$H Deacon. Christian

Chr. A dalmatic, or an alb; i.e. a deacon's vestment.(1883m1)

$H Dead‑boot. Old English

O.E., Chr. Prayers for the dead.(1883m1)

$H Dealbatus. Roman

R. (dealbo, to whiten over). Covered with a coating of stucco (albarium opus<= /i>). The builders of antiquity made great use of stucco, both in the interior = and exterior of buildings. All the buildings of Pompeii are stuc= coed.(1883m1)

$H Deambulatory. Architecture

(Arch.) An old name = for aisle (q.v.).(1891a1)

Arch. (deambulo, to walk about).= The lateral nave which surrounds the choir of a church; it is usually separat= ed from the aisles by a grating (cancelli).(1883m1)

$H Deas, Deice, or Dei= s. O.E. (See DAIS.= ) (1883m1)

$H Deas, Dais, Dees. Scottish

Deas, Dais, Dees. Sc= otch. (1) A table, especially the great hall table. (2) A pew in a church. (3) A turf seat erected at the door of a cottage. (See DAIS.)(1883m1)

$H Death's‑man. Old English

O.E. The executioner.(1883m1)

$H Debased. Heraldry

Her. Reversed.(1883m= 1)

$H Deben deben: a measure of weight: see table below. (1894e1)

Measures of weight=

10 qite = ; &n= bsp; = ; =3D 1 deben<= /span>

10 deben of copper = =3D 1 qite of= silver (in the time of Ramesses II).

6 deben of copper &nbs= p; =3D 1 qite of silver (in the late Ramesside period).(1894e1= )

$H Debruised. Heraldlry

(Her.) A term applie= d to charges passing one above the other.(1891a1)

$H Decadence.

The term in ancient = art is applied to the period after the fall of Rome, and before the Renaissance in= the 14th century; in modern art to the period of the rococo style of Louis XV.(1883m1)

Art is said to be in decadence at a particular period when the works produced at that period a= re not equal to those of the time immediately preceding. The expression, is = also applied, but often incorrectly, to certain works designed and executed without sufficient regard to the laws and traditions of classical art.(1891a1)

$H Decaduchi. Greek

Decaduchi (*,6"‑*@ØP@4[=3Ddeka‑douchoi]= ), Gr. A council of ten, who ruled = Athens from B.C. 403 until the restoration of democracy.(1883m1)

$H Decan. Egypt

Egyp. A period of ten days, which was ruled by a st= ar called its D= ecan. The month was divided into three decans, and = the year into thirty‑six, each being presided over by its own inferior divinity. On zodiacs they are arranged in groups of three above the twelve superior gods. The decans were the tutelary g= enii of the horoscope.(1883m1)

$H Decarchia. Greek

Decarchia (*,6‑"DP\"[=3Ddek‑archia])= . A council of the Lacedaemonians.(1883m1)

$H Decastellare.= Mediaeval

Med. Lat. To dismantle.(1883m1)

$H Decastyle. Architecture

(Arch.) In Grecian architecture a temple was termed decastyle = when it had ten pillars in its façade.(1891a1)

$H Decastylos. Architecture

Arch. A building of = which the portico has ten columns; a decastylic ped= iment is a pediment supported by ten columns.(1883m1)

$H Decemjugus. Roman

Decemjugus (sc. currus)= , R. A chariot drawn by ten horses abreast; represented on the medals of the lat= er emperors.(1883m1)

$H Decempeda. Roman

R. A ten‑foot measuring‑rod used by architects and surveyors.(1883m1)<= /span>

$H Decemremis. Roman

R. (remus, an oar). A vessel = with ten banks of oars. It is certain that the different ranks of rowers, who = had each his own seat, sat one above the other; the lowest row was called thalamos, the middle zuga<= /i>, and the uppermost thranos; but it is very difficult to understand in what manner so many ranks could have been arranged, and the question has been the subject of infinite discussion.(1883m1)

$H Decentre.

