$H Giallo, Giallolino, or Gialdolino. Painting

Giallo, Giallolino, Gialdolino, It. Pale yellow. (see MASSICOT.)(1883m1)

Giallolino. (Paint.) A name given by the Italians to what= is generally known as Naples yellow (q.v.). It is an opaque pigment of good body, and is composed of antimony and oxide of lead.(1891a1)

GIALLO, GIALLOLINO, GIALDOLINO (Ital.), PALE YELLOW. This word, variously employed by the early writers on Art, most commonly meant the yellow oxide of lead, or MASSICOT, the fin jaune of the French. But it was evidently employed to designate very dissimilar products. **

**= See Mrs. Merrifield's Ancient Practic= e of Oil-Painting, &c. Lo= ndon: 1849. Vol. I., c. lvi.(1855f1)

$H Giammu.

The king of a district on the river Belichus. He attempted to resist the progress of Shalmaneser II., but was murdered by his subjects in order that they might make peace with the king of = Assyria. His cities were Killala and Tulsaabilahi. (1876c1)

$H Giants, The. Mythology

In Greek mythology t= he giants were a race of monsters who sprang from= the blood of Uranus. They made war upon the gods for a long time with success= . Athene and Zeus were unable to destroy them until t= hey called in the aid of Heracles. [Gigantomachia.](1891a1)=

$H Giaour. Turkish

Turkish. An unbeliev= er in Mohammed.(1883m1)

$H Gigantomachia.

The war of the gods = with the giants was a favourite subject with Greek sculptors. It was represented on many famous reliefs. It formed the subje= ct of the metopes on the eastern façade o= f the Parthenon, as well as of the great frieze which decorated the altar dedic= ated to Zeus at Pergamum.(1891a1)

Gr. A favourite subject of Greek art, representing the War of the Giants, sons of Coelus and Terra, against Jupiter. They "heape= d Ossa on Pelion" to scale heaven, and were defeated by Hercules. They are represented as of vast stature and strength, having their feet covered wi= th scales. A beautiful cameo in the Naples Museum represents= Jove in his chariot subduing the giants. In 1875 the German expedition found a= mong the ruins of a temple at Pergamus a series of sculptures of almost colossal proportions, representing, as Pliny describ= es them, the Wars of the Giants. These sculptures are now in the Berlin Museum.(1883m1)

$H Gigartus.

One of the Phenician<= /span> cities of the Triapolis, which see. (1876c1)<= o:p>

$H Gigim.

In Accadian mythology the name of a class of mysterious evil spirits who afflicted mankind. They were called by the Assyrians Ekim.(1876c1)

$H Gihon.

In Hebrew tradition a river of Paradise= . It is considered by Aryan scholars to have been the Oxus. (1876c1)

$H Gilding.

The art of applying gold either in leaf or dust to surfaces of metal, stone, or wood. The gold thus applied is itself termed= gilding. The art is one of great antiquity, but it is only in modern times that the method of applying a t= hin coating of gold has been discovered.(1891a1)

GILDING. The process of covering various s= ubstances with a thin coating of gold, its extreme tenuity being modern; the ancient gilders placing a very thick coat on the surfac= e of the article to be gilt, made of thin beaten leaves of metal. Juvenal, in = his "13th Satire," notes a roguish practice -

"-------- Some pilfering knave will try

From Neptune's cheek, or great Alcides' thigh,

To scrape the gilding; or from Castor stea= l

All of his plating that their hands can feel."

There are = three methods of GILDING. One by fire, called amalgama; the other, in Italian, olla spada= ro (after the manner of of a sword-cutler); the former is effected by dissol= ving gold in aqua regia (nitromuri= atic acid), the latter by laying on gold-leaf. The last process, which promise= s to supersede the others, is ELECTRO-GILDING. There are also three subdivisio= ns of the Art, known as water-gildin= g, in which the gold is spread whilst reduced to and in a fluid state by solution in mercury; leaf-gilding= , performed by cementing thin leaves of gold upon the work, either by the u= se of size or oil; and japanner's-gi= lding, in which powdered gold-dust is made to adhere to the pattern formed by me= ans of adhesive gums or varnish. (1855f1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Electro. <= /h2>

In this process the = objects which are to be gilded are plunged into specially prepared baths of chlor= ide of gold and submitted to the action of an electric current. A fine film of gold is thus deposited upon the objects.(1891a1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Glass.

