS. bonder(1891a1)

$H Bone‑black or Bone Black.

Bone‑black. A black pigment obtained by burning bo= ne in close vessels, kept from contact with the air.(1891a1)

Bone Black. (See IVORY BLACK.) =3D Ivory Black. A pigment prepared by heating ivory shavings in an iron cylinder; when from bone, it is called bone black (q.v.). The real ivory black is a fine, transparent, deep‑= ;toned pigment, extremely valuable in oil and water‑c= olour painting. The bone black (com= monly sold as ivory black) is much browner.(1883m1)

$H Book.    Mediaeval

In Christian art the book is the symbol of learning, knowledge, and intelligence. It is therefore an attribute of the evangeli= sts, apostles, bishops, and fathers. When the Holy Ghost is represented as a m= an he carries an open book, the tables of the law.(1891a1)=

In mediaeval art an attribute of the fathers of the Church; in the hands of evangelists and apostles it represents the Gospel. St. Boniface carries a book pierced wi= th a sword. St. Stephen, St. Catherine, St. Bonaventura, and St. Thomas Aquinas also carry books.(1883m1)

$H Book of the Dead.    Egypt

Book of the Dead: a collection of magical spells intended to help the dead man in his passa= ge through the netherworld. (1894e1)

The name given to Pert em hru, which may be translated, "coming forth by day," or "manifested in the light." It has also b= een called the "Funeral Ritual," and more fancifully and ignorantly, the Egyptian Bible. It has been found in many papyri, and chapters from it are inscribed on the walls of tombs and pyramids, and on sarcophagi and m= ummy wrappings. No one copy contains all the chapters (about 200), and in no c= ase is the same sequence observed all through. The chapters "are as inde= pendent of one another as the Hebrew Psalms," and like them, were composed at different times. The longest known copy is in a Turin papyrus, which contains 165 cha= pters. The difficulties of translating the work are immense, for even in the ear= ly times the text had become corrupt, and the constant copying of it by the uninitiated had rendered it most obscure. This is increased by the fact t= hat the work is mythological throughout, and assumes the knowledge of all cur= rent myths on the part of the reader. The lofty ideas set forth in some chapte= rs seem to stand out in great contrast with the apparently gross conceptions found in others; but in the latter case some esoteric meaning may be imagined, of which the key is lost.

"The Beatification of the Dead is the main subject of every chapter." The deceased was supposed to recite the chapters in order = that he might gain power and enjoy the privileges of his new life. His desire = was to have all the powers he had lost at death restored to him. Of punishment almost nothing is said. The highest bliss was to be identified with the g= ods, and to have the power of transforming himself into anything he pleased.

Among the principal gods mentioned are Ra, Se= b, Nut, Osiris, Isis, Horus, Set, Nephthys, Ptah, Thoth, Khnemu, and Tum. The Th= eban gods are conspicuous by their absence.

The oldest papyrus copy of the work is of the XVIIIth Dynasty. The earlier copies are not so copiously illustrated as l= ater ones, the vignettes gradually becoming of more and more importance. They = are in many cases brilliantly coloured. Most of the versions agree in saying = that the oldest chapter is the sixty-fourth, the Turin papyrus adding that it was disc= overed by a son of Khufu, of the IVth Dynasty; another text ascribes it to the I= st Dynasty. It is called "The chapter of coming forth by day in the underworld." Other chapters are called, "of coming forth by day= and living after death"; "of driving away shame from the heart of t= he deceased"; "a hymn of praise to Ra when he setteth in the land = of life;" "of bringing words of magical power to the deceased in t= he underworld"; "of not dying a second time"; "of giving= air in the underworld"; "of changing into whatsoever form he pleaseth"; "of making the soul to be united to its body"; "of knowing the souls of the west''; "of making a man go into heaven to the side of Ra." There are directions that certain chapters shall be written on certain amulets. The most valuable English translatio= ns are those by Sir P. le P. Renouf, in the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, vols. xiv., xv., xvi., &c., and by E. W. Budge.= (1902b1)

$H Border.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

(1) An engraved design illustrating a book, within which= a white or empty space, defined by a regular or irregular outline, is left = to receive the text.(1891a1)

(2) A flat or convex moulding, either simple or ornament= ed, which forms the frame of a picture. The name is also given to the systems= of decoration which run round the edge of carpets, tapestry, hangings, pavements, &c., and form a frame for panels, mosaics, &c. = 2 ILLUS. border2a, border2b(1891a1)