To remove the centre, or temporary structure o= f wood upon which arches are built, after the masonry has consolidated. [Centre.= ](1891a1)

$H Decimetre.

The tenth part of a = metre. A metre is 39.37= inches, and consequently a decimetre is 3.9 inches, o= r very nearly equal to a hand.(1891a1)

$H Decennalia or Decenn= ia. Roman

A festival at Rome in commemor= ation of the refusal of Augustus to become emperor for a longer period than ten ye= ars at a time.(1883m1)

$H Decollation.

(=3D beheading). An ecclesiastical expression applied to St. John the Baptist and other martyrs.(1883m1)=

$H Decorated (Style of Architecture).

Decorated Style of Architecture. The second of the P= OINTED or GOTHIC styles of architecture used in = England. It was developed f= rom the EARLY ENGLISH at the end of the 13th century, and gradually merged in= to the PERPENDICULAR during the latter part of the 14th. Its most characteri= stic feature is the geometrical traceries of the windows. Fig. 238. Decorated window.= (1883m1)

<= /o:p>

Decorated Style. The culmination of the Gothic style in England is generally termed= decorated. It was introduced in = the reign of Edward I., and the crosses raised in honour= of Queen Eleanor are among the earliest specimens of it. It flourished throughout the reigns of Edward II. and Edward= III., and then gave way to the Perpendicular style, which marked the decline of Gothic architecture. The windows in buildings of this style are divided i= nto lights by mullions. The largest known decorated windows have nine lights,= as for instance the east window in Carlisle Cathedral, but in smaller church= es two or three is the usual number. The tracery in the windows is either geometric, consisting of circles, trefoils, quatrefoils, &c., or flow= ing in wavy lines. Circular windows are common and the arch generally used in decorated buildings is equilateral. The doorways of this style are chiefly noticeable on account of their ornament. In form they differ but little f= rom those of the previous style. The pillars are often diamond‑shaped w= ith shafts engaged, the capitals generally plain or ornamented with well‑carved foliage. The ball‑flower ornament= is almost peculiar to the decorated style, while its mo= uldings consist of rounds and hollows separated by fillets.(1891a1)

$H Decoration.

By the decoration of a façade we mean the system of ornament which is placed upon it. Thi= s may consist of designs either sculptured in relief or painted. One branch of = the art of decoration is the adornment of rooms with tapestries, works of art, tropical plants, &c. Under the term theatrical decoration are included all the curtains, painted scenes and furniture, which help to give an air= of reality and splendour to a scene on the stage.(1891a1)

$H Decorative.

A work of art is sai= d to be decorative when it is applied to= the decoration of a particular space, and when it is designed with a view to = the shape and character of the space which it fills. A painting may be said t= o be decorative when, quite apart = from the subject it portrays, it produces upon the spectator the impression of= a piece of decoration, either from the harmony of its = colouring or the beauty of its lines. Decor= ative Art is that branch of art, which is applied to the decoration of objects of luxury or use, and to the adornment of houses and other buildings. Thus the object of decorative ar= t is not the creation of a separate work, such as a picture or statue, but the production of sculptures, paintings, or fabrics which are intended to fulfil a definite purpose, and to decorate a room o= f wall space.(1891a1)

$H Decorator.

An artist who devotes himself to decorative painting or sculpture, and executes his work with d= ue regard to the space which it is intended to occupy.(1891a1)

$H Decree of Canopus. Egypt

A stela in the Cairo= Museum on which is inscribed in hieroglyphs, demotic, and Greek the decree made at Canopus b= y the Egyptian priests, in council assembled, concerning the festivals which we= re to be held in honour of Ptolemy Euergetes and= his queen Berenice. Mention is also made of the g= reat benefits which this ruler had conferred upon the country, and a statement= is added requiring that the tri-lingual copy of this inscription shall be se= t up in every temple in the country.(1902b1)

$H Decrescent, In Detri= ment. Heraldry

Her. A half‑moon having its horns to the sinis= ter. Fig. 2= 39. Decrescent.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

$H Decursio. Roman

R. (decurro, to run or march). Military manoeuvres; a review, sham fight, or= any exercise for training soldiers; the term decursus was also used.(1= 883m1)

$H Decussis. Roman

R. (decem, ten, and as). A piece of money marked wit= h the numeral X (10), and which was worth ten asses (post‑Augustan; see DENARIUS).(1883m1)

$H Dedan.

