$H Clabulare. (See CLAVULARE.=
)
(1883m1)
$H Clack or Clap‑dish. Old English
|
Clack or Clap‑dish. O.E. A box with a movable =
lid
used and rattled by beggars to attract attention: ‑ "His tongue mov=
es
like a beggar's clapdish.&quo=
t;(1883m1) |
$H Cladeuteria.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
Cladeuteria. A Greek
festival held in honour of Bacchus, at the ti=
me
when the pruning of the vines took place.(1883m1) |
$H Claire‑voie. (See Clerestory)
$H Claire‑voire.<= /span> [See Clerestory= .] (1891a1)
$H Clair-Obscur=
e.
|
Clair-Obscure.
(Fr.) A term for light and sh=
ade in
painting. See CHIAR-OSCURO.(1855f1) |
$H Clamp. Arc= hitecture
|
Clamp. (Arch.) A pie=
ce of
wrought iron which holds together and binds into a solid mass two walls or
two pieces of timber.(1891a1) |
$H Clan.
|
Clan. (Gaelic, klann,
children). A tribe of persons of one common family, united under a
chieftain.(1883m1) |
$H Clap‑bene. Old English
|
Clap‑bene. O.E=
. Bene si=
gnifies
a prayer, and children were invited by this phrase to clap their hands together, as their only means of expressing
their prayers.(1883m1) |
$H Clapdish. (See CLACKDISH.= ) (1883m1)
$H Clappe or Clapper. Old English
|
Clappe or Clapper. O=
.E. A
wooden rattle used to summon people to church on the last three days of
Passion Week, when the bells were not rung.(1883m1) |
$H Clarenceux.
|
Clarenceux. Her. The=
title
of one of the three kings of arms at Heralds' College. The others are cal=
led
GARTER and NORROY.(1883m1) |
$H Clarichord. Old English
|
Clarichord. O.E. A s=
tringed
instrument, in the form of a spinet, of mediaeval times. At the marriage =
of
James of Scotland with the Princess Margaret, A.D. 1503, "the king b=
egan
before hyr to play of the clarychordes, and after o=
f the
lute. And upon the said clarychorde Sir Edward
Stanley played a ballad, and sange
therewith." (Wharton, &q=
uot;History of English Poetry."=
) It
is identical with the clavichord<=
/i>,
the origin of the spinet, harpsichord, and pianoforte.(1883m1) |
$H Clarion. Old English
|
Clarion. O.E. A small trumpet, with a shrill sound.
(Represented in the third niche of the "Minstrels' Gallery" of
Exeter Cathedral, of which there is a cast in the Fig. 165, 166. Clarions (heraldic).(1883m1)
|
![](3D"cl_files/image009.gif")
$H Clasp.
|
Clasp. The purpose o=
f a
clasp is to securely fasten a closed book. The bindings of valuable MSS. =
are
generally ornamented with rich clasps. Some are decorated with figurines
executed with the utmost care, others with foliage or other ornament. ILLUS. clasp(1891a1)
|
![](3D"cl_files/image010.gif")
Classic.
|
Classic. The term applied to the finest works of
antique Art, or to such modern imitations as preserve a similar character=
. An
entirely modern work is, however, termed classic
when it successfully achieves a high position.(1855f1) |
$H Classical.
|
Classical in the str=
ict
sense of the term is applied to the best period of ancient Greek art, when
such sculptors as Pheidias and Polyoletus=
, and
such architects as Ictinus, united in their w=
orks
respect for truth, observation of nature, and worship of beautiful forms.
Although classical literature
includes the works of the Latin Augustan age, the art of the Romans is on=
ly
the art of a period of decadence. By analogy the name is given to schools
which take the monuments of Greek art as their models, deducing from them
their canons and inspiration, and sometimes even confining themselves to a
slavish reproduction of classical masterpieces without making any attempt=
to
grasp the principles underlying them. This unintelligent imitation has at
different times given rise to violent reactions and has provoked vigorous
aesthetic discussions. The term c=
lassical
is also applied to such masters as Raphael, whose work without being the
result of direct imitation of Greek art, yet recalls it by the purity and
perfection of its design. And finally modern work may be called classical, if by common consent =
it
takes a place among the masterpieces of the world.(1891a1) |
$H Classicism.
|
Classicism. A term a=
pplied
to the artistic tendency towards the classic style.(1891a1) |
$H Classic Orders of Architecture.
|
Classic Orders of Architecture. The Grecian: Doric, Ionic=
, and
Corinthian; ‑ and the Roman=
:
Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders (q.v.) are general=
ly
thus distinguished.(1883m1) |
$H Classico‑Roman= tic.
|
Classico‑Romantic. Said
of works of undecided style which exhibit at the same time a classic and
romantic spirit.(1891a1) |
$H Classified.
|
Classified. A catalogue of a gallery or collecti=
on
is said to be classified when=
it
does not simply notify its contents, but arranges them into subjects or
schools. In general histories of Art, its professors are also classified according to countrie=
s,
schools, styles, or subjects chosen by them, for the exertion of their
peculiar talent. (1855f1) |
$H Clathrate.
|
Clathrate. Latticed =
like a
grating (cla=
thri).(1883m1) |
$H Clathri.
|
Clathri. R. A grating =
or
trellis formed of wooden or metal bars; clathri were employed to =
form
the imposts over hypaethral doors, and to lig=
ht the
stables (car=
ceres)
under the circus, &c. Fig. 167 represents one of the bronze doors of =
the
Pantheon at
|
![](3D"cl_files/image011.gif")
$H Claude Glass.
