$H Har. Egypt

Har. "Horus." A shorter form of the name o= f the deity Horus, sometimes also written Hor. (1876c1)

Har. A priest of the god Mentu. Period uncertain. (1= 876c1)

$H Hara.

Gr. and R. A pig‑sty, especially for a breedin= g sow. The term also denoted a pen for geese.(1883m1)

$H Harakaiti.

The ninth resting-place of the Iranians af= ter their exile from Aryanem Vaedjo, or the tenth abode of the Zends if that = is included. It was the country of Arachosia. (1876c1)

$H Har= an.

A town in = Yemen, whither Maad, the son of Adnan king of the Hejaz, was hidden by his father, after the battle of Dhat-Irak. (1876c1)

$H Har-ana-k-af-shat. Egypt

The name of one of the mystical deities wh= o is mentioned in the CLIVth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)<= /o:p>

$H Har-an-tat-ef. Egypt

One of the titles of the deity Horus. (187= 6c1)

$H Har-bai. Egypt

A prophet and priest of Amen-Ra of Thebes. He marri= ed the princess Ti-nefer-hotep, and was the father of Horsonf, who was also a pr= iest of Amen. (1876c1)

$H Har-benen. Egypt

The father of Ra-kheper-ka, a priest of Osiris, which see. (1876c1)

$H Harbisihu.

An early Babylonian king. He contended with Assur-zikur-esir, or Ezar, king of Assyria, a kingdom then rapidly rising into power. (1876c1)

$H Hard.

Hard. (Hardne= ss in Art). This term, applied to a picture, de= notes stiffness of drawing and harshness of outline. Hardness is characteristic of the earliest masters as well as= of modern painters who adhere slavishly to the teaching of academies and draw without feeling.(1891a1)

HARD. This= term, applied to a work of Art, designates that rigidity of drawing which characterises the works of the mediaeval artists. It is also applied to colouring, when a want of softness and delicacy is apparent in a picture.= It is generally used to designate a style which rejects the graces, and too rigidly adheres to the mere mechanism of Art. (1855f1)

$H Hardispa.

A city of the Yasubigalla, which was conqu= ered by Sennacherib and annexed to Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Hardness.

HARDNESS. = Want of refinement; academic drawing, rather than artistic feeling. (1855f1)

$H Hare.

Hare. Chr. In Christian iconography the hare symboli= zes the rapid course of life. Representations of this animal are met with on lamps, engraved stones, sepulchral stones, &c.(1883m1)

HARE. This= animal is sometimes introduced in the symbolism of the Church, to indicate timid= ity and innocence. (1855f1)

$H Harem. Egypt

The Harem in the modern Turkish sense of the word did not exist in old times. Some of the Pharaohs had several wives; but it seems quite incompatible w= ith the language in which the "mistress of the house" is spoken of, that the practice of polygamy and concubinage should have been common. A = few instances occur in which we find records of men with two wives.(1902b1)

$H Har-em-ha. Egypt

A sculptor of the XIIth dynasty. His wife's name was Khet-ankh. (1876c1)

$H Har-em-hebi. Egypt

An Egyptian officer of the XXVth dynasty, whose sarcophagus and mummy are in the British Museum. (1876c1)

$H Har-em-heb-i. Egypt

Har-em-heb-i. A son of Her-hor-si-amen, of the XXIst dynasty. (1876c1)

Hor-em-hebi. Or Haremhebi. The royal scribe, favourite of the king, and great chief of the soldiers, of an unnamed monarch of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

Har-em-heb-i. Or Horus Haremhebi. Surnamed &qu= ot;The Restorer." The last monarch of the XVIIIth dynasty. Although origina= lly brought up in the worship of Atin-Ra, he also adored the ancient, but rejected deity, Amen-Ra; and upon his accession to the throne, or soon af= ter, completed the revolution against the disk worshippers and their religion, which had begun at the close of the reign of Amenhotep IV., in whose cour= t he formerly held office. He fought against and subdued the Kushite Negroes, = and although at first only one out of eight rival kings in the different provinces of Egypt= , he became before his death the sole monarch of both the Upper and the Low= er countries. His queen, named Muts-natem, also exercised power in her own person of her sole right, and he was probably for a short time succeeded = by her, after a reign of not less than seven years. (1876c1)

$H Har-em-hue-f. Egypt

One of the mystical demons of the Egyptian incantational mythology. It assumed the form of a snake, and was supposed= to interpenetrate the souls of the deceased, and possibly of the living also. (1876c1)

$H Harge.