A district in Arabia now represented by the Island of Daden, one of the Bahrein Isles.= See Dihtan. (1876c1)

A tribe of Joktanite Arabs, not to be confounded wit= h the Dedan of of the Bahrein Isles. (1876c1)

$H Dedicated.

Works offered to distinguished persons or submitted to their patronage by a written, print= ed, or engraved dedication are said to be dedicated to them.(1891a1)

$H Dedication.

An inscription engra= ved on plates principally of the 17th and 18th centuries. The inscription someti= mes embodied armorial bearings, and described the respect of the engraver for= the possessor of the picture or his gratitude towards some person of high rank.(1891a1)

$H Dees, Dais, Deas. [See Deas]

$H De Fundato or Netted= .

A name given to cert= ain silks, which were dyed of the richest purple, and figured with gold in the pattern of netting.(1883m1)

$H De‑gamboys. Old English

O.E. A musical instr= ument. (See VIOL DE GAMBO.)(1883m1)

$H Degradation.

Gen. The diminishing= of the tones of colour, light, and shade, according = to the different degrees of distance. (A term used especially in reference to gl= ass painting.)(1883m1)

$H Degreed, Degraded. Heraldry

Her. Placed on steps.(1883m1)

$H Deice, Deas, or Dei= s. O.E. (See DAIS.= ) (1883m1)

$H Deid. Or Dido.

Deid. Or= Dido. The wife of Batta king of the Lydians, and mother of King Maurmaiu, who was l= ost in battle fighting against Menepthah II. (1876c1)

$H Deinos. Greek

Gr. A vessel with a = wide mouth and semi‑spherical body, something like the cacabus.(1883m1)

$H Deir-el-Bahari. Egypt

A small but beautiful, limestone and partly rock hewn temple, near Thebes, which was erected by Queen Hatasu of the XVIIIth dynasty, after the conquests in Arabia= . It had an avenue of sphynxes, terminated by two obelisks, and the interior walls of the court and sanctuary were covered = with pictures representing the queen of Egypt in male costume fighting among t= he Arabs, receiving their queen a prisoner, and superintending the embarkati= on of her fleet The text which accompanies these pictures is of the highest value, and has furnished modern historians with some most important detai= ls as to the internal organisation and naval res= ources of Egypt at the best period of the XVIIIth dy= nasty. See Hata= su, and Thot= hmes II. and III. (1876c1)

$H Deir-el-Medineh, Dêr el Medineh. Egypt

Deir-el-Medineh. A small temple near to Medinet-Habu= in Upper Egypt. It was of a very late period, having= been begun by Ptolemy Philopater, and completed by his successors. (1876c1)

Dêr el Medineh. A small temple begun by Ptolemy IV. and finished by Ptolemy IX. It lies between the Colossi and Medinet Habu. It is specially interesting as containing the only lapidary representation of the Psychostasia (q.v.).(1902b1)

$H Deis, Deice, or Dea= s. O.E. (See DAIS.= ) (1883m1)

$H Dejoces.

The Greek form of the Median royal name Diakku, which see. (1876c1)

A governor of Minni, who revolted against Sargon II. at the instiga= tion of Ullusumue, king of Mi= nni. (1876c1)

The son of Phraortes<= /span>. He was an able legislator, and united the whole of the independent tribes= of Media under one government. He reigned for fifty-three years, and was succeeded by his son Phraortes or Fravartis. (1876c1)

$H De= l.

Abbreviation of the = word delineavit. It follows the name of the original author of a drawing which has been reproduced by engraving or lithography.(1891a1)

$H Del-e-Astartus.

