$H Capa. Assyria
|
An Assyrian city which revolted to Assurdan, and was reconquered<=
/span>
by Samas-Rimmon. (1876c1) |
<= o:p>
$H Cap‑a‑pie
or Cap‑à‑pie.<=
span
lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
|
Cap‑a‑pie (Fr.).
In full armour, from head to foot.(1883m1) |
|
Cap‑à‑pie.
(Her.) Said of a knight armed head to foot.(1891a1) |
|
Cap-a-pie. (Fr.)
Literally, "armed from head to foot." (1855f1) |
$H Caparison.
|
The complete trappin=
gs of a
warhorse.(1883m1) |
|
Armour or richly embroidered stuff with which horses were
covered in the Middle Ages at the Renaissance.(1891a1) |
|
Caparison. The complete trappings of a war-horse=
. (1855f1) |
$H Capellina. Mediaeval
|
Capellina. Med. Lat.=
The chapeline or small CHAPEL DE FER.(1883m1) |
$H Capellum. Mediaeval
|
Capellum. Med. Lat. A
scabbard (not the hilt of a s=
word).(1883m1) |
$H = Capellus ferreus. (See CHAPEL DE F= ER.) (1883m1)
$H Capillamentum. Roman
|
Capillamentum. R. A = wig of false hair, in which the hair was long and abundant. (See COMA.)(1883m1)<= o:p> |
$H Capillus.
|
Capillus (from =
caput,
the head). Hair; the hair of the head in general. (See COMA.)(1883m1) |
$H Capis. Rome
|
Capis. R. A kind of
earthenware jug, with a handle. Vessels of this kind were used in sacrifi=
ces,
and the capi=
s
is often found represented on medals. Other names for it were capedo,=
capeduncula,
and capula.(1883m1) |
$H Capiscane. Persia
|
Capiscane=
. A fortress in |
$H Capisterium.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
Capisterium (deriv. from F6VN0[=3Dskaphe] or F6VN@H[=3Dskaphos], i.e. =
that which
is scooped out). A vessel resembling the alveus, or wooden trough,=
and
which was employed for cleansing the ears of corn after they had been
threshed and winnowed.(1883m1) |
$H Capistrum.
|
Capistrum (from capio, i.e. that which takes or holds). (1) A halter or head=
‑stall.
(2) A rope employed =
for
suspending the end of the beam in a wine‑press. (3) A muzzle made to=
prevent
young animals from sucking after they have been weaned. (4) A broad leather =
band or
cheek‑piece worn by flute‑players. It had an opening for the
mouth to blow through.(1883m1) |
$H Capita aut Navia.
|
Capita aut Navia (li=
t. heads or ships; of coins having =
the
head of Janu=
s
on one side and a ship on the reverse). A game of "heads or tails&qu=
ot;
played by the Romans and Greeks.(1883m1) |
$H Capital.
|
Capital (caput, a head). A strip of cloth=
worn
round the head, in primitive times, by Roman women, to keep in their hair.
Later on it was worn only by women attached to the service of religion. (=
See
CAPITULUM.)(1883m1) |
|
Capital. (1) An orn=
amental
letter of a large size, beginning the first word of a chapter. In éditions de luxe=
capitals are generally decorated with scrolls and figures. In ancient
manuscripts they were often red or illuminated in the most brilliant colo=
urs.
They sometimes encroached upon the margin and even the text of a page. ILLUS. capit1al(1891a1)
|
|
(2) (Arch.) An ornament consisting of various projecting
mouldings, placed at the summit of a column, pillar, or pilaster.(1891a1)=
|
|
Capital. A te= rm which denotes the member of architecture crowning the top of a column, pillar, = or pilaster. Figs. 133 and 134 represent cushion capitals of the Romano̴= 9;Byzantine epoch. Orders of Architecture are known by their Capitals. (See COMPOSITE, CORINTHIAN, DORIC, IONIC, and TUSCAN.) Fig. 133. Capital. Fig. 134. Capital.(1883m1)
|
|
Capital. The ornamental summit of a column. See ACANTHUS. The earliest ornamental form is exhibited in our cut on p. 3, as used by ancient Egyptian architects, who also adopted the lotus flower, a= nd the head of the goddess Isis to decorate capitals. The Roman architects confined themselves to five: the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. (1855f1) |
![](3D"cap_files/image047.gif")
![](3D"cap_files/image048.gif")
![](3D"cap_files/image049.gif")
--- $H
Capital, Angular.