A town in South Palestine, which was conqu= ered by Vaiteh I., k= ing of Arabia, on his invasion of P= alestine against Assurbanipal. (1876c1)

$H Harhar.

A district between Ellipi (Ispahan) and Assyria, conquered and annexed to Assyria by Vulnirari III. (1876c1)

$H Har-hor. Egypt

Har-hor. "Horus the Supreme." The high-p= riest of Amen, in the reign of Rameses XII., and the first king of the XXIst dynasty. He assumed the command of the troops and the management of the public works, and on the death of Rameses XIII. he allied himself with the kings of Assyria, whom the Egyptians were no long= er able to overpower, and resigning an right to the domination of Mesopotami= a, usurped the throne of Egypt. He however conquered the Northern Syrians or Rotennu. He took to wife a Semitic princess, and gave Assyrian names to all his children, none of wh= om succeeded him, his grandson, Painetem, coming next to the crown. See Painetem. (1876c1)

$H Har-hut. Egypt

The winged disk of the sun with two pendant uraei. It was the symbol of Horus, the protector, and the Agathodemon of = the Greeks, or the Ferohir of the Assyrians. (1876c1)

$H Haria.

A Mesopotamian people, who were conquered = by Tiglath-Pileser I., kin= g of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Harilu.

A tribe in Mesopota= mia, who were conquered by Tiglath-Pileser II. (1876c1)

$H Har-im-hotep. Egypt

The father of Ankh-hapi, a priest of the deities Pthah and (king) Snefru, at Memphis. Period uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Har-khebu. Egypt

A priest of Apis, in the thirty-fourth yea= r of Darius Hystaspes. (1876c1)

$H Har-khem. Egypt

The keeper of the royal house of the women= of Seti I., of the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Har-khent-skhem. Egypt

One of the seven mystical spirits who is mentioned in the XVIIth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)<= /o:p>

$H Harlequin.

(It. Harlequ= ino, or little Harlay). The name is derived from that of a famous Italian comedian, who appeared in Pa= ris in the time of Henri III., and from frequenting the house of M. de Harlay= was so called by his companions. (M&e= acute;nage.)(1883m1)

$H Har-machis. Egypt

A name given in Egyptian mythology to the solar deity Ra, when in the horizon. The setting sphynx was the symbol of this deity; and the great sphynx in front of the Pyramid of Cheops was in= the earliest ages wrought out of the rock, in honour of the god; This statute= was already an old one in the time of the IVth dynasty, and it was subsequent= ly restored by Thothmes III. of the XVIIIth dynas= ty, who erected a temple between its paws. (1876c1)

$H Harmakhis. Egypt

The Egyptian Hor-em-Khuti or Hormakhu, "Horus of the two horizons." He is more especially the rising sun, and as such was represented by the great Sphinx on the pyramid plateau. He is also called Ra-Harmakhis as god of Helio= polis. He is always depicted with a hawk's head and usually with the disk and uraeus. (See HORUS.) <= span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-languag= e:EN-GB'>ILLUS. Harmakhis.(1902b1)

$H Harmamaxa.

Gr. and R. (= D= :‑V= :"= >"[=3Dharm‑amaxa]). A four= 209;wheeled carriage or litter covered overhead, and enclosed with curtains. It was generally large, and drawn by four horses, and richly ornamented. It was principally used for women and children.(1883m1)

$H Har-m-ankh-amen. Egypt

The overseer of the sacrificiants of the temple of Amen, the husband of the lady Isi-em-kheb and the father of the lady Ka-ka, which see. (1876c1)

$H Har-mena. Egypt

A priest of the god Harhut of Edfu, in the XIXth dynasty. His mother's name was Senuer. (1876c1)

$H Har-mi-ha.

The surname of the Egyptian king Antef III. (1876c1)

$H Harmisanda.

A district on the borders of Assyria, which was rendered tributary by Samsi-Vul or Samas-Rimmon III. (1876c1)

$H Harmonica.

A musical instrument consisting of a number of glass= cups fixed upon a revolving spindle, and made to vibrate by friction applied to their edges. These "musical glasses" are described in a work published in 1677. A harpsichord&= #8209;harmonica is a similar instrument, in which finger keys like those of a pianoforte = are used. (See the article in Encycl.= Brit., 8th edition.)(1883m1)

$H Harmonium. Music

A musical instrument having a key‑board like a pianoforte, and the sounds (which resemble those of organ pipes) produced= by the vibration of thin tongues of metal.(1883m1)

$H Harmony.