One of the many usurpers who for a short t= ime occupied the throne of Tyre after the death of Abdastoreth the last of the house of Hiram. (1876c1= )

$H Delf.

Common pottery from = Delft in Holland.(1883m1)

$H Delft. Pottery

(Pot.) Earthenware painted and glazed is called delft, from the town Delft, where it was first made. It is generally of rude workmanship, and more qu= aint than beautiful in colour and design.(1891a1)<= o:p>

--- $H Delft Faiences. =

Delft Faiences are remarkable for the beauty of their paste and of their enamel, but spurious imitations are said to be abundan= t. Fig. 240 is a representative specimen of the real <= st1:place w:st=3D"on">Delft ware. The date of the establish= ment of this manufacture is uncertain, but earlier than 1614; the ornamentatio= n is inspired by Japanese art. (Consult Jacquemart's History of the Ceramic Art.) Fig. 240. Oil cruet, Delft ware.(1883m1)

$H Delia. Greek

Gr. Festivals and ga= mes at Delos.(1883m1)

$H Delineation.

The outline of a fig= ure or landscape.(1891a1)

$H Dellingr. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology a descendant of = Asen, the third husband of Nott, by whom he had the= deity Dag, which see. (1876c1)

$H Delphica. Roman

Delphica (sc. cortina= ), R. A table of a very costly description, made of wh= ite marble or bronze. It was used as a drinking‑table, and had only thr= ee feet richly ornamented. [Explained under the heading CORTINA.](1883m1)

$H Delphinia. Greek

A Greek festival in = honour of Apollo.(1883m1)

$H Delphinorum Columnae. Roman

R. The two columns a= t one end of the s= pina of a circus, on which marble figures of dolphins were placed. The seven ova (eggs) on similar columns at= the end of the s= pina opposite to these dolphins, served to indicate the number of turns made by the chariots round the goal. (See OVUM.) [The figure of the dolphin was selected in honour of = Neptune.] (Cf. CIRCUS.)(1883m1)

$H Delphinus, Dolphin.<= /span>

Gen. (= *,= 8N= \<[=3Ddelphin]). The dolphin was ofte= n used as an ornament, and especially as a hand‑rest or banister to the vomitoria or entrances of the th= eatres and amphitheatres. Fig. 241 represents a dolphin utilized in this manner = at the theatre of Puzzoli. Many medals, as for instance those of Syracuse (Fig. = 242), are stamped with a dolphin. (See also DOLPHIN.)

Fig. 241. Dolphin. Used as an ornament. Fig. 242. Dolphin. Medal of Syracuse.<= /span>(1883m1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; <= /o:p>

$H Delphis. Roman

R. A heavy mass of i= ron or lead used in naval warfare, to drop on board of a hostile ship and sink i= t. (Compare CORVUS.)(1883m1)

$H Delta. 1. Hebrew; 2. Egypt

A triangle surrounde= d by rays and containing inscribed within it the name of Jehovah in Hebrew characters.(1891a1)

Egypt<= span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-= ansi-language: EN-GB'>. The flat alluvial land in Lower Egypt lying between the great ar= ms of the Nile, immediately north of Memphis. This district from its likeness to the Greek letter Δ, received the = name of the Delta.(1902b1)

$H Delubrum. Roman

R. (deluo, to cleanse). A shr= ine; the part of a temple which contains the altar or statue of the deity, and thence a temple containing an altar.(1883m1)

$H Dema= vend.

