$H Feather/s.
|
Feather. In Christia=
n art
(German) an attribute of St. Barbara; it is generally a peacock's feather.
This refers to an old German version of her legend, which relates that wh=
en
St. Barbara was scourged by her father, angels changed the rods into
feathers.(1883m1) |
|
FEATHER. An
attribute of St. Barbara (not named in our account of that saint), which =
she
bears in accordance with a legend which tells us, that when she was scour=
ged
on account of her faith, angels changed the rods into feathers. Such an
attribute is not borne by any other saint, and not frequently in pictures
which represent her. (1855f1) |
|
Feathers, Her. The f=
eathers
borne as crests and badges are generally those of the ostrich, sometimes =
of
the swan, the turkey, and a few other birds. Fig. 306 is a representation=
of
an early plume of ostrich feathers, as they are carved, with an escroll in place of a coronet, in the Abbey Church =
of St.
Albans. From the time of the accession of the House of Stuart to the crow=
n of
the
|
![](3D"fe_files/image019.gif")
$H Feathering/s.
|
Featherings, in
Architecture, are lacelike ornaments along the edges of arcs in windows,
canopies, &c.(1883m1) |
|
Feathering. (Arch.) =
A series
of foils or small arcs with cusps between them, which decorates the inner
surface of a Gothic arch. Feathering is also termed foliation.
[Foils.](1891a1) |
|
FEATHERING=
S. The ornamental
cusps or projecting points formed by the junction of small arcs in
architectural enrichments, and which are profusely employed in flamboyant
architecture, frequently forming an inner edge of elaborate, lace-like or=
nament
within the spandrils of an arch, as in the Church of St. Jacques, at Lieg=
e;
at other times they decorate the canopy of a tomb, but most frequently ap=
pear
within the boundary line of a window (as in our cut illustrative of the w=
ord
CINQUE-FOIL), to which they give a highly-enriched character, and prevent
that harshness naturally produced by a simply defined boundary-line, as t=
hey
artistically break the sudden opposition of decided light and shade. (185=
5f1) |
$H Februa, Februales.
|
R. A festival in |
$H Feeble.
|
FEEBLE. We=
ak in
conception or execution. A statue may exhibit this detraction as well as a
picture or drawing. It has been well remarked, that "feebleness of execution, it the artist be youn=
g, may
be conquered - feebleness of conc=
eption
never." (1855f1) |
$H Feeling.
|
The feeling of a pic=
ture may
be defined as that quality by which expression is given to the emotions
actuating the painter in the conception and execution of his design. This
"feeling" is only possible in the work of a painter who has
attained a perfect mastery over his material; for where the technique is
imperfect, expression of emotion or feeling is out of the question.(1891a=
1) |
|
FEELING. That visible quality in a work of=
Art
which forcibly depicts the mental emotion of the painter, or which exhibi=
ts
his perfect mastery over the materials of Art. It is that which he mental=
ly
felt when he originally conceived the work, and which he embodies to
similarly affect the spectator. The mere HANDLING of a work will, however,
sometimes deserve and obtain the same epithet. * * =
See the
word HANDLING. (1855f1) |
$H Feet.
|
In Christian art the=
feet of
Our Lord, also of angels and of the Apostles, should always be represented
naked, without shoes or sandals. (Fairholt.)(1883m1) |
|
FEET. In C=
hristian
Art, the FEET of our Lord, also of angels and of the Apostles, should alw=
ays
be represented naked, without shoes or sandals. (1855f1) |
$H Felicitas.
|
FELICITAS.=
The
appellation of a Roman goddess; a Christian martyr; and a traditional
empress, mentioned in romantic poetry only. 1. FELICITAS, a divine being,
agreeing with the Eudaemonia (Fel=
icity)
and the Eutychia (Good Fortune) of
the Greeks, in whom was personified the idea of happiness arising from
blissful occurrences. Thus, Felic=
ilas
very generally means more than Fortuna or Tyche, by which was meant chanc=
e or
luck. The Felicitas of the Greeks, Eutychia, is represented on many earth=
en
vessels as announcing to the spectator the desired result of the action
intended. We also meet with it as illustrative of success in arms, and of
happiness in marriage. On Roman coins she is represented with the MODIUS =
on
her head, the staff of Hermes in her hand, and resting on a CORNUCOPIA, b=
ut
her attributes differ according to circumstances. 2. St. Felicitas, a
Christian lady of |
$H Felicitas, St.