|
A capital placed at the angle of a pilaster supporting an
entablature. ILLUS. capit1a=
n(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image050.gif")
--- $H Capital,
Byzantine.
|
The capitals in the early times of Byzantine Art were ve=
ry
simple in form, and were sometimes decorated with palm leaves, flowers and
wreaths. The capitals of the decadence, on the other hand, were decorated
with purely geometrical systems of ornament, consisting of combinations of
straight lines and curves. Finally some Byzantine capitals present exampl=
es
of volutes ornamented with rosettes. But as a rule the sculptured ornamen=
t is
in very low relief and sometimes the abacus is bevelled.(1891a1) |
--- $H
Capital, Composite.
|
A Corinthian capital with highly developed volutes, which
closely resemble those of the Ionic capital, with this difference, howeve=
r,
that the four sides of the capital are absolutely symmetrical. There are =
very
varied types of this capital, which was held in high esteem by the archit=
ects
of the Italian Renaissance. ILLUS. capit2co(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image051.gif")
--- $H
Capital, Corinthian.
|
Corinthian capitals are the richest of the pure orders,
their characteristic being rows of acanthus leaves placed one upon the ot=
her
with volutes above them at each corner supporting the projecting abacus. =
The
latter is not square but hollowed out, so as to describe a concave curve.
There is in existence a great variety of Corinthian capitals, the handiwo=
rk
not only of Greek and Roman artists, but also of the architects of the
Renaissance and the present day, as the Corinthian order is the one which=
has
been most frequently employed in the decoration of modern buildings. Gene=
rally
speaking, Greek Corinthian capitals are more decorative than Roman, and at
the same time exhibit a remarkable amplitude of
line. 2 ILLUS. capit3c=
1,
capit3c2(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image052.gif")
![](3D"cap_files/image053.gif")
--- $H Capital,
Doric.
|
The Greek Doric capital, which is the simplest of the
classical orders, consists of an =
abacus,
an echinus and annulets, just above the neck of the shaft. In Roman buildings
the echinus is replaced by an ovolo moulding,=
an
ogee is added to the abacus, a cy=
matium
and fillet is sometimes substituted for the simple form of the abacus whi=
le
the delicate annulets which separate the echinus from the neck of the sha=
ft
are changed to astragals. The=
se
modifications render the Roman Doric capital far less graceful than the
Greek, which should always be regarded as the true type. The total height=
of
the Doric capital should be equal to the length of the radius of the base=
of
the column. 2 ILLUS. capit4d=
1,
capit4d2(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image054.gif")
![](3D"cap_files/image055.gif")
--- $H
Capital, Egyptian.
|
The principal forms of capitals in the Egyptian style ar=
e a
simple cube without mouldings, or a splayed vase or bell. They are decora=
ted
with systems of ornament, sculptured and painted in bright colours,
representing lotus flowers or hieratic figures or cartouches with
hieroglyphic inscriptions. ILLUS. capit5eg(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image056.gif")
--- $H
Capital, Indian.
|
The system of ornament on Indian
capitals is of extraordinary richness and variety. They can, however, |
--- $H
Capital, Ionic.
|
This capital is characterised by spiral volutes placed
underneath the abacus. The profile of the Greek Ionic capital is far more
delicate than that of the Roman Ionic. The latter is overcharged with det=
ails
of ornament. The Renaissance as well as the 17th and 18th centuries produ=
ced
some fine examples of the Ionic capital, especially from the point of vie=
w of
profusion of sculptured ornaments. Among the theories of the origin of
volutes, attention should be called to that which compares them to the fo=
lds
of a cushion interposed between the shaft of the column and the abacus, a
theory which is precisely justified by the lateral appearance of the volu=
tes.