       &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        =

$H Bordering Wax.     Engraving

(Engrav.) Green or moulding = wax which engravers use as a border to their plates, thus transforming them i= nto a bath. Bordering wax is awkward to handle, as it is glutinous and sticks= to the fingers when it is too soft. It is made into small sticks, which are flattened by the thumb, and placed vertically along the copper‑plat= e so as to form a ledge. A key or piece of hot iron is then passed over the wa= x, which causes it to melt, and thus closes up all the interstices by which = the acid might escape.(1891a1)

$H Bordure.=     Heraldry

Her. A border to a shield.(1883m1)

(Her.) A belt at least one‑sixth the size of the shield, which it completely surrounds. The bordure is a mark of difference of a younger son. Bordures compony= (q.v.) indicate the number of y= ounger sons there are in a family. ILLUS. bordure(1891a1)

$H Boreasmos.    Greek

Gr. A festival held at Athens in honour= of Boreas, the god of the north wind.(1883m1)=

$H Borsippa.      Babylonia

The name of a Babylonian city, meaning eit= her "The Town of the Root of Languages," or "The Town of the Dispersion of Tribes." (1876c1)

The name of a great temple in seven sphere= s, which was called also Val-saggatu. It was bui= lt by Nebuchadnezzar on the site of an earlier building which the Babylonians believed to have been the traditional tower of Babel. See also - B= ouer (1876c1)

$H Borto or Burdo.    Mediaeval

Med. Lat. A lance.(1883m1)

$H Boss.

The centre of a shie= ld; also an architectural ornament for ceilings, put where the ribs of a vault mee= t, or in other situations.(1883m1)

(Arch.) A richly sculptured stud employed to ornament do= ors, &c. Bosses sometimes have a structural purpose, sometimes they are me= rely decorative. The bosses on the door of the Pantheon at Rome are especially famous. The term = is also applied to metal nails placed as ornaments on boxes, leather belts, &c.

It denotes in addition = the rosettes or other ornaments placed at the intersection of the ribs of a vault. In the 13th century they were simply rosettes or geometric pattern= s; in the 14th century they became much larger in size; and were superseded = in the 15th and 16th centuries by flat rosettes, pierced and bordered with ornaments. Sometimes we find pendants in the place of bosses. The lower surface of the pendant projects below the spring of the vault, and is generally terminated by an ornament in the form of an agrafe. In buildings of the Gothic style these bosses, which are really pendants placed at the key of the vault, are ornamented with rosettes and foliage,= and are often of considerable dimensions. The term boss in armour denotes the stud or projecting ornament in the centre of a shield or buckler. 5 ILLUS. boss1, boss2, boss3, boss4, boss5(1891a1)

       &nbs= p;               &nbs= p;

       &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        =

$H Bossage.     Architecture

(Arch.) A term applied to masonry, in which the angles of the stones are cut off obliquely, so that when they are laid side by side= a space is left between them, which gives them an appearance of projecting.(1891a1)

Arch. An arrangement of plain or ornamental projecti= ons on the surface of a wall of dressed masonry. Figs. 92 and 93 represent two G= reek walls finished in this manner. Fig. 92. Greek Bossage. Fig. 93. Bossage.(1883m1)

       &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           <= /o:p>

$H Bos= ton.    Old English

O.E. A flower so called.(1883m1)

$H Botéga.

It. A manufactory or artist's workshop where potte= ry is made.(1883m1)

$H Botonée, Fitchée.    Heraldry

Her. Varieties of the heraldic cross, called also treflée. (Fig. 94.) Fig. 94. Botonée Fitchée.(1883m1)

$H Böttcher or Bottcher= Ware.    Pottery

Böttcher Ware. (Pot.) A kind of pottery of red unglazed clay, polished with a lathe. It was first manufactured in 1709 by Böttcher, an alc= hemist who was occupied in searching for gold. Böttche= r also made the first white porcelain manufactured in Germany.(1891a1)=

Bottcher Ware. Early Dresden pottery. (1) A very hard red stoneware, made of a red clay of Okrilla, invented at Meissen by John Frederick Bottcher. (2) Porcelain. Bottcher, finding his wig very heavy one day, examined the powder upon it, and discovered it to be the f= ine kaolin of Aue, from which the Dresden (o= r Meissen) china i= s made. Boucher's first object was to obtain a paste as white and as perfect as t= hat of the COREA; he succeeded at his first trial, and produced pieces with archaic decoration so perfectly imitated, that one would hesitate to decl= are them European. Fig. 95. Coffee‑pot of Bottcher Ware.(1883m1)

$H Bottega.