The modern name of the district called by = the Iranians Varena. (1876c1)

$H Demembered, Dismembe= red. Heraldry

Her. Cut into pieces= , but without any alteration in the form of the original figure.(1883m1)

$H Demeter. Greece

In Grecian mythology the goddess of the generative power of the earth. The Ceres of = the Romans. See Parthivi Mutar. (= 1876c1)

Demeter, the daughte= r of Cronus and Rhea, was the goddess who watched over agriculture and the production of the fruits of the earth. When her daugh= ter Persephone was carried off by Hades, she sought for her in every land, conferring wherever she went the blessings of agricultural prosperity. She was especially revered in Attica, to an inhabitant of which, Triptolemus by name, she= is said to have taught the use of the plough. Her worship is in some measure connected with the belief in a future state, and the Eleusinian mysteries held in her honour are said to have had an ennobling effect on all those who were admitted to them. Her name is generally mentioned with that of her daughter Persephone (q.v.), the godd= ess of the lower world, in whose charge was the seed committed to the earth. Among the known statues of Demeter, the finest is that found at Cnidus and now in the = British Museum. The goddess is represent= ed draped and with a veil, and there is much religious dignity in the figure= . In representations of Demeter on vases, allusion is generally made to her sojourn in Attica and her teaching Triptolemus the use of the plough.(1891a1)

$H Demi. Heraldry

Her. The half; the upper, front, or dexter half, unl= ess the contrary is specified.

Fig. 243. Demi‑lion, rampant.(1883m1)

$H = Demi‑brassarts, Vambraces, or Avant‑= braces.

Demi‑brassards. Half arm= our for the arm. [Brassards.](1891a1)

Demi&= #8209;brassarts, Vambraces, or Avant‑braces. Half‑armour for the arm.(1883m1)

$H Demi‑column. Architecture

A column so built ag= ainst a vertical wall that only half of the column is seen, the rest being built = into the wall. [Column.](1891a1)

$H Demi‑culverin.=

A cannon of four inc= hes' bore. (Meyri= ck.)(1883m1)

$H Demi‑dolmen.

When one of the vert= ical supports of a dolmen are non‑existent so= that the table of the dolmen rests with one end on the ground it is called a <= span class=3DSpellE>demi‑dolmen, or an imperfect dolmen. When such dolmens were of large dimensions they were employed for the massacre of victims, who were marched up the sloping surface and precipitated from the top. [Dolmen.] ILLUS. demidolm(1891a1)

$H Demi‑hag.

A smaller kind of ha= ckbut (arquebus).(1883m1)

$H Demi‑haque. Old English

O.E. A fire‑ar= m, smaller than the arquebus; 16th century.(1883= m1)

$H Demi‑jambes.

Armour for the shins.(1883m1)

$H = Demi‑lion Rampant. Heraldry

(Her.) A lion, of which the upper half only is represented on a chief or fess, the animal thus appearing at the top of the shield. ILLUS. demilion(1= 891a1)

$H Demi‑placcate.=

The lower part of a breastplate.(1883m1)

$H Demi‑relievo.<= /span>

Sculpture in relief,= in which one‑half of the figure projects; generally called Mezzo‑relievo. (See BASSO&= #8209;RELIEVO.) (1883m1)

$H Demiurgi.

Demiurgi (*0:4‑@LD(@\[=3Ddemi‑ourgoi]). Popular magistrates.(1883m1)

$H = Demi‑vol. Heraldry

(Her.) Used to descr= ibe a single wing of a bird with the features turned towards the sinister side of the shield. Several shields present three demi‑vol= s on the same surface. ILLUS. demivol(1891a1)

$H Demolition.

The destruction of an edifice.(1891a1)

$H Demons Egypt

Demons in the modern sense of the wor= d - irredeemably evil spirits - figure largely in Graeco= -Egyptian magical papyri in which the greater part of the spells are addressed to demons. Much importance was attached to the names of the demons and their right pronunciation. (See MAAT KHERU.)(1902b1)

$H Demosii.

Slaves belonging to = the state, at Athens.(1883m1)

$H Demotic. Egypt

demotic: a cursive script much used in the late period.(1894e1)

(writing), Egyp. (= *0= :@= J4= 6[=3Ddemotika], sc. (= DV= := :"= J"[=3Dgrammata], i.e. popular writi= ng). A mode of writing among the ancient Egyptians, differing from the hieroglyphic or sacred writing. = This writing, which was employed for civil records, was introduced under the twenty‑fifth dynasty, being derived from the hieratic writing, the first abbreviation of the hieroglyphics.(1883m1)

The name given to a cursive modification of the hieratic (q.v.) used for the vulgar dialect; it is not found until the = XXVth Dynasty. It was introduced about B.C. 900 and= was in use until the fourth century A.D. Composed of the same mixture of sign= s as the hieratic, it is extremely difficult to decipher, owing partly to the similarity of signs which have separate hieratic equivalents, and partly = to the fact that the writing is thick and careless. Like its parent the hier= atic it reads from right to left.