3 ILLUS. capit6i1, capit6i2, capit=
6i3(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image057.gif")
![](3D"cap_files/image058.gif")
![](3D"cap_files/image059.gif")
--- $H Capital,
Latin.
|
The capitals of Christian basilicae=
from the 8th to the 10th century are generally only heavy, clumsy imitati=
ons
of ancient capitals, and are often decorated with palm‑leaves or ot=
her
ornaments careless in execution and barbarous in design. (1891a1) |
--- $H Capital,
Moorish.=
|
Capitals of the Moorish or Arabian style are generally c=
ubic
in form and are connected by rounded curves with the cylindrical shaft of=
the
column. They are ornamented with astragals and surmounted by an abacus, w=
hile
their surface is decorated with systems of ornament consisting of floral =
and
geometrical designs. ILLUS. capit7mo(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image060.gif")
--- $H Capital,
Neo‑Greek.
|
A capital of a column or pilaster conceived in a style of
architecture of modern origin, which consists chiefly in cutting off the
mouldings sharp and decorating the flat surface thus obtained with floral
ornaments thinly incised. ILLUS. capit7ne(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image061.gif")
--- $H Capital,
Persian.=
|
The point of support in capitals of the Persian style
generally takes the form of the heads of horses, unicorns, or bulls
terminated in volutes and surmounting cylindrical and fluted shafts. ILLUS. capit7pe(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image062.gif")
$H --- Capital,
Pointed.
|
The capitals which surmount the pillars in buildings of =
the
Pointed style are rather projecting copings reaching to the spring of the
arch and corresponding to the projection of the columns, than capitals
properly so‑called. In the 12th century they consisted of rows of b=
uds,
which developed by degrees into crockets and reached their full expansion=
in
the 14th century. In the 14th century capitals were of so little importan=
ce
as to be hardly distinguishable; in the middle of the 15th century the ca=
pital
disappeared altogether, the ribs of the arch being carried on to the pill=
ars
without any break in the continuity. The most marked characteristic of the
capitals of the Pointed style is the execution of the foliage, which is n=
ever
conventional, but as close a reproduction as possible of the object chosen
for representation, and in nearly every case drawn from the flora of the
locality. 2 ILLUS. capit8p=
1,
capit8p2(1891a1) |
![](3D"cap_files/image063.gif")
![](3D"cap_files/image064.gif")
--- $H Capital,
Renaissance.
|
All the capitals used at the period of the Renaissance a=
re
borrowed from the ancient orders, but with modifications of proportion and
detail which give them a special character. They are as a rule more richly
decorated with sculptured ornaments than their prototypes.(1891a1) |
--- $H Capital,
Romanesque.
|
The Romanesque capitals of the 11th century are splayed =
in
form and sometimes surmounted by a double abacus and embellished with
ornaments. In the 12th century capitals were decorated with foliage and
became more graceful in profile. Some capitals of this period are simply =
corbels, others are decorated with grotesque and sym=
bolic
figures, generally surmounted with twisted foliage or volutes. 3 <=
span
lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New R=
oman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-no-proof:no'>ILLUS. capit9r1, capit9r2, capit=
9r3(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image065.gif")
![](3D"cap_files/image066.gif")
![](3D"cap_files/image067.gif")
--- $H Capital,
Tuscan.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
This capital is nothing more than a Doric capital stripp=
ed
of a great deal of its grace. It consists of an ovol=
o
moulding, an abacus and an astragal separating the capital from the shaft=
of
the column. In spite of its inelegance it has been frequently used by some
architects of the Renaissance.(1891a1) |
$H Capitellum. (See CAPITULUM.) (1883m1)
$H Capitium.
An article of female=
dress;
a kind of corset or bodice.(1883m1)
$H Capitolium.
Capitolium (i.e. the place of the caput; because a human head was supposed to have been discove=
red
in digging the foundations). The Capitol, or
enclosure containing the temple raised in honour of
Jupiter. The first Capitol of Rome was built on the =
Mons Capitolinus or Capitolium. The chief cit=
ies of
Italy
$H Capo di Monte.