An Italian word, literally meaning "a shop," b= ut generally applied to the place where Italian artists used to paint their pictures and expose them for sale, as well as instruct their pupils.(1891= a1)

$H Botteroll.    Heraldry

(Her.) The piece of iron with which the bottom of a scab= bard is shod, used as a charge in heraldry. ILLUS. botterol= (1891a1)

$H Bottle or Boutell or= Bowtell or Boltell.    Architecture

(Arch.) An old term denoting a round moulding or bead.(1891a1)

Arch. An old English= term for a bead moulding; also for small shafts of clustered columns resting against the pillars of a nave, in the Romano= 209;Byzantine and Gothic periods. These shafts spring from the ground and rise to the height of the bend of the roof, the diagonal ribs of which they recei= ve on coupled columns. Probably from bolt, an arrow. Fig. 96. Bottle‑mouldings.(1883m1)<= /o:p>

$H Bottony.     Heraldry

(Her.) A term applied to a cross, the extremities of whi= ch end in trefoils or buds.(1891a1)

$H Boudoir.

A name given to a small room decorated in an elegant and refined manner, where a lady receives her most intimate friends.(1891a1)<= o:p>

$H Bouer.      Egypt

A scribe of the royal archers of an Egypti= an king. Period uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Bougets or Water Bougets.

Bougets or Water Bougets, Fr., were pouches of leath= er, which were used by the Crusaders for carrying water in the deserts. Fig. = 97 is a heraldic representation of the coat of arms of De Ros. Fig. 9= 7. Water Bouget.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

$H Boule.

A peculiar kind of <= span class=3DSpellE>marquetry, composed of tortoise‑shell and thin brass, to which are sometimes added ivory and enamel= led metal. Named from its inventor, André Charles Boule, born 1642.(1883m1)

$H Boulé, Bouleuterion.    Greek

Gr. An assembly comp= osed of the foremost men of the nation. It was a kind of senate or higher council which deliberated on the affairs of the republic. The popular assembly, on the other hand, composed of all the males of free birth, was called agora, and was held in a place c= alled by the same name. (See AGORA.)(1883m1)

$H Boulevard= . <= span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>

Originally an earth‑work fortification, but in the present day an avenue or walk planted with trees.(1891a1)

$H Boulting‑mill.=

A mill for winnowing= the flour from the bran (crusca); the device of the Acade= my of La Crusca. (See CRUSCA.)(1883m1)

$H Bourdon.

A tall staff, on which pilgrims are often represented as leaning. The scrip and purse were sometimes suspended from it.(1891a1)

A pilgrim's staff. O= n the walls of Hôtel Clu= ny, at Paris, the pilgrim's bourdon and cockle&= #8209;shells are sculptured. Piers Plowman describes a pilgrim's &quo= t;burdoun= y‑bounde With a broad liste, in a withwynde wise Y‑w= ounden about."(1883m1)

$H Bourginot.

A close helmet of the 15th century, first used in Burgundy.(1883m1)

$H Bourgogne, Point de.

Bourgogne, Point de, is a beautifully fine and well&= #8209;finished pillow lace resembling old M= echlin. No record remains of its manufacture. (Fig. 98.) Fig. 98. Bourgogne Point La= ce.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

$H Bourse.     Architecture

(Arch.) A name given to buildings containing large halls= in which financial business is carried on.(1891a1)

$H Boutell.    [See Bottle.]

$H Bouto.      Egypt

The Greek name of the city and nome of Chrud-Pehu, in = Lower Egypt. See also BUTO.

