$H Eoea. Egypt

A priest of Pthah. His period is uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Eoeri. Egypt

An Egyptian officer, an "Overseer of = the House," whose monument is in the Leyden Museum. Period uncertain. (1876c= 1)

$H Eolian (AEolian) Harp. Greek

A musical stringed instrument arranged to be played = upon by the wind (from Eolus [or properly AEolus], the ruler of the winds).(18= 83m1)

$H Eolodicon. Music

A musical instrument similar to a harmonium, invente= d in the last century by Eschenbach.(1883m1)

$H Eolophone. Music

A musical instrument similar to a harmonium.(1883m1)=

$H Eopei. Egypt

An Egyptian lady, an assistant of the deit= ies Amen and Hathor. Period uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Eopeii. Egypt

A royal scribe attached to the palace of Memphis. He was the son of the s= cribe Heti, and grandson of the scribe Meresoure. Period uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Eora.

Eora Gr. (= ¦f= D"[=3Deora]). A festival held at Athens in honou= r of Icarius and his daughter Erigonê. It was known also by the names of= AEora (= "Æ= fD= "[=3Daiora]) and Aletis (= z!= 8= J4= H[=3DAletis]). The last appellation originated in a hymn which was sung at the festival,= and which had been composed by Theodorus of Colophon. It was sometimes called "Eudeipnos," from the rich banquets usually given during its celebration.(1883m1)

$H Eos.

In Grecian mythology the goddess of the Da= wn. She was represented as a beautiful woman with a crown of light and rosy finger nails. (1876c1)

$H Epact.

Epact (Gr. = ¦B= "6= J"= Â[=3Depaktai], sc. º= :X= D"= 4[=3Dhemerai]; in Med. Lat. adjectiones Lunae). The number of days required at the end of a lunar year to complete the so= lar year. (See EMBOLISMUS.)(1883m1)

$H Epagomenae.

Epagomenae (sc. days), Gen. (= ¦B= "(= `:= ,<= "4 = º:= XD= "4[=3Depagomenai hemerai], i.e. intercal= ated days). The name given to the five supplementary days of the year among th= ose nations who divided the year into twelve months of thirty days each.(1883= m1)

$H Epagomenal Days. Egypt

The five days which were added to the old Egyptian year of twelve months of thirty days, in order to bring it to the length of the true year. The leg= end was that Thoth had invented them for the convenience of Nut. For that goddess having fallen into the embraces of <= span class=3DSpellE>Seb,= was cursed by her husband Ra, who swore that on no day of any year should= she bring forth her children; but by the invention of these days she was resc= ued from her predicament. (See YE= AR.)(1902b1)

$H Epaphos.

In Greco-Egyptian mythology the son of Io,= and the first king of = Egypt. He had a daughter called Lybia, from whom the district so named derived its title. (1876c1)

$H Eparna.

A prince or king of P= atusarra in Media. He was conquered and taken captive to Nin= eveh, by Esarhaddon, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Epaullière, <= span class=3DSpellE>Epaullets, or Epaulets. Costume

Epaullière or Epaullets, Fr. Shoulder‑p= lates; also the shoulder‑knots formerly worn by gentlemen, but now restric= ted to domestic servants. (See AIGLET.)(1883m1)

Epaulets. Shoulder&#= 8209;pieces of metal, which were introduced about the 14th century to serve as a protection to the upper part of the arm. With this the epaulet worn by officers has nothing to do. The latter, which= is a kind of shoulder knot, was first worn in the latter half of the 18th century by men of fashion.(1891a1)

$H Epaulment. Architecture

(Arch.) A wall built to uphold earth.(1891a1)=

$H Ependytes. Christian

Ependytes Chr. (= ¦B= ,<= *b= J0= H[=3Dependutes], i.e. worn above). The "fisher's coat" of St. Peter. A coarse cl= oak worn by the monks of the Middle Ages over another garment; it is also cal= led, in the ancient MSS., superaria, superindum, and sagus rusticus. It is frequently described, especially in the East, as made of skins (= :0= 8T= J¬= H[=3Dmelotes], pelliceus).(1883m1)

$H Epergne.

(Fr. é= ;pargne, economy). An ornamental stand, with dish and branches, for the centre of a table.(1883m1)

$H Epernay Ware.