|
A Roman widow who su=
ffered
martyrdom in the time of Marcus Aurelius. Her seven sons were put to death
before her eyes because they would not renounce the Christian faith, and =
she
herself was afterwards cruelly slain, according to one account, by being =
put
in a cauldron of boiling oil. She is represented in art as amply draped a=
nd
holding a palm branch. Sometimes she appears standing in a cauldron, as in
Raphael's "Martyrdom of St. Felicitas,&q=
uot;
which is the most celebrated rendering of this subject. The date of her
martyrdom was November 23rd, A.D. 173.(1891a1) |
$H Felt.
|
(Fr. feutre). A sort of coarse=
wool,
or wool and hair. Felt hats were first made in |
$H Feminalia or Femoralia. Roman
|
Feminalia or Femoralia, R. (femur, the thigh). Short breeche=
s or a
kind of drawers which reached from the waist to about the knee. [Worn by
Augustus Caesar, who was very susceptible to cold.](1883m1) |
|
FEMINALIA or FEMORALIA (from femur the thigh). (Lat.) A kind of short pantaloons=
or
closely-fitting breeches, reaching a short distance below the knees, worn=
by
the Roman soldiers in their expeditions to cold countries: they are seen
depicted on the Column of Trajan, *
and on the Arch of Constantine, at * =
From
which our example is copied. (1855f1)
|
|
Feminalia. Short breeches worn by the Romans, which fitt=
ed
closely and reached to the knee, resembling our knickerbockers. They did =
not
come into general use in
|
![](3D"fe_files/image020.gif")
![](3D"fe_files/image021.gif")
$H Fendace. Armour<= /h1>
|
Fendace (armour).
The old name for the gorget.(1883m1) |
$H Fenestella. Architecture
|
(Arch.) In ecclesiastical
architecture the fenestella is the niche in w=
hich
the piscina, (q.v.) is placed.(1891a1) |
|
Chr. (lit. a small w=
indow).
A niche made in the wall of a church, near the altar, and containing the
stone basin in which the priest poured away the water in which he had was=
hed
the chalice.(1883m1) |
$H Fenestra, Window.
|
Fenestra biforis is a Gemel‑wi=
ndow,
formed by a double bay. Fenestra was the name given to the hole pierced in the
ears to receive the earrings, as also to the loop‑holes made in the
walls of a fortress.(1883m1) |
$H Fenestration. Architecture
|
The general arrangem=
ent of
windows in a building.(1891a1) |
|
Arch. A term which e=
xpresses
the disposition and arrangement of all the windows in a house.(1883m1) |
$H Fengite.
|
Fengite. Transparent
alabaster used for glass in windows.(1883m1) |
|
FENGITE. A=
kind of
transparent alabaster or marble, sometimes used for windows, as in the |
$H Fent. Egypt
|
Fent. The surname of t=
he
Egyptian princess Uuhetu, of the XIIIth dynasty, which see. (1876c1) |
$H Fent-hemp-amenti. Egypt
|
The title given by some early Egyptologist=
s to
the deity Osiris in his form of Osiris-Rhotamenti,
which see. (1876c1) |
$H Fent-kaus. Egypt
|
The daughter of an early unknown Egyptian
king. (1876c1) |
$H Ferculum.
|
Ferculum. R. (fero, to
carry). Contracted form of fericulum, a tray, and thence the dishes carried upon a
tray; a course or remove. In a triumphal processio=
n the
term was applied to a platform for displaying an enemy's spoils, a rich
booty, images of the gods, &c.; or the ashes of the dead in a
funeral.(1883m1) |
|
FERCULUM. =
(Lat.) A small platform with arms=
to
rest on men's shoulders, and bear sacred shrines in religious, and spoils=
in
triumphal, processions; it is seen supporting the FERETORY in our next cu=
t,
and was in use by the ancient Egyptians for similar purposes. (1855f1) |
$H Feretory.