A process which cons= ists in applying to glass a layer of chloride of platinum mixed with essence of <= span class=3DSpellE>terebinth and plunging the object in a gold bath af= ter it has been fired.(1891a1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Matt.

A process in which g= ilt objects are dulled by means of mercury, or have a similar aspect given to them by means of acids or are covered with a coating of silver and copper before being plunged in the gold bath.(1891a1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Japanner's.

In this process the = pattern to be gilded is drawn upon a flat surface and covered with glue or some adhesive varnish. Powdered gold dust is then sprinkled upon it.(1891a1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Leaf.

A process which cons= ists in covering the surface to be gilded with glue or size, and then laying on t= hin gold leaf.(1891a1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Oil.

In this process the = objects to be gilded are covered with a preparation of thick oil before the gold = colour is laid on. Then leaves of gold are applied = and finally a coating of varnish, which preserves the gold from the action of= the air.(1891a1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Water.

In water gilding the gold is reduced to a fluid state by solutio= n in mercury and then laid on.(1891a1)

$H Giles, St.

Giles, St. St. Giles= the hermit was by birth an Athenian, but having discovered in himself early in life the gift of working miracles he left Greece and became a hermit.= He lived for many years in a cave near Nîmes, and here happened the event with which he is always associated in art. One day the King of France was out hunting, and the stag, which he had wounded with an arrow took refuge in the cave of St. Giles= . The King on tracking the stag was astonished to find the wounded animal crouching at the foot of the holy man, and at once implored his forgivene= ss. St. Giles, then, is always represented as an aged hermit, with a stag pie= rced by an arrow at his side. He is a popular saint in = England and Scotland.(1891a= 1)

GILES, ST., THE HERMIT, SAINT GILLES (Fr.), SANT. EGIDO (It= al.) This saint has obtained great popularity both in England and Scotland, as wel= l as in France. He is usually represented as an old man with a flowing white beard, naked= , or clothed in white, the colour of the habit of the Benedictines. He was bor= n at Athens, and died in France, A.D. 725. He is the= patron of beggars and cripples, and lived a secluded life in a cave, where he was nourished by the milk of a hind. The King of France, hunting in that neighbourhood, accidentally wounded him in the knee with an arrow, which = the saint would not permit to be cured, and hence he became a cripple. He is generally represented with an arrow in his knee, and the faithful hind be= side him. The churches dedicated to this saint are usually at the outskirts of= a town, as if connected with alms-giving to beggars, who congregated there.= In London, one of h= is churches was founded "at Cripplegate," where such poor persons = were wont to assemble for charity. (1855f1)

$H Gillo.

R. A wine‑cool= er, of earthenware.(1883m1)

$H Gillotage.

Under the term gillotage, which is derived from the name of its inventor, Gill= ot, are included all those processes which consist in producing upon zinc by means of acids the relief of a drawing traced upon it in printer's ink. A plate thus results, from which proofs may be struck by the ordinary proce= sses of typography.(1891a1)

$H Gimirri.

A people who, together with the Scythians, ravaged Assyria and Media at the downf= all of the Assyrian empire. They were the Cimmerians of Classic history. (1876c1= )

$H Gimmel Ring.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Heraldry

Her. Two, sometimes = three annulets interlaced. (Fig. 353.)

Fig. 353. Gimmel Rings. The = device of Cosmo de' Medici.(1883m1)<= /o:p>

$H Gimp.

A trimming of thread= or silk with large meshes. The word is used, as is dentel, to denote a kind of ornament employed in Gothic architecture.(1891a1)

$H Gimtu.

A Philistian c= ity conquered by Sargon II. after the defeat of Yaman, king of Ashdod. It was also called Gnirzo. (1876c1)

$H Gindibuh.

An Arabian chief who entered into a Syrian confederacy against Shalmaneser II., bringing= a force of 1000 camels to aid his allies, who were all defeated by the king= of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Gingham.

Gingham (Javanese ginggan= ). Cotton cloth, woven from dyed yarns; distinguished from cloth printed or = dyed after weaving.(1883m1)

$H Gingia.

A district bordering on Assyria, which was rendered tributary by Samsi-Vul or = Samas-Rimmon III. (1876c1)

$H Ginginai.

A country near Media (?) which was rendered tributary by Samas Rimmo= n, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Ginglymus.

Ginglymus R. ((\((8L:@H[=3Dginglumos]). A = hinge moving in a socket.(1883m1)

$H Gingrinus.