Professor H. Brugsch has published a demotic grammar, b= ut very little advancement is made in the study of the characters, all the w= ork in it being done by a few men. Nor are the subjects of demotic documents = as a rule very interesting, since they consist chiefly of contracts of sale and legal matters; some magical texts and a curious tale being the chief exceptions. (Papyrus of Setna in the Cairo Museum. See trans. by Brugsh, Rev. Arch., Sept., 1867, and by F. Ll. Griffith.)(1902b1)

$H Demster. Old English

O.E. A judge.(1883m1= )

$H Demyt. Old English

O.E. An old word for= dimity; a kind of fustian. Perhaps so called because first manufactured at Damietta.(1883m1)

$H Denarius. Roman

R. (deni, by tens). The silve= r coin principally in use among the Romans. Until the reign of Augustus the denarius was worth ten asses, and afterwards sixtee= n. Denarius aureus<= /i> was a gold denarius, equal in value to twentyR= 09;five silver denarii.(1883m1)

$H Denderah. Or Tentyra. Egypt

Denderah. Or= Tentyra. A magnificent temple, on the roof of which an Arab village has b= een built. It was begun by Ptolemy XIII., but the edifice itself was only a restoration on a larger scale of the ancient Theban temple of the goddess Hathor. The sculptures are specially interesting to historical students, = and the most reliable contemporary portraits (coins excepted) of Cleopatra VI. and her son Caesarion are found upon the interior walls. (1876c1)

$H Denia.

A city of Valencia i= n Spain, which disputes with Alcora the production of a remarkable kind of pottery, of which Jacquemart mentions a vase with two handles of Arab form, resembling the alcarazas, upon a smooth white enamel decorated with birds and flowers coarsely painted.(1883m1)

$H Denis, St.

St. Denis of France is confounded in the legend with St. Dionysius. This connection is not supported by historical criticism, but in art they are always represented= as one. Dionysius (or St. Denis as he was called when he went to Paris) was a Grecian philosopher, who was converte= d to Christianity by St. Paul. He became bishop of Athens and afterward= s of Paris. While at= Paris he was pe= rsecuted and finally beheaded by the Roman pro‑consul. St. Denis or Dionysiu= s is represented in art as carrying a head in his hand.(1891a1)

$H Dennu. Egypt

An ancient Egyptian official title which w= as applied to persons holding very different offices, and which is therefore= now generally rendered "chief," or "director." "Grea= t Dennu of Egypt" was a title given to Rameses VII. in a papyru= s which is now in the Museum of Turin. (1876c1= )

$H Dens. Roman

R. Literally, a tooth; hence the prongs of a for= k, the flukes of an anchor, the barbs of a lance, the teeth of a saw or rake.(1883m1)

$H Dentale. Roman

R. (dens, a tooth). The piece of wood in a p= lough on which the plough‑share (vomer) is fastened.(1883m1)

$H Dentatus. Roman

R. Armed with teeth.= (1883m1)

$H Dentelle Decoration.=

Of French pottery, a= light lace pattern, more delicate than the "lambrequin."(1883m1)

$H Dentels. Architecture

Dentile, Dentils, (L= atin, denticuli), Arch. Ornaments in the form of small cubes or teeth, used in the moulding of cornices, in the IONIC, CORINTHIAN, and COMPOSITE orders. (See TOOTH‑ORNAMENT, DOG'S‑TOOTH.)(1883m1)<= o:p>