At Eper= nay were specially made glazed wares in relief for the service of the table, = in shapes such as a hare, a fowl, &c., in half relief; also surprise or puzzle jugs.(1883m1)

$H Epha or Ephah. Hebrew

Epha or Ephah. Heb. A measure of capacity, about 3 p= ecks and 3 pints.(1883m1)

Ephah. A Hebrew measure of capacity, equal nearly to= one English bushel. (1876c1)

$H Ephebeum. Greek

Epheb= eum Gr. (¦= N0= $,= Ã@= <[=3Dephebeion]). The large hall of a gymnasium, situated in the centre of the building, in which the youths (ephebi) pra= ctised gymnastic exercises.(1883m1)

$H Epiphi.

The eleventh month of the Egyptian sacred year. It began about the 16th May. (1876c1)

$H Ephippium. Graeco-Ro= man

Gr. (= ¦N= \BB= 4@= <[=3Dephippion], i.e. for putting on a horse). A saddle. Among the Greeks and Romans it wa= s a kind of pad, square or round in shape, and regularly stuffed. Saddle̴= 9;cloths hung from it, but it had no stirrups. The word sella, or sella eques= tris, became common in later times.(1883m1)

$H Ephod. Hebrew

Hebrew. A short upper garment worn by the Jewish pri= ests. The ephod, which was also worn by the Jewish judges and kings, was made of fine linen; that of the high priest consisted of a sleeved tunic, woven w= ith gold thread, purple, hyacinth, and twisted flax. Two sardonyx stones set = in gold adorned the clasps by which this tunic was fastened round the should= ers.(1883m1)

$H Epi and Épi or Girouette. Architecture [Also see Girouette (1891a1)]

Epi or Girouette, Fr. The complicated iron ornament = with which steeples and pointed roofs were surmounted in the architecture of t= he Renuissance period, replaced in modern times by the weather‑cock. A similar spiked ornament, of pottery or metal, is still common on the gabl= es of houses in Normandy.(1883m1)

Épi. (Arch.) An ornament of glazed earth or lead s= urmounting pointed roofs. Epis of earthenware were employed from the 13th to the 14th century, at which = time they were replaced by épis of enamelled faïence. The finest specime= ns of this class consist of a small square pedestal, sometimes decorated with h= uman masks. Above this pedestal is placed a fir cone, a basket of flowers, fol= iage of varied hue, or a bird poised on a small globe. Leaden épis are either ca= st or beaten with a hammer. Towards the end of the 15th century excellent resul= ts were obtained by combining these two kinds of epis. The Renaissance pro= duced some admirable specimens, consisting of capitals decorated with foliage a= nd surmounted by vases of graceful form. In the 17th century they assumed the form of colonnettes, vases, or chimaeras. Som= e are made to‑day in lead and after the best designs, but for the sake of econ= omy zinc is too often used instead of lead, and this material robs them of all chance of durability. ILLUS. epi(1891a1)<= /span>

$H Epic.

In Art, the graphic representation of an "epos,= " or event, cardinal in history.(1883m1)

$H Epichysis. Pottery

Epichysis Gr. and R. (= ¦B= \P= LF= 4H[=3Depichusis], i.e. that which pours = in). A Greek pitcher with a long neck and a handle; it was used for pouring wine into cups.(1883m1)

(Pot.) A jug from wh= ich wine was poured into a cup. It was a form of the Greek oe= nochoe (q.v.), and had a lip, through which the liquid ran, and a light delicate= ly‑shaped handle. In our cut an epichysis is represente= d with a drinking‑cup placed over its mouth. ILLUS. epichysi(1891a1)

$H Epicopus. Graeco-= Roman

Gr. and R. (= ¦B= \6= TB= @H[=3Depikopos], i.e. furnished with oar= s). A vessel with oars. (See NAVIS.)(1883m1)

$H Epicrocum. Graeco-= Roman

Gr. and R. A woman's garment, of a saffron yellow (c= rocus), whence its name.(1883m1)

$H Epicycloid.