|
Feretory. Chr. (1) A=
richly‑ornamented
shrine, often of solid gold and set with jewels, in which the relics of
saints are carried in Roman Catholic processions. (2) The enclosure or=
chapel
in which the shrine was kept. Fig. 307. Silver Feretory or Reliquary, of good English
work, for the most part in repoussé.(1883m1)
|
|
Feretory. A shrine
resembling a small coffin in form, in which the relics of saints were car=
ried
in ecclesiastical processions. The feretory was frequently richly decorat=
ed
with chasing and enamel, if of metal, and with carvings in relief, if of =
wood
or ivory. Our cut, representing four monks bearing a feretory, is taken f=
rom
a MS. by Matthew Paris. ILLUS. feretory(1891a1)
|
|
FERETORY. (Ital.)
This term is applied to the bier or shrine containing the reliques
of saints, borne in processions. The type of a FERETORY is a coffin, but =
the
form is usually that of a ridged chest, with a roof-like top, usually
ornamented by pierced work, with the sides and top engraved and enamelled, and sometimes having images in high reli=
ef. It
was made of various metals. 1. Of solid gold and silver, adorned with jew=
els.
2. Of copper, gilt and enamelled. 3. Of wood,
overlaid with plates of metal, or richly painted and gilt. 4. Of ivory, o=
r of
crystal, mounted in metal and gilt. 6. Of wood, covered with precious stu=
ffs
and embroidery. * * =
See
Pugin's Glossary of Ecclesiastical
Ornament and Costume. There is a FERETORY in Westminster Abbey. Our c=
ut
is copied from a MS., by Matthew Paris, in the Cottonian Collection, mark=
ed
Nero, D. 1. (1855f1)
|
![](3D"fe_files/image022.gif")
![](3D"fe_files/image023.gif")
![](3D"fe_files/image024.gif")
$H Feretrum or Pheretrum.
|
Feretrum or Pheretrum. Gr.,
R., and Chr. (Lat. capulus).
A bier; sometimes a shrine. The term was used at a period when coffins we=
re
uncommon; more properly the FERETORY, I (q.v.).(1883m1) |
$H Feriae.
|
R. Days of festival =
among
the Romans; they were classed as follows: (1)
Feriae statae<=
/i> or stativae, which
were held regularly on the days indicated in the calendar; these were the=
immovable festivals, such as the=
Agonalia, Carmentalia, =
Lupercalia, &c. (2)
Feriae conceptae,
or conceptiv=
ae,
which were held every year, but at uncertain intervals; these were the movable festivals, such as the <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Latinae, Sementivae, (3)
Lastly, there were the feriae imperativae
or official festivals, which =
were
held by order of the dictators, consuls, or praetors. All feriae were dies nefasti,
on which lawsuits, political transactions, &c. were impious, and slav=
es
were relieved of their labour. The feriae Latinae=
were the most important of all Roman festivals.(1883m1) |
$H Feridun.
|
The grandson of Djems=
hid.
He was raised to the throne by the people of Ispahan=
,
who, at the instigation of Caveh the blacksmi=
th,
had slain the monster Zohak, which see. His r=
eal
name was Thraetaona. (1876c1) |
$H Fermail. Heraldry
|
Her. A buckle.(1883m=
1) |
$H Ferr. Heraldry
|
Her. A horse‑s=
hoe.(1883m1) |
$H Fer=
rara
|
A manufactory of maj=
olica in
North Italy, described by Jacquemart as "=
;one
of the most brilliant in |
$H Ferrea Solea.
|
A horseshoe. (See SO=
LEA and
HIPPOSANDALIUM.)(1883m1) |
$H Ferriterium.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
A prison for slaves.=
Synonym
of ERGASTULUM (q.v.).(1883m1) |
$H Ferula.
|
R. The fennel; a pla=
nt with
which children were beaten for slight faults, and thence a cane or stick =
with
which slaves were chastised.(1883m1) |
$H Fervers.
|
In Zendic myth=
ology
the third rank of celestial deities, being the souls of every object that=
had
life, to which therefore prayers were offered. A species of celestial man=
es.