$H Bovile.    (See BUBILE.) (1883m1)

$H Bow.    Weapon; Architecture

Bow. Represented in = the most ancient monuments. In classical art an attribute of Apollo, Cupid, Diana, Hercules, and the Centaurs.(1883m1)

. It was made of a round piece of wood, from 5 to 5 1/2 ft. in lengt= h, either almost straight, or curved in at the centre. A groove or notch at = each end received the string, or else it was fixed to a projecting piece of ho= rn. The bow-string was of hide, catgut, or string. On the monuments the arche= rs are represented drawing the bow in two different ways, either to the brea= st, or in the much more effective way, when the bow is held so high that the arrow-line is level with the eye. (See ARROWS.)(1902b1)

As a weapon of defence the bow has been used from the remotest times and by all nations. Our illustrations represent the Egypti= an bow (1), the Greek (2), the Roman (3), and the Phrygian (4), which is alm= ost crescent‑shaped. The bow was of immense importance in England from the 12th centu= ry onwards. The most fully developed form of it, the long bow, was of yew or ash, and six feet in length. It shot an arrow a yard long, and was a dead= ly weapon in the hands of the English yeomen. The bow was an attribute of Apollo, Artemis, and Cupid in classical art, while in Christian art the b= ow and arrows symbolise the martyrdom of St. Sebastian. ILLUS. bow(1891a1)

Bow, Arch., O.E. A flying buttress, or arch‑= buttress.(1883m1)

(Arch.) An old term for an arch or an arched gateway. On= e of the gates at Lincoln is still called "Stone Bow."(1891a1)

$H Bowed.     Heraldry

Her. Having a convex contour.(1883m1)

(Her.) A term applied to serpents coiled up, with their heads coming through the folds.(1891a1)

$H Bow‑drill.

A tool, which consists of a shank of steel, furnished wi= th a handle at one end. It is bent in the form of an arc by a piece of catgut.= By drawing the bow backwards and forwards, a circular movement is communicat= ed to the drill. The bow‑drill is employed in all kinds of locksmith's work, but sculptors in stone, marble, and wood also find it of considerab= le use. ILLUS. bowdrill(1891a1)

$H Bower or Bowre.    Old English

O.E. The Anglo‑= ;Saxon name for a bed‑chamber, "bird in bure" =3D a lady in her chamber. = The bed‑chambers were separate buildings grouped round or near the central hall. &quo= t;Up then rose fair Annet's father, Twa hours or it wer day, And he is gane into the bower Wherein fair <= span class=3DSpellE>Annet lay." (Percy Ballads.)(1883m1)

$H Bowl. <= span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>

(Pot.) A round vase, without a rim and without projecting handles. The bowls of China and Japan, which are sometimes very large in size, are often placed upon pedestals of wood or mounted upon bronze. ILLUS. bowl(1891a1)

--- $H Bowls of metal.  &nbs= p;

Bowls of metal, gene= rally bronze or copper, found in early Anglo‑Saxon barrows or graves, are probably of Roman workmanship. Some beautiful buckets (A. S. bucas) = were made of wood, generally of ash, whence they had another name aesen. = They are ornamented with designs, and figures of animals, and were probably used at festivities to contain ale or mead.(1883m1)

$H Bowtell or Boutell. (See BOTTLE.)    (1883m1)

$H Bow Window.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>    Architecture

(Arch.) A projecting window which differs from a bay win= dow (q.v.) in being circular or segmental.(1891a1)

$H Box, Colour.     Painting

(Paint.) A box of oil‑colours is generally almost square and divided into compartments, in which are placed brushes, a maulstick in three pieces, tubes of colour, and bottles of oil with screw= ‑tops. It contains also a palette and some panels of thin wood, on which to fix drawing paper for making sketches from nature.(1891a1)<= /p>

--- $H Box, Studio.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>    Painting

(Paint.) A table withdrawers, the upper part of which fo= rms a box in which colours, brushes, &c., are kept.(1891a1)

$H Boxwood.=     Engraving

(Engrav.) The box is a tree = (Buxus sempervirens), this wood of which is very hard and has a close and equal grain. It is of= a bright yellow colour, and its stem is richly veined and in great demand f= or artistic purposes. In wood‑engraving small blocks of box are used e= qual in height to printers' types. In engravings of large dimensions these sma= ll blocks are fastened together by means of sizing and are held secure by screws. They may be separated at will, if, as is the case with large wood= ‑cuts intended for illustrated papers, it is necessary, in order to expedite the work, to distribute the small blocks among different engravers. All that = is necessary when the blocks are finally joined together is to add a few tou= ches to make the different parts of the engraving harmonise. Some box‑tr= ees are found in the Jura, but it is from the Eas= t that we obtain most of the boxwood used by engravers.(1891a1)

<= o:p>

$H Bozrah.=

An Edomite cit= y near Jebel, now called El Bus= aireh. It must not be confounded with the Bozrah of = the Hauran, which is also mentioned by Hebrew writers. (1876c1)

<= o:p>