"A curve described by the movement of the circumference of one circle on the convex or concave part of the circumference of another." (= Stormonth.)(1883m1)

$H Epideipnis. Greek

Epideipnis Gr. (i.e. following the dinner). The last course of a dinner or any kind of banquet.(1883m1)

$H Epidemia. Greek

Epidemia Gr. (lit. among the people). Festivals held= at Argos in honour of Juno, and at Delos and Miletus in hono= ur of Apollo. They received their name from the fact that these deities were supposed to be present at them, and to mingle with the people (¦= BÂ[=3Depi], among; *= := @H[=3Ddemos], people).(1883m1)

$H Epidote.

A mineral of a green or greyish colour; of the garnet family.(1883m1)

$H Epidromos.

Gr. (1) The mizen, or sail on the mast nearest to the stern, in vessels with several masts.

(2) A part of the oil‑press.

(3) A running rope passing through the rings of a la= rge net for catching birds, by means of which the huntsman, who was on the wa= tch, closed the net when the game had found their way into it.(1883m1)

$H Epigonation.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

Gr., Chr. An ornament peculiar to the Eastern Church= ; a lozenge‑shaped piece of some stiff material, hanging from the girdl= e on the right side as low as the knee= (whence its name).(1883m1)

$H Epigraph.

An inscription place= d upon a building to preserve the memory of its construction.(1891a1)

$H Epigrus. (See EPIURUS.)<= /span> (1883m1)

$H Epiphany. Christian

Chr. This festival is known by various names in the different European languages; and the names are either (1) mere productio= ns of the Latin name, or renderings of it; or

(2) refer to the manifestation to the Magi as the th= ree Kings, as the Dutch Drie‑Koningendag, &c.; or

(3) indicate it as the final day of the Christmas festivity, Twelfth Day, &= c. (See Smith and Cheetham's Diction= ary of Christian Antiquities.)(1883m1)

$H Epiphi. Egypt

Egyp. The third month of summer, called the season of harvests.(1883m1)

$H Epirhedium.

Epirhedium. R. (= ¦B= Â Gr., and rheda Gallic). A kin= d of chariot. The word was formed by the Romans as above, and is explained as = Ornamentum rhedarum, aut plaustrum. (See RHEDA, PLAUS= TRUM.)(1883m1)

$H Episcenium. Graeco-= Roman

Episcenium. Gr. and R. (= ¦B= 4‑F= 6Z= <4= @<[=3Depi‑skenion], i.e. above = the stage). A room situated above the stage, in ancient theatres, for the machinery.(1883m1)

$H Episcopalia.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Christian

Chr. The ring and the pastoral staff, the distinctiv= e marks of the authority of a bishop.(1883m1)

$H Episode.

A scene or group of = figures represented in some part of a picture, bearing little relation to the principal subject. The term is also applied to which represent one partic= ular incident in along chain of events. Thus we speak of a picture representin= g an "Episode in the Crimean War."(1891a1)

$H Episotron (&b= rvbar;B\<= /span>‑F<= /span>TJ<= /span>D@<= /span><[=3Depi‑so= tron]). (See CANTHUS.)<= /span> (1883m1)

$H Epistle Side.

Epistle Side (of a church). The south side.(1883m1)<= /p>

$H Epistomium.

Epistomium. R. (= FJ= `:= "[=3Dstoma], a mouth). The cock of a vessel or water‑pipe, which let out only a little water at a time.(1883m1)

$H Epistyle. Architecture

(Arch.) An architrav= e or horizontal beam placed on the capitals of columns, so as to hold them together and to act as a support to the upper part of a building.(1891a1)=

$H Epistylium.

Epistylium. Gr. and R. (= ¦B= 4‑F= Jb= 84= @<[=3Depi‑stulion]). An epistyl= e; literally, on the column (= ¦B= Â[=3Depi], on, and FJ= Ø8= @H[=3Dstulos], a column); that is, the architrave or lower beam of an entablature laid horizontally upon columns= . By analogy the term is used to denote the entire ENTABLATURE (q.v.).(1883m1)=

$H Epitaph.

Epitaph (= ¦B= 4J= VN= 4@= H[=3Depitaphios]).

(1) A eulogy pronounced at a funeral.

(2) Memorials of art in churches, in remembrance of = the dead.