(Lenormant.) (1876c1) |
$H Fess or Fesse. Heraldry
|
Fess. (Her.) The fess is one of the principal
ordinaries in heraldry. It crosses the shield horizontally and occupies o=
ne
third of its width. The bar i=
s a
diminutive of the fess, occupying only one‑fifth of the shield. The=
closet or barrulet are diminutives =
of the
bar.(1891a1) |
|
FESSE. A t=
erm in
heraldry, to designate a broad band of metal or colour which crosses the
shield horizontally, and upon which other charges are occasionally emblaz=
oned.
(1855f1) |
|
Fesse, Her. One of the ordinaries. A broad hand of m= etal or colour crossing the shield horizontally. <= o:p> Fig. 308. Fesse.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"fe_files/image025.gif")
$H Fess‑point or Fesse‑point. Heraldry
|
Fess‑point. (H=
er.) The
centre point in a shield.(1891a1) |
|
Fesse‑point, H=
er. The
central point of an escutcheon.(1883m1) |
|
FESSE-POIN=
T. In
heraldry, is the central point of an escutcheon. (1855f1) |
$H Fesse‑wise, In
Fesse. Heraldry
|
Her. Disposed in a
horizontal line, side by side, across the centre of a field, and over the=
fesse‑point of a shield.(1883m1) |
$H Festivals. Egypt
|
Innumerable
festivals were held during the year in honour of various gods. Harvest
festivals were held in honour of the god MIN. Part of the year was devote=
d to
those held in honour of Osiris, at the end of which, on the 30th of the m=
onth
Khoiak, a
strange festival was held at Busiris to comme=
morate
the setting up of the backbone of the god. A mock fight was then carried =
on
between priests of different sanctuaries, possibly symbolizing the fight
between Set and Osiris. Perhaps the most universally acknowledged of all =
the
festivals were those in honour of HAPI the |
$H Festival Songs of Isis and =
Nephthys.
Egypt
|
A
work probably not older than the XXVIth Dynas=
ty;
the author is unknown. It forms part of the funeral hieratic papyrus of <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Nesi Amsu (q.v.) (No. 10158 in the "The
subject of the verses throughout is the destruction of Osiris by Set, and=
the
reconstruction of his body by Isis and Nephthys."(1902b1) |
$H Festoon. <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Architecture
|
Festoon. (Arch.) An
architectural ornament of great beauty and variety. It generally consists=
of
foliage, flowers, or branches intertwined or bound together. It is peculi=
arly
appropriate for the adornment of friezes. In the pointed style of
architecture festoons consist of a series of lobes or indents. Festoons w=
ere
employed with excellent effect by the architects of the Renaissance style=
. A
representation of a festoon will be found under the heading Encarpa.(1891a1) |
|
FESTOON. A carved ornament in wood, stone,
&c., usually in the form of a garland or wreath, composed of flowers,
fruits, leaves, &c., bound together, and suspended by the ends. It was
employed by the architects of the middle ages, frequently with much succe=
ss,
in their friezes of the composite order. It is usefully and aptly employe=
d in
decoration. ** **=
See
ENCARPA and its illustrative cut, p. 172. (1855f1)
|
|
Festoon. Arch. Garla=
nd of
flowers. (Fig. 309.) (See ENCARPA.) Fig. 309. Festoon=
of
foliage.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"fe_files/image026.gif")
![](3D"fe_files/image027.gif")
$H Festra.
|
R. An abbreviation a=
nciently
employed for FENESTRA (q.v.).(1883m1) |
$H Festuca or Vindicta. Roman
|
R. The rod which the=
lictor held over the head of a slave during the cer=
emony
of manumissi=
o,
by which he was given his freedom. (See MANUMISSIO.)(1883m1) |
$H Fetter‑lock. Heraldry
|
Her. A shackle, padl=
ock; a |