Gingr= inus R. ((\((D"H[=3Dgingras]). A flute used at funerals.(1883m1)

$H Ginkhidai.

A country rendered tributary by Samas-Rimmon, king of Assyri= a. (1876c1)

$H Ginkhukhtai.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

A country rendered tributary by Samas-Rimmon, king of Assyri= a. (1876c1)

$H Ginnungagap.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology a great chaos, or rather void space, bounded on the North side by the cold region Niflheim, and on the South by the warm district Muspelheim. Out of the drops coming from twelve rivers which flowed from Niflheim into Ginnungagap, coming into contact with the heat of Muspelheim, the first giant Ymir was created. See Ymir. (1876c1)

$H Ginzinai.

A country rendered tributary by Samas-Rimmon, king of Assyri= a. (1876c1)

$H Giöll. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology a river which separated the land of shades from earth. It was crossed by a bridge of go= ld. (1876c1)

$H = Gipciere or Gipcières.

Gipciere. (Cost.) A bag suspended at the waist and worn= as a purse by men and women in the Middle Ages. Its etymological meaning is a = game bag, but it soon lost this signification, and generally denotes, as we ha= ve said, a purse or pouch.(1891a1)

GIPCIERE. = (From the old French word gibeciè= ;re, a pouch, bag, poke, or scrip.) The purse worn at the girdle, and which was formed of leather, velvet, or silk, and constantly carried by both sexes = in the middle ages, suspended from the waist by silken cords or leathern tho= ngs; hence the term "cut-purse" applied to a person who steals money, and ultimately to a thief in general. (1855f1)

Gipci= ères. Richly‑ornamented leather pu= rses of the 14th and 15th centuries. They were often engraved with religious mottoes. (Fig. 354.) Fig. 354. Gipci&e= grave;re.(1883m1)

$H Gipon.

Probably the same as= gambeson.(1883m1)

$H Girandole.

Girandole. A large k= ind of branched candlestick.(1883m1)

Girandole. A chandel= ier with several branches, sometimes constructed to resemble a bunch of flowers. I= t is used to illuminate large halls.(1891a1)

GIRANDOLE.= (Fr.) A. candlestick with branche= s for a group of lights; sometimes constructed to resemble a bunch of flowers. A branched candlestick, or a chandelier. (1855f1)

$H Girdadi.

A king of the people of Assaya in Mesopotamia, who paid tribute to Assurnazirpal. (1876c1)

$H Girder. Architecture

(Arch.) A piece of t= imber or iron placed horizontally either on a continuous wall or on pillars set at= a distance from one another, and serving as the base of a roof, floor, &= ;c. Girders, as they often have to support considerable weights, should not be left without support along their whole length. ILLUS. gird= er(1891a1)

$H Girdled, Girt. Heraldry

Her. Encircled or bo= und round.(1883m1)

$H Girdle, Zone. Costume

GIRDLE, ZO= NE. A. belt worn round the loins of both sexes; chiefly used to sustain the tunic during active exertion, such as hunting or travelling. Also worn round the cuirass, as a constituent part, and to support the kilt. The girdle was a= lso used instead of a purse to hold money. In Christian Art, the GIRDLE is an attribute of <= st1:City w:st=3D"on">St. Thomas, in pictures of the "= Assumption of the Virgin." (1855f1)=

$H Girdles. Costume

These were the most beautiful and costly articles of dress during the Middle Ages. They were frequently made entirely of gold or silver, decorated with cameos, precio= us stones, &c. Besides the knightly sword; the purse, dagger, rosary, or= penner and ink‑horn and other objects were suspended from the girdle. From this word the waist was called the girdlestead, or place (sted<= /i>) of the girdle. The girdles of ladies were equally splendid, and frequently depended nearly to the ground, as in Fig. 355. The girdle is an attribute= of St. Thomas, fro= m a legend that the Virgin, pitying his weakness of faith, threw down to him = her girdle, after her assumption into heaven. Fig. 355. Girdle of a Flemish lady of the 15th century.(1883m1)

$H Girgillus.