HARMONY. The principal means of produci= ng EFFECT in works of Art. It consists in the unity, connection, similarity, and agreement of one part with another, under the relations of form, light, a= nd colour. A perfect representation of the form of an object in nature is not sufficient; it must be in a good state of light and shade and colour befo= re any drawing be made of it; and should it not be presented in that state, = the deficiency must be supplied by the artist, according to his intuitive kno= wledge, or that which he may have acquired through study and practice. HARMONY pr= oceeds from a succession of the same forms in different degrees of distinctness;= every line is in harmony with another when it runs parallel with it, whether it= is a straight or a waved line; the harshness of isolated forms may be reduced and harmonised with the whole, by their being hinted at, or faintly repea= ted in various parts of the picture. HARMONY OF CHIAROSCURO is where the ligh= ts and shades are of the same degree of strength throughout. HARMONY OF COLO= UR is produced by the judicious tone of colours, which forms an agreeable repose, without a sameness of tints throughout a picture. (1855f1)=

$H Har-nascht. Egypt

Har-nascht. "Horus in Victory."<= /span> An Egyptian priest and director of the Golden Hall of an unnamed king of the XVIIIth dynasty. His mother was named Ti-hathor. (1876c1)

$H Har-nem-ata.

The Egyptian name of an uncertain Syrian t= own. (1876c1)

$H Harness.

HARNESS. A term derived from the old Anglo-Norman harnies, applied to armour or any defensive equipment. (1855f= 1)

$H Har-net-atef. Egypt

A high-priest of the god Amen Ra, at Thebes. He was a= lso an officer of high rank in the time of the XXVth dynasty. His sarcophagus and mummy are in the Britis= h Museum. (1876c1)<= o:p>

$H Haroeri. Egypt

A priest of the god Sennofer, which see. He lived in the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Haroëris. Egypt

The Greek name for a form of Horus, called in Egyptian "the elder,"= and son of one form of Hathor. He was worshipped at Letopolis (q.v.), and the double temple at = Kom Ombo was dedicated partly to him and partly to Sebek. In later times he w= as said to be a son of Ra. (See HORUS.)(1902b1)

$H Haroyu.

The fifth resting-place of the Iranians, a= fter their exile from Aryanem Vaedjo. It was the Aria of the Greeks, and is now called Herat. (1876c1)

$H Harp. Music

Harp. Egypt<= span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-= ansi-language: EN-GB'>. This instrument was in use in Egypt from the earliest tim= es, many varieties being depicted on the tomb walls. Sometimes it was played alone, sometimes with other instruments, and sometimes as an accompanimen= t to the voice. The number of strings varied from four to twenty-two. Some wer= e of great size, the musician standing to play. More often he sat on his heels= on the ground. The instrument either rested on the ground or was supported b= y a kind of prop. It was often ornamented with elaborate designs in colours. = (See HARPER, LAY OF THE.)(1902b1)=

Harp. A musical inst= rument, which was known in the most remote ages of antiquity. It is the attribute= of David and St. Cecilia. Our first cut gives a representation of an Egyptian harp, and 4 taken from a painting in a tomb at Thebes. The heraldic harp generally f= ollows closely in design the ordinary musical instrument of this name. but sometimes it approximates to the lyre. It is oft= en represented with two heads at the extremities, one human, the other of an animal, as in our second cut. The arms of Ireland, which occupy the t= hird quarter of the Royal Arms, are az= ure, a harp or, stringed argent. 2 ILLUS. harp1, h= arp2(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; <= /o:p>

Harp. The EGYPTIANS had various kinds of harps, some= of which were elegantly shaped and tastefully ornamented. The name of the ha= rp was buni. Its frame had no fr= ont pillar. The harps represented on the monuments varied in size from 6 1/2 = feet high downwards, and had from 4 to 28 strings. A beautiful Egyptian harp, = in the Louvre collection, is of triangular shape with 21 strings, but, like = all the harps represented on the monuments, it has no fore‑pillar. The strings were of catgut. ASSYRIAN sculptures also represent harps. These a= lso had no front pillar, and were about 4 feet high, with ornamental appendag= es on the lower frame. The upper frame contained the sound‑holes and t= he tuning‑pegs in regular order. The strings are supposed to have been= of silk. The GREEK harp, called kiny= ra, resembled the Assyrian, and is represented with 13 strings: it is an attribute of Polyhymnia. The ANGLO‑SAXONS called the harp the gleo‑beam, or "glee&#= 8209;wood;" and it was their most popular instrument. King David playing a harp is represented on an A.S. monument of the 11th century. It was the favourite instrument of the GERMAN and CELTIC bards, and of the SCANDINAVIAN skalds= . It is represented with 12 strings and 2 sound‑holes, and having a fore= ‑pillar. A curious IRISH harp of the 8th century, or earlier, is represented in Bu= nting's "Ancient Music of Ireland," having no fore‑pillar. The FI= NNS had a harp (harpu, kantele) with a similar frame, d= evoid of a front pillar. In CHRISTIAN ART a harp is the attribute of King David= and of St. Cecilia. St. Dunstan is also occasionally represented with it. In Heraldry the harp is the device and badge of Ireland. The Irish harp of = gold with silver strings on a blue field forms the third quarter of the royal arms.(1883m1)