Capo di Monte. Naples
$H Cap
of Maintenance. Heraldry
Cap of
Maintenance. (Her.) This is sometimes worn above the helmet in place=
of
a wreath. It is made of crimson velvet ornamented with ermine.(1891a1)
$H
Capitol.=
Architecture
Capitol. (Arch.) T=
he
citadel and temple of Jupiter at Rome
$H Capius. Phoenicia
Capius. In Phenician
mythology a giant, one of the children or Phos and
his brethren. Mount
Capius
$H Cappah
Brown or Cappagh Browns. Painting
Cappagh Browns, Light and Dark. Rich brown pigments, made of a bituminous =
earth
from Ireland
Cappah Brown. (Paint.) A pigment obtained from a mangane=
se peat,
called cappah. It is a useful colour and almo=
st
permanent, but is adversely affected by a strong light. This danger may be
obviated by mixing the pigment with a permanent colour, such as umber or
Chinese black.(1891a1)
Cappagh Brown. A bituminous earth coloured by ox=
ide
of manganese and iron, which yields pigments of various rich brown colour=
s,
two of which are distinguished as light
and dark CAPPAGH BROWNS; they=
are
transparent, permanent, and dry well in oil when not applied too thickly.
CAPPAGH BROWN, also called EUCHROME MINERAL, or MANGANESE BROWN, derives =
its
name from Cappagh, near Cork , in Ireland <=
/st1:place>.
(1855f1)
$H Capreolus.
R. Capreolus
(lit. a wild goat or roebuck). A fork for digging, with two prongs conver=
ging
together like the horns of a roebuck. The term is also used for a strut or
brace. The tie‑beams and king‑posts in the frame of a roof are
often connected by capreoli.(1883m1)
$H Capriccio.
Capriccio. It. Capri=
ce in
art.(1883m1)
Capriccio. (Ital.)
A species of picture not confined to the ordinary rules of composition. A
work of a fanciful kind, such as foliated ornaments in which human and ot=
her
figures appear in situations not strictly natural. (1855f1)
$H
Caprices.
Caprices.
A set
of drawings or engravings, of which the grotesque subject and original
composition belong rather to the realm of fancy and imagination than that=
of
observation. The caprices of =
Goya
are collections of engravings representing phantasma=
goric
scenes and hallucinations.(1891a1)
$H Capricornus.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
Capricornus. The zod=
iacal
sign of September employed by Augustus Caesar in commemoration of his vic=
tory
at Actium =
on the
day when the sun enters that sign. The same device was used by Cosmo de'
Medici, and by the Emperor Rodolph II. of Germany (1883m1)
![](3D"cap_files/image068.gif")
<=
/o:p>
$H Caprimulgus.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
Lat. A goat‑milker , a common device on antique gems and basR=
09;reliefs,
representing a man or a faun milking a goat.(1883m1)
Caprimulgus. (Lat.)
(A GOAT-MILKER.) A generic term for subjects of frequent occurrence on
antique gems and bas-reliefs, representing a man or a faun milking a goat;
sometimes the goat Amalthea, the nurse of the infant Jupiter. (1855f1)
$H Capronae.
Capronae. R. (from caput and pronus, i.e. that which h=
angs
down the forehead). The forelock of a horse, and by analogy, a lock of
curling hair falling down over the centre of the forehead, in a man or
woman.(1883m1)
$H Capsa or Scrinium.
$H Capitium.
|
An article of female=
dress;
a kind of corset or bodice.(1883m1) |
$H Capitolium.
|
Capitolium (i.e. the place of the caput; because a human head was supposed to have been discove=
red
in digging the foundations). The Capitol, or
enclosure containing the temple raised in honour of
Jupiter. The first Capitol of Rome was built on the =
Mons Capitolinus or Capitolium. The chief cit=
ies of
|
$H Capo di Monte.