R. A roller turned b= y a windlass, for drawing up the bucket of a well. (See JACK.)(1883m1)

$H Girouette. Architecture

Girouette. (See EPI.)(1883m1)

GIROUETTE.= (Fr.) The ornament on the summit = of a gable; a vane, or weathercock. (See EPI.) (1855f1)

Girouette. (Arch.) A movable sheet of metal placed on the summit of a roof and fixed to a vertical shank. It indicates the directio= n of the wind. In the Middle Ages square girouettes were only placed on the castles of knights banneret; simple knights had only the right to set = up a pointed girouette. There are still in existen= ce some curious girouettes decorated with armori= al bearings, such as fleur‑de‑lis, &c. ILLUS. girouett(1891a1)

$H Girt. Her. (See GIRDLED.) (1883m1)

$H Girtabkabi.

Girtabkabi. "The Doub= le Sword." In Chaldean astronomy an unidentified fixed star. (1876c1)=

$H Gisarme.

Gisarme. A scythe= 209;shaped weapon with a pike, fixed on a long staff.(1883m1)

GISARME. A= weapon borne by foot-soldiers, affixed to the end of a long staff, and used simi= larly to the bill for attacking cavalry. It was scythe-shaped, with a long sharp pike projecting from one side. It was known in the twelfth century, and is constantly represented in mediaeval battle-scenes. It was used as late as= the Battle of Flodden. FIGURE(1855f1)

$H Gisdhubar.

Gisdhubar= . "Mass of Fire." Another form of the name of the mythical hero Izdubar, which see. (1876c1)

$H Gista.

A king of the country ofAbdanai, who paid tribute to Samas-Rimmon, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Gittern. Old English

O.E. A small guitar,= strung with catgut.(1883m1)

$H Givre. (See WYVERN.) (1883m1)

$H Gizdhubar. Or Izdubar. [See Izdubar - Editor]

$H Gizilbunda.

A district near Armenia destroyed in a grea= t part by Samsi-Vul or Samas-Ri= mmon III. (1876c1)

$H Gjel.

In Scandinavian mythology the name of one = of the horses of the gods. (1876c1)

$H Giallo, Giallolino, or Gialdolino. Painting

$H Giammu.

$H Giants, The. Mythology

$H Giaour. Turkish

$H Gigantomachia.

$H Gigartus.

$H Gigim.

$H Gihon.

$H Gilding.

--- $H Gi= lding, Electro. <= /h2> In this process the = objects which are to be gilded are plunged into specially prepared baths of chlor= ide of gold and submitted to the action of an electric current. A fine film of gold is thus deposited upon the objects.(1891a1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Glass. A process which cons= ists in applying to glass a layer of chloride of platinum mixed with essence of <= span class=3DSpellE>terebinth and plunging the object in a gold bath af= ter it has been fired.(1891a1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Matt.

--- $H Gi= lding, Japanner's.

--- $H Gi= lding, Leaf.

--- $H Gi= lding, Oil.

--- $H Gi= lding, Water. In water gilding the gold is reduced to a fluid state by solutio= n in mercury and then laid on.(1891a1)

$H Giles, St.

$H Gillo.

$H Gillotage.

$H Gimirri.

$H Gimmel Ring.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Heraldry

$H Gimp.

$H Gimtu.

$H Gindibuh.

$H Gingham.

$H Gingia.

$H Ginginai.

$H Ginglymus.

$H Gingrinus.

$H Ginkhidai.

$H Ginkhukhtai.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

$H Ginnungagap.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

$H Ginzinai.

$H Giöll. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

$H = Gipciere or Gipcières.

$H Gipon.

$H Girandole.

$H Girdadi.

$H Girder. Architecture

$H Girdled, Girt. Heraldry

$H Girdle, Zone. Costume

$H Girdles. Costume

$H Girgillus.

$H Girouette. Architecture

$H Girt. Her. (See GIRDLED.) (1883m1)

$H Girtabkabi.

$H Gisarme.

$H Gisdhubar.

$H Gista.

$H Gittern. Old English

$H Givre. (See WYVERN.) (1883m1)

$H Gizdhubar. Or Izdubar. [See Izdubar - Editor]

$H Gizilbunda.

$H Gjel.

--- $H Gi= lding, Electro. <= /h2>

In this process the = objects which are to be gilded are plunged into specially prepared baths of chlor= ide of gold and submitted to the action of an electric current. A fine film of gold is thus deposited upon the objects.(1891a1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Glass.

A process which cons= ists in applying to glass a layer of chloride of platinum mixed with essence of <= span class=3DSpellE>terebinth and plunging the object in a gold bath af= ter it has been fired.(1891a1)

--- $H Gi= lding, Water.

In water gilding the gold is reduced to a fluid state by solutio= n in mercury and then laid on.(1891a1)