$H Emarginated.
|
Having the m= argin broken by a notch or notches.(1883m1) |
$H Embalming.
|
Embalming was frequently practised by the early Christians, especially with the bodies of martyrs. The practice was deriv= ed from the Jews. As a pagan ceremony embalming was intended to facilitate cremation.(1883m1) |
--- $H Embalming in Egypt.
|
According
to Herodotus the most elaborate and expensive process cost £250. A =
body
thus mummified came through the following processes:-=
First, an incision was made in the side,- the operator being ceremonially
chased away,- and the viscera removed (see
CANOPIC JARS). The cavity thus made was cleansed with palm wine and filled
with myrrh, cassia, &c. The brain was removed through the nostrils by
means of a bent instrument. The incision sewn up, the body was placed in a
bath of natron for seventy days. At the end o=
f this
period it was washed, and swathed in innumerable gummed bandages. Amulets
were placed now and again under the bandages, and on the breast a scarabaeus. Finally, a canvas shroud was kept in pl=
ace by
four or five broader bandages. Chapters from the "Book of the Dead&q=
uot;
were sometimes written on the wrappings. |
$H Embalon. Graeco-= Roman
|
Gr. and R. A beak, corresponding to the modern ram, under the bows of a war gal= ley, for the purpose of sinking the enemy.(1883m1) |
$H Embas. Greek
|
Gr. A shoe of white felt, used esp. by the Boeotians= .(1883m1) |
$H Embattled. Heraldry
|
(Her.) This term, bo=
rrowed
from the battlements of a castle, is applied to one of the dividing lines=
of
the shield. Thus the accompanying cuts represent respectively a chief
embattled and a fess embattled. When the projections are shown on both si=
des
of the ordinary so that a projection on one side is opposite a space on t=
he
other, the ordinary is said to be embattled
counter‑embattled. 2 ILLUS. embattl1, embattl=
2(1891a1)
|
![](3D"em_files/image013.gif")
![](3D"em_files/image014.gif")
$H Embellishment.
|
The decoration or ornament applied to anything; =
also
the act of ornamenting or decorating.(1891a1) |
$H Embla.
|
In Scandinavian mythology the name of the
first woman, who was created by Odin and his brother deities after the de=
ath
of Ymir.
(1876c1) |
$H Emblem.
|
A symbolic figure or
attribute serving to characterise allegorical
figures. It differs from a symbol or attribute in that it conceals a mora=
l or
historical allegory. Emblems were very common throughout the Middle Ages,=
and
were frequently introduced into church decoration. Many books of emblems =
were
printed during the 16th century, in which types of virtues and vices were
taken from the animal kingdom. The most celebrated were those by Alciati, Paradin, and <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Sambuco.(1891a1) |
$H Ember Days. Christian
|
Chr. (in Anglo‑Saxon, ymbren dagas, "recurrent days;" in Latin, jejunia quatuor temporum; in Fre= nch, les quatre temps, &c.). Spec= ial fasts appointed to be observed at the commencement of each of the four seasons of the year. In the Eastern Church there is no trace of such an observance. (The word has no connexion with embers in the = sense of ashes.)(1883m1) |
$H Emblazon, Her. (See BLAZON.) (1883m1)
$H Emblemata.
|
Emblemata Gr. (= ¦:= $V= 8= 8T[=3Demballo], to put in). INLAID WORK,= or (1) Mosaic made of colou= red cubes of glass or vitreous enamel. (See SECTILE, TESSELLATUM, VERMICULATU= M.) Fig. 285 represents emblemata= of different kinds of glass. (2) Crusts exquisitely wrought on the surface of vessels or other pieces of furniture; as, for instance, alabaster on marble, gold on silve= r, silver on bronze. The Romans generally used the term crustae for this kind of work. From EMBLEMATA is derived our = word EMBLEM, the true meaning of which is "a symbolical figure or composi= tion which conceals an allegory." Thus an ape symbolized malice and lust; a pel= ican piety, and the Redeemer's love for the world, &c. The most important books of Emblems are by Alciati, Paradin, and Sambuco. Fig. 2= 85. Emblemata.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"em_files/image015.gif")
$H Embolismus, Embolis, or Embolum. Christian
|
Chr. (1) An inserted or intercalated prayer in a lit= urgy. (2) The number of days required to make up the lunar= year to the solar. (See EPACT.)(1883m1) |
$H Embolium. Graeco-= Roman
|
Embolium Gr. and R. (lit. something thrown in). An interlude or comic piece recited by an actress (emboliaria) between the acts of a drama.(1883m1) |
$H Embolos. Architecture
|
Arch., Chr. A covered portico or cloister surround surrounding the external walls of a church.(1883m1) |
$H Embolum. Greek
|
Gr. The Greek term answering to the Latin ROSTRUM (q= .v.). (See also EMBOLISMUS.)(1883m1) |
$H Embolus.
|
R. Embolus (= §:= $@= 8@= H[=3Dembolos]). The piston in the chamber of a pump.(1883m1) |
$H Embossing and Embossment.