HARP. An instrument of the highest antiquity; it is seen on the wall-paintings of Egyptian tombs,* and on anci= ent Greek monuments. The harp was sometimes much higher than the stature of t= he performer, and was placed on the ground. The trigonum, of triangular form, was held like the lyre in the hands of the musician. The number of string= s to the harp varied: those of the Parthians and Troglodytae had but four; tho= se of the Egyptians, from four to twenty-eight. In Christian Art, a harp is the attribute of King David and of St. Cecilia. St. Dunstan is also occasionally represented with it. FIGURE

* = Our cut is a copy of the painting in the famous tomb of Thebes, described by Bruce, and engra= ved by Rossellini. (1855f1)

$H Harpaga or Harpago.

Harpaga, Harpago Gr. and R. A general term, includin= g any kind of hook for grappling; more particularly a military engine invented = by Pericles, and introduced into the Roman navy by Duillius. It consisted of= a joist about two yards and a half long, each face of which was coated with iron, and having at one end a harpoon of iron or bronze; the other end was fitted with an iron ring, to which a rope was attached, so as to enable i= t to be drawn back when it had once grappled a ship or its rigging. Harpago or wolf was the term applied to a beam armed with a harpoon, whi= ch was employed to break down the tops of walls, or widen a breach already m= ade. [A flesh‑hook used in cookery to take boiled meat out of the caldron.](1883m1)

$H Harpakrut. Egypt

Harpakrut. "Horus the Child." The infantile form of the deity Horus. He was represented as an infant, with a long lock of hair pendant over his left side, and with the fore-finger of= his right arm pointing to his lips. In the time of the Ptolemies many of their eldest sons were represented under this divine form. (1876c1)<= /span>

$H Harpasebensha. Egypt

The Grecian form of a royal name of a mona= rch of the XXIst dynasty, but whom it is not certainly known. The name is only found in the lists of Manetho. (1876c1)

$H Harpastum.

R. A small ball employed for a game in which the pla= yers formed two sides. They stationed themselves at some distance from a line traced on the ground or sand where the harpastum was placed. At a given signal each player threw himself upon the ball, in order to try and send it beyond the bounds of the opposite party.(1883m1)=

$H Harper; Lay of the. Egypt

A chant or song "that is written before the harper," which is inscribed on the walls of two tombs at Thebes and transcribed in the Harris Papyrus. It is not a religious chant, but rather a moralizing poem in the strain of the Scriptural Ecclesiastes. One version ends thus:

"For no one carries away his goods with him,

Yea no one returns again who has gone thither."

A translation may be found in "Records of the Past," vol. iv.

ILLU= S. Harper.(1902b1)

<= o:p>

$H Harpies. [See Harpy - Editor]

$H Har-pi-ra. Egypt

An Egyptian deity. He was a form of the god Harpakrut, and was represented as wearing the solar disk and royal uraeus. (1876c1)

$H Harpocrates. Egypt

The Greek name for Horus, son of Isis, and= the avenger of his father Osiris. He is always represented in human form, and usually with his finger to his mouth. ILLU= S. Harpocrates.(1902b1)

<= /o:p>

$H Harpsichord. Music

A musical instrument intermediate between the spinet, virginals, &c., and the pianoforte, which supplanted it in the 18th century. It may be described as a horizon= tal harp enclosed in a sonorous case, the wires being struck with jacks armed with crow‑quills, and moved with finger keys.(1883m1)

$H Harpuskia.

A kingdom in Western Mesopotamia, which was conquered, together with its king Aza= u, by Shalmaneser II. (1876c1)

$H Harpy and Harpies.