|
Capo di Monte. |
$H Cap
of Maintenance. Heraldry
|
Cap of
Maintenance. (Her.) This is sometimes worn above the helmet in place=
of
a wreath. It is made of crimson velvet ornamented with ermine.(1891a1) |
$H
Capitol.=
Architecture
|
Capitol. (Arch.) T=
he
citadel and |
$H Capius. Phoenicia
|
Capius. In Phenician
mythology a giant, one of the children or Phos and
his brethren. |
$H Cappah
Brown or Cappagh Browns. Painting
|
Cappagh Browns, Light and Dark. Rich brown pigments, made of a bituminous =
earth
from |
|
Cappah Brown. (Paint.) A pigment obtained from a mangane=
se peat,
called cappah. It is a useful colour and almo=
st
permanent, but is adversely affected by a strong light. This danger may be
obviated by mixing the pigment with a permanent colour, such as umber or
Chinese black.(1891a1) |
|
Cappagh Brown. A bituminous earth coloured by ox=
ide
of manganese and iron, which yields pigments of various rich brown colour=
s,
two of which are distinguished as light
and dark CAPPAGH BROWNS; they=
are
transparent, permanent, and dry well in oil when not applied too thickly.
CAPPAGH BROWN, also called EUCHROME MINERAL, or MANGANESE BROWN, derives =
its
name from Cappagh, near |
$H Capreolus.
|
R. Capreolus
(lit. a wild goat or roebuck). A fork for digging, with two prongs conver=
ging
together like the horns of a roebuck. The term is also used for a strut or
brace. The tie‑beams and king‑posts in the frame of a roof are
often connected by capreoli.(1883m1) |
$H Capriccio.
|
Capriccio. It. Capri=
ce in
art.(1883m1) |
|
Capriccio. (Ital.)
A species of picture not confined to the ordinary rules of composition. A
work of a fanciful kind, such as foliated ornaments in which human and ot=
her
figures appear in situations not strictly natural. (1855f1) |
$H
Caprices.
|
Caprices.
A set
of drawings or engravings, of which the grotesque subject and original
composition belong rather to the realm of fancy and imagination than that=
of
observation. The caprices of =
Goya
are collections of engravings representing phantasma=
goric
scenes and hallucinations.(1891a1) |
$H Capricornus.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
Capricornus. The zod=
iacal
sign of September employed by Augustus Caesar in commemoration of his vic=
tory
at
|
$H Caprimulgus.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
Lat. A goat‑ |
|
Caprimulgus. (Lat.)
(A GOAT-MILKER.) A generic term for subjects of frequent occurrence on
antique gems and bas-reliefs, representing a man or a faun milking a goat;
sometimes the goat Amalthea, the nurse of the infant Jupiter. (1855f1) |
$H Capronae.
|
Capronae. R. (from caput and pronus, i.e. that which h=
angs
down the forehead). The forelock of a horse, and by analogy, a lock of
curling hair falling down over the centre of the forehead, in a man or
woman.(1883m1) |
$H Capsa or Scrinium.
|
Capsa or Scrinium. R=
. A box
or case of cylindrical form, used for several purposes, but more particul=
arly
for the transport of rolls or volumes (volumina). The capsae =
were
generally provided with straps and locks, the former serving as a
handle.(1883m1) |
|
Capsa. (=
Lat.)
Boxes for containing portable articles of value in the Roman period, and =
also
for written rolls. See SCRINIUM. (1855f1) |
$H Capsella or Capsula.
|
Capsella or Capsula. R. (dimin. of CAPSA, q.v.). A case or casket for jewels,
&c.(1883m1) |
$H Capuchon.
|
Capuchon. A hood wit=
h neck‑piece
and mantle. The engraving (Fig. 136) is a portrait of Cimabue. Fig. 136. Capuchon and mantl=
e. From an Italian painting of the 13th
century.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"cap_files/image069.gif")
$H Capula. Dimin. =
of CAPIS
(q.v.). (1883m1)
$H Capularis.
|
Capularis. R. The st=
raight
handle or hilt of any kind of instrument or weapon, in contradistinction =
to ansa, w=
hich
signifies a curved haft or handle. The term capularis was applied
indifferently to the handle of a sword, a sceptre,
&c.(1883m1) |