|
Embossing, Embossment. A prominence like a boss; rai= sed ornamental work.(1883m1) |
|
Embossing. The art of
working patterns in relief on metal by means of a punch. It is an expensi=
ve
process, and is only used at the present day in the production of delicate
and costly objects. There are in existence mechanical processes for embos=
sing
metal, wood, and even paper, but they scarcely belong to the domain of ar=
t.(1891a1) |
$H Embowed. Heraldry
|
Her. Bent. An arm embowed has the elbow to the dexte= r.(1883m1) |
|
(Her.) When a charge=
on a
shield is bent or curved it is blazoned embowed. The term is now usually applied to living charges such as a
fish, especially a dolphin; or to the human arm, which is frequently repr=
esented
in this position. It may however be employed for any other charge as a fess or bend. ILLUS. embowed(1891a1)
|
![](3D"em_files/image016.gif")
$H Embrasure. Architecture
|
Arch. (1) The interval between the cops of a battlement. (2) An expansion of doorways, windows, &c., give= n by slanting the sides. (See SPLAY.)(1883m1) |
|
An aperture in a wal=
l. In
modern times the apertures required in walls are chiefly those for doors =
and
windows. But the term embrasure is better known in connection with the
apertures in the walls of a mediaeval castle, from whence projectiles were
thrown at an attacking enemy. These embrasures had splayed sides widening
outwards so as to give a wide range of fire to a musketeer standing on the
inner side of the narrow slit forming the embrasure.(1891a1) |
$H Embroidery.
|
A decoration in need=
lework,
executed by hand on a stuff already woven. The work is sometimes in relie=
f,
sometimes open. Embroideries are known to us of silk, gold, and precious
stones, of every kind of thread in fact, and of every colour.
The art of embroidery has been practised in a=
ll
ages and by all nations. Hebrew and Egyptian women were well skilled in i=
t.
Aaron's coat and girdle, the latter of "fine turned linen, and blue,=
and
purple, and scarlet, of needlework," is mentioned in Exodus. The Gre=
eks
especially excelled in embroidery. Homer mentions both Helen and Penelope=
as
engaged in needlework. The web of the latter is universally famous. Comin=
g to
rather a later period we read of the vestments of the priesthood of the <=
st1:place
w:st=3D"on"> |
|
Embroidery is one of the oldest of the ornamental ar=
ts.
Some specimens of ancient Egyptia=
n
embroidery are exhibited in the Louvre, and Herodotus mentions the
embroidered vestments of the gods in Fig. 286. Indian Embroidery. In the Indian section of the South Kensington Mus= eum.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"em_files/image017.gif")
$H Embrued. Heraldry
|
Her. Stained with blood.(1883m1) |
$H Embu.
|
A French term for the loss of tone in an oil sketch, caused by the absorption of the oil whilst = it is drying. It is easily corrected by a glaze.(1883m1) |
$H Emerald.
|
A precious stone, se=
mi‑transparent,
and of a greenish tint.(1891a1) |
|
A precious stone of various shades of green, much us= ed by the ancients for gem‑engraving. The less brilliant varieties are kn= own as beryls. For its significance in Christian art, see GREEN.(1883m1) |
$H Emerald Green. Painting
|
(Paint.) A vivid gre=
en
pigment prepared from arseniate of copper. In=
spite
of its permanence, it should be used with caution as it contains arsenic.=
(1891a1) |
|
A vivid bright green pigment, prepared from the arse= niate of copper, and used both in oil and water‑colours; called also Paul Veronese Green.(1883m1) |
$H Emery.
|
A fine powder of gra=
nular
adamantine spar. It is used for cutting down and polishing glass work, and
for polishing fine‑grained stone. Sheets of paper covered with emery
powder, and known as emery paper, are used for giving a smooth surface to
woodwork, and also used by draughtsmen and
engravers for sharpening their pencils and steel points.(1891a1) |
$H Emissarium.
|
Emissarium R. (emitto,
to send forth). A channel, natural or artificial, for letting off stagnant
water. Some of these channels are the most wonderful monuments of Roman
ingenuity. The lakes of Trasimene, |
$H Emmanche. Heraldry
|
(Her.) An
heraldic term applied to the angular division of the shield, whether plac=
ed
on the dexter or sinister side. It is a figure
which is very rarely employed. ILLUS. emmanche(1891a1)
|
![](3D"em_files/image018.gif")
$H Empaistic.
|
Gr. Damascen= ing (q.v.) or in crusta work prac= tised by the ancients, as opposed to TOREUTIC ART (q.v.).(1883m1) |
$H Empe-ankh.
|
The father of Harsaf<=
/span>
a spondist of Thoth,
which see. His wife's name was Teti-ma-nefer.
(1876c1) |
$H Emperor Paper.
|
The largest kind of drawing‑paper manufactured= : in sheets measuring 66 inches by 47.(1883m1) |
$H Emphotion. Christian Costume
|
Emphotion Chr. (from = ¦:= NT= J\= .T[=3Demphotizo], to enlighten). A name = given in the early Church to the white robe with which persons were invested in baptism; as it were, "a robe of light."(1883m1) |
$H Emplecton. Graeco-=
Roman
|
Gr. and R. (lit. inwoven). A method of building,
originating in |
$H Emporium. Graeco-= Roman
|
Emporium Gr. and R. (=
§:=
B@=
D@=
H[=3Demporos],
a passenger in a ship). A place at a sea‑port where imported
merchandise was warehoused and exposed for sale. The remains of the ancie=
nt emporium of |
$H Emsah. Temsah. "A Crocodile."<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Egypt
|
The Egyptian name for the city and nome called by the Greeks Tent=
yris,
sacred to the worship of |