(3) Inscriptions on tombs.(1883m1)

(Arch.) A tablet of = marble, stone, or metal upon which a funeral inscription is engraved. The term is also applied to the inscription itself.(1891a1)

$H Epiteretai. Egypt

The receivers of the Egyptian inland taxes under the Ptolemies. They replaced the Merismoi or publicans, whose conduct was nationally unsatisfactory. (1876c1)

$H Epithalamium. Greek

Gr. <= /span>A nuptial song. A fragment of verses from one of these songs, written by Hesiod, has come down to us.(1883m1)

$H Epithedes or Sima. Architecture

Arch. The upper member of the cornice of an entablat= ure.(1883m1)

$H Epitoga. Roman

R. A cloak worn over the toga.(1883m1)

$H Epitoxis. Graeco-= Roman

Gr. and R. That part of the catapult in which the mi= ssile was laid.(1883m1)

$H Epitrachelion.

Chr. (i.e. on the neck). The Greek name for the stol= e. (See STOLE.)(1883m1)

$H Epiurus.

Epiurus R. (= ¦B= \@= LD= @H[=3Depiouros]). A wooden peg used as a= nail.(1883m1)

$H Epizi.

Certain mountains near to Media, where the people fled for shelter from the invasion of Samsi-V= ul or Samas-Rimmon III., king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Epoch.&n= bsp;

A fixed and important period of novelty or change, w= hich gave a new and distinctive character to Art. (Fairholt.)(1883m1)

$H Epomadion.

Gr., Chr. The cord or ribbon by which relics, or cro= sses (ENCOLPIA), were suspended from the neck.(1883m1)

$H Eponym= .

An Assyrian officer analogous to that of Consul among the Romans. Each year the king nominated a magistrate, whose sole duty it was to give his name to the year in the chronological record= s. The highest officers of the crown had this right during the early yean of= a reign, the king himself being the eponym of the year of his accession. The next years were named after the Commander-in-chief, or Tartan, the Chief Eunuch, the Minister of State, and lastly the Governor of the Country, af= ter which the king selected the eponym from the other great officers of state= at his pleasure. (1876c1)

$H Équerre. Heraldry

(Her.) French herald= s use this term to describe a small square piece cut out of the corner of a shi= eld by means of an elbow of a different tincture. This device is common in Ge= rman coats of arms. The term escarre is also sometimes used. ILLUS. equerre(18= 91a1)

$H Eques.

R. Generally, any one on horseback, a rider, and by analogy a knight, that is, a patrician or man of distinguished family. Eques alarius was the name given= to the cavalry of the allies; eques cataphractus was a knight whose horse, as well as himself, was clad in complete armour; eques extraordin= arius were the picked cavalry in the service of the consuls; eques legionarius, eq= ues praetorianus, the praetorian cavalry; eques sagittarius, the mounted archers(1883m1)

$H Equestrian.

A term applied to st= atues which represent a personage mounted upon a horse. There were many celebra= ted equestrian statues executed by Greek and Roman sculptors. Lysippus, for instance, was the author of equestrian statues of Alexander and his generals. In modern times too the equestrian statue has been a favourite form of portraiture.(1891a1)

$H Equilibrium.

A term applied to a = figure in its natural and stable position and also to the arrangement of a composition, in which the groups, masses, and blacks and whites are well distributed and balanced.(1891a1)

$H Équipollé. Heraldry

(Her.) A French hera= ldic term used to describe a shield divided into nine small squares so as to f= orm a chequer board. The usual arrangement is to = have the four corner squares and the centre one of the same tincture, and the remaining four of some other tincture. ILLUS. equipoll(1891a1)

$H Equipped. Heraldry

Her. Fully armed, caparisoned, or provided.(1883m1)<= /p>

$H Equiria. Roman

R. (equus). Games instituted by Romulus, and celebra= ted at Rome = in the Field of Mars on the third of the calends of March (27th February). These games, held in honour of Mars, consisted of chariot‑races. There we= re two festivals of this name; the second was on the eve of the ides of March (14th March).(1883m1)

$H Equuleus or Eculeus.

Equuleus or Eculeus R. (lit. a colt, a young horse).= This was an instrument of torture on which slaves were placed astride. The law prescribed that all slaves called as witnesses should be examined under torture.(1883m1)

$H Equus.

R. A horse; properly a stallion, as opposed to cauterius, a gelding and equa, a mare.(1883m1)