(Arch.) A system of ornament, which breaks the horizontal moulding of an entablature, and throws shadows below the projection caused by the cor= nice in the Ionic and Corinthian orders. Dentels a= re formed by punching out rectangular pieces from a large fillet (q.v.). The= ir height is generally double their breadth, and they are separated from one another by a space half as broad as the dentel itself. ILLUS. dentels(1891a1)

$H Dentile, Dentils. (See Dentels)

$H Depas. Roman

R. A bowl with two h= andles, the foot of which is made of a low flat moulding like the Doric fillet.(1883m1)

$H Depict. [See Paint.] (1891a1)

$H Depressed. Heraldry

Her. Surmounted, pla= ced over another.(1883m1)

$H Depth. Painting

(Paint.) The distance measured from the bottom of a picture to the horizon. We sometimes say of= a landscape that it wants depth.(1891a1)

$H Derby China.

The factory of porce= lain at Derby was establ= ished by Duesbury in 1750. The china made at Derby in the la= st century was of great beauty, and the blue and gold pieces were especially admirable. A tone period china thimbles formed= an important part of the industry. At the beginning of the present century t= he Derby factory pa= ssed into other hands, and was finally closed in 1848.(1891a1)

$H Der= by Porcelain.

Manufactory establis= hed in 1750. Jacquemart says, "Derby has made fine porcelains and statuettes which have nothing to fear by comparison with the groups of Saxony o= r Sèvres.''(1883m1)

$H Dere. Old English

O.E. Noble, honourable. "Syr Cadore with his dere knyghttes."(1883m1)

$H Dêr el Medineh. Egypt [See Deir-el-Medineh]

$H Deri.

A city in Babylonia, which was attacked by= Samsi-Vul III., king of Assyria, during a great rel= igious processional festival in honour of the great = god of Deri. (1876c1)

$H Derketo. See Atargatis. (1876c1)

$H Derring do. Old English

O.E. Deeds of arms.(= 1883m1)

$H Deruncinatus.= Roman

R. Smoothed and poli= shed with the run= cina or carpenter's plane.(1883m1)

$H Derusaeans. Persia

The fifth of the ten great Persian tribes. They were an agricultural caste. (1876c1)

$H Desca.

Lat. A stall or desk= in a church.(1883m1)

$H Descent from the Cross.

A picture representi= ng Joseph of Arimathea and the disciples of Chri= st lowering the body from the cross.(1891a1)

$H Descobinatus.= Roman

R. Rasped with the S= COBINA or carpenter's rasp.(1883m1)

$H Design. Painting

(Paint.) The prelimi= nary sketch of a picture. A collection of lines, which serves as the base of a composition and marks the more important points in it. The plans prepared= by an architect for a building, or by an engineer for a machine, or by an ar= tist for a paper or stuff, are called the design for the building, machine, &c. The art of design is the adaptatio= n of forms to spaces, objects, and materials. The business of the designer is = to fill space, or panels with designs which at once fit the space in which t= hey are placed and are harmonious in themselves.(1891a1)

$H Designer.

An artist who execut= es decorative designs for industrial purposes ‑wall‑papers, carp= ets, &c., &c.‑ is called a designer.(1891a1)

$H Desk.

Desks sloped at vari= ous angles are used for various purposes:

(1) for painting min= iatures upon ivory;

(2) for painting on porcelain;

(3) for retouching photographs;

(4) for executing tracings.(1891a1)

$H Destrere.

Anglo‑Norman. A war̴= 9;horse.(1883m1)

$H Desultorius.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

Desultorius (sc. equus),= R. (desilio= , to leap off). A horse trained for equestrian performances in a circus by the= desultor. Desultorius is itself sometimes used as a synonym for desultor. The desullor rode two horses at once, and got his name from his leaping or vaulting from one to the other.(1883m1)=

$H Desvres.

Pas de Calais, France. An interesting manufactory of faience established in the 17th century, of a style originating in Flanders. (Jacquemart.)(1883m1)

$H Detached.