|
Claude Glass. A dark=
glass,
in which a landscape may be observed in reverse. The effect produced in i=
t is
said to resemble a picture by Claude, and from this it derives its
name.(1891a1) |
|
Claude Glass. A dark=
convex
glass for studying the effect of a landscape in reverse. Its name is supp=
osed
to be derived from the similarity of the effects it gives, to those of a
picture by Claude Lorrain.(1883m1) |
$H Clausula.
|
Clausula. R. The han=
dle of
any instrument whatsoever, when made in such a way that the hand can be i=
nserted
into it, as for instance with a ring or sword‑hilt. The STRIGILIS
(q.v.) had a handle of this description. Clausula is thus to be
distinguished from capulus
(a straight handle), and ansa (a handle affixed to another object).(1883m1) |
$H Clava.
|
Clava. R. (1) A stou=
t knotty
stick, growing much thicker towards one end. (2) A very heavy clu=
b with
which young recruits went through their exercises. (3) A club like that=
of
Hercules, or a mace or war‑club with an iron head, and studded with
nails or (more commonly) sharp spikes.(1883m1) |
|
Clava. (=
Lat.)
A military club studded with spikes, or a simple club as borne by Hercule=
s. (1855f1) |
$H Clavate.
|
Clavate. Club‑=
shaped;
tapering down from the top.(1883m1) |
$H Clavesignati.= Mediaeval
|
Clavesignati. Med. L=
at. The
Papal troops were so called, who had the keys of St. Peter on their stand=
ards
and uniforms.(1883m1) |
$H Claviary. Music
|
Claviary. In Music, =
an index
of keys.(1883m1) |
$H Clavichord.
|
Clavichord. A stringed instrument in the form of a
spinet. (Fig. 168.) (See CLARICHORD.) Fig. 168. Clavichord ‑ 18th century.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"cl_files/image012.gif")
$H Clavicula. Dimin. of CLAVIS (q.v.). (1883m1)
$H Clavier.
|
Clavier. Of a musical
instrument, the keyboard.(1883m1) |
$H Clavis.
|
Clavis. R. A key. Th=
e clavis clausa<=
/i> was
a small key without a neck or lever; clavis laconica, a key of Egyptian invention, having t=
hree
teeth; clavi=
s adultera, a
false key; c=
lavis tro hi<=
/i>, a
curved stick made of iron and having a hook at the end, which was used by
Greek and Roman boys for trundling their hoops.(1883m1) |
$H Clavius.
|
Clavius. A walled pl=
ain in
the moon, more than a hundred miles in diameter.(1883m1) |
$H Clavulare or Clabulare.
|
Clavulare or Clabulare. R. A
large open cart used for carrying provisions, especially dolia (casks) filled with=
wine.
The body of the carriage was formed by a wooden trellis‑work (clavulae) ‑
whence its name ‑ and was of a semi‑cylindrical shape, adapte=
d to
accommodate wine barrels.(1883m1) |
$H Clavus.
|
Clavus. R=
. A
nail. In Christian archaeology, a purple hem or band applied as an orname=
nt
to a dress, which was then called vestis clavata. (See CHRYSO‑CLAVUS.)(1883m1) |
|
Clavus. (Lat.) A distinctive band of a pu=
rple
colour worn upon the tunic of the Romans. The Senators wore it as a single
broad perpendicular stripe down the centre of the tunic in front of the
breast, and then it was termed clavus latus. The equestrian order wore it ‡ as a narrower double st=
ripe,
descending from each shoulder, and termed clavus augustus. It was originally confined to these two o=
rders;
but eventually was adopted as a mere ornament in the later days of ‡ See cut =
to
DALMATIC, which exhibits one of this kind. (1855f1) |
$H Clay.
|
A rich and compact earth, a kind of claye=
y marl
with an admixture of iron, sand, and limestone, in which sculptors execute
their models. It ought to be kept damp, as it is then easy to mould and y=
et
offers sufficient resistance to the fingers. When they leave their work
sculptors wrap up their clay models in soft moist linen cloths, upon which
they sprinkle water from time to time from a particular kind of syringe w=
ith
a rose at the end like a watering‑can. Clay models if they are left=
to
dry in the open air shrink and crack and speedily come to pieces.(1891a1)=
|
|
Clay. MODELLING CLAY is an aluminous
plastic body used by sculptors and other artists to embody their concepti=
ons,
and aid their future work. As it is liable to crack in drying, it is
necessary to damp it continually, and to throw wet cloths over the work
modelled when the artist is not employed on it. PORCELAIN CLAY is derived
from the decomposition of granite and felspar=
, and
when freed from foreign matter, is infusible in the kiln, and perfectly w=
hite
in colour, its silica giving it transparency, which mixes with the alumin=
a it
contains in nearly equal quantities. *
POTTER'S CLAY is of coarser nature, generally obtained from Dorsetshire and *
The finest clay obtained in Silica
=
; &n=
bsp; 46.00
Alumina
=
; &n=
bsp; 40.00
Iron
=
; &n=
bsp; .27 Lime
=
; &n=
bsp; .43 Magnesia
=
; &n=
bsp; .50 Water
and Alkali =
1280 ** See Sir R. C. Hoa=
re's
Ancient Wiltshire. (1855f1) |
$H Claymore.
|
Claymore. (Gaelic, <=
span
class=3DSpellE>claidheamb, a
sword, and m=
or,
great). The highland broadsword.(1883m1) |