A term in painting a= pplied to figures which stand out well.(1883m1)

(Arch.) Isolated, st= anding by itself. A column is said to be detached when it stands apart from the building to which it belongs. It may be connected with the rest of the building either by a plinth or an entablature. A house is said to be deta= ched when it does not join another house on either side, but has a free space = all round it. In a painting figures are said to be detached, when they stand = out naturally from the background. ILLUS. detached(1891a1)

$H Detail.

This word is used to describe the secondary or accessory parts in a picture or a group. In cer= tain kinds of work, as in easel‑pictures for example, the detail should = be carefully executed, because the work will be subject to close inspection.= But in wall pictures on the other hand an over‑scrupulous execution of = the details would spoil the general effect. In architecture the detail is the smaller ornamental work. It is executed from the architect's designs, and from it the building gets much of its character.(1891a1)

$H Detriment, Her. (See DECRESCENT.) (1883m1)

$H Deunx. Roman

R. (de and uncia, a twelfth part off). A nominal value not represented by any coin. The term means literally eleven unciae, or eleven‑twelfths of anything [i.e. ounces or twelfths of a pound].(1883m1)

$H Deva.

The Vedic name of Deity in an abstract sen= se. (1876c1)

$H Devas.

In Zendic myth= ology a species of evil manes, created by Ahrimanes= in opposition to the Yazatas of Ahuramazda. They were the representatives of the Devas of= the Veda, but endowed with opposite qualities. (1876c1)

$H Develop. <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Photography

(Photo.) After the s= ensitive plate has been exposed in the camera to receive the image it is removed i= nto a partially darkened room, where it is subject to the action of certain chemical reagents. By this means the image on the plate is developed.(1891a1)

$H Developed. Heraldry

Her. Displayed, unfurled.(1883m1)

$H Device.

An emblem or motto, = which was borne by mediaeval Knights upon their shields and banners, and served= to distinguish them in battle or at tournaments. It was from devices that armorial bearings (q.v.) were in all probability derived. Our cut represe= nts the device on the shield of the Prince of Cond&eacut= e;. ILLUS. device(1891a1)

$H Devil. Christian

Chr. Mediaeval representations of the devil (espec= ially in painting) were taken from those of the satyrs of the ancients. They we= re, however, subject to no canon of symbolism at all, and varied from the likeness of a beautiful woman to every imaginable variety of the grotesque and repulsive.(1883m1)

$H Devonshire Lace (Old).

This lace is said to have been first introduced into= England<= /st1:place> by the Flemings in 1567‑73, and it long preserved its Flemish character. The engraving shows a specimen of old D= evonshire lace, made at the beginning of the last century. Fig. 244. Old Devonshire Lace.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

$H Devs. Persian

Pers. Evil genii, servants of = Ahriman, in the religion of Zoroaster; they were twenty‑eight in number, and were opposed to the ministers of the amchaspands or IZEDS (q.v.).(1883m1)

$H Dewetas. Hindu

In Hindu mythology certain good spirits who worked for the weal of the human race. They were also called Ghandharvas. (1876c1)

$H Dextans. Roman

R. (de and sextans, i.e. a sixth part off). A nominal value not represented by any coin. The literal meaning of the term is ten unciae, or ten‑twelfths of anything [ounces].(1883m1)

$H Dexter. Heraldry

Her. The right side,= i.e. to the spectator's or reader's left.(1883m1)

(Her.) The dexter side of a shield is the right‑hand sid= e of the shield itself, and it is thus opposite to the left hand of a person facing the shield. ILLUS. dexter(1891a1)

$H Dextrale. Graeco-= Roman

R. (dexter, right). A bracelet worn by Greek and Roman women on the right arm, and differing from the dextrocherium<= /i> (Fig. 245), which was worn on the wrist. The latter ornament was often of gold. (See ARMILLA.) Fig. 245. Dextrochere or bracelet.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

$H Dextrochère.<= /span> Heraldry

(Her.) A French hera= ldic term used to describe a charge representing a right arm, either draped or bare. ILLUS. dextroch(1891a1)