Harpy. (Her.) A harp= y is an imaginary being having the head and breasts of a woman, and the wings, bo= dy, legs, and claws of a vulture or eagle. A good illustration of the employm= ent of harpies in heraldry is to be seen in the arms of the city of Nuremberg. ILLUS. harpy(1891a1)

<= /o:p>

Harpies, Gen. (= ~!= DB= L4= "4[=3DHarpuiai], i.e. the Snatchers). Wi= nged monsters, daughters of Neptune and Ter= ra, three in number, viz. Aëllo<= /i> (the tempest), Ocypetê = (swift‑flying), and Cêlêno; representing the storm‑winds. They had the faces of old women, a vulture's body, and huge claws; they were the representatives of the Evil Fates, and the rulers of storms and tempests. In Christian iconography the Harpies symbolize the devil and repentance. [In the so‑called "Harpy tomb" in the British Museum they are represented carrying off Camiro and Clytia, the daughters of Pandarus of Crete, as a punishment for his complicity with Tantalus in stealing ambro= sia and nectar from the table of the gods.](1883m1)

HARPIES. Imaginary beings of the ancient Mythology, representing the storm winds, and inhabiting Hades, in company with the Furies. They are depicted with the heads, breasts, and arms of females; and the bodies, feet, and wings of vultures. They were the instr= uments of the Evil Fates, and are represented in the "Harpy Tomb," fro= m Xanthus, now in the British Museum, as carrying off the daughters of Pandarus, as a punishment for his perjur= y. (1855f1)

$H Harquebus.

Harquebus. An improvement of the handgun introduced = in the 15th century, applying the invention of the trigger.(1883m1)

HARQUEBUS.= The cross-bow. (See that word,= and also ARBALIST.) The present term is a corrupt form of the old Latin arcubus, in use during the middle ages. (1855f1)

$H Harrisgalla.

The name of a great wall which was erected round the city of Ur by Ardusin, king of= Babylonia. (1876c1)

$H Harru.

A kingdom to the East of Assyria, conquere= d by Dayan-assur, the Tartan of Shalmaneser II. (1876c1)

$H Har-saf. Egypt

A royal scribe of the city of Memphis, in the = reign of Rameses II. (1876c1)

A spondist of the god Thoth. His father was named Empe-ankh and his mother Teti-ma-nefer. The period when he lived is uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Har-sam-toui. Egypt

A title of the god Horus, as the uniter of= the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt = under one sceptre. (1876c1)

$H Har-s-ankh. Egypt

An Egyptian gentleman of rank, of the XIIth dynasty. His mother's name was Sebek-hotep and one of his sisters was nam= ed Isis. (1876c1)

$H Har-scheft. Egypt

A surname of the deity Osiris. It was the Arsaphes of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Har-shaf. Egypt

Har-shaf. "Terrible Face." An Egyptian epit= het, early applied to the god Khnum. (1876c1)

$H Har-si-amen. Egypt

Har-si-amen. "Horus, Son of Amen.&quo= t; A name of = the deity Horus, in his character of a son of Amen Ra. (1876c1)

$H Har-si-esi. Egypt

Har-si-esi. "Horus, Son of Isis." The father of Pouisis, and the husband of the lady Taterkat. (1876c1)

Har-si-esi. <= /span>A priest of Amen, in the tenth year of Augustus Caesar. (1876c1)

Har-si-esi. In Egyptian mythology the elder Horus. H= e was called Aroeris by the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Har-si-esis. Egypt

A king of Zab-nuti. He was one of the twen= ty petty kings of Egy= pt under the Assyrian Icosarchy. (1876c1)

The name under which the Egyptian deity Ho= rus was worshipped at the city of Tsets in <= st1:place w:st=3D"on">Upper Egypt. (1876c1)

$H Hart or Hind.

Hart. A stag in its sixth year.

Hart = or Hind, in Christian art, originally typified solitude and purity of life. It was= the attribute of St. Hubert, St. Julian, a= nd St. Eustace.

Hart, Her. A stag with attires; the female is a hind= . Fig. 3= 78. Heraldic Hart.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

Hart. (Her.) A full&= #8209;grown stag is by heralds generally called a hart; the female, shown without horns, is called a hind. In Christian art the hart is the attribute of St. Hubert, St. Julian, and St. Eustace.(1891a1)<= /span>

HART, OR HIND. In Christian Art= , the emblem of solitude and purity of life, and the attribute of St. Hubert, St. Julian, and St. Eustace. It was also the type of piety and religious aspiration.**=

** "Like as a hart panteth after the water-brooks, so panteth my soul a= fter Thee, O God." - Psalm xlii. (1855f1)

$H Har-t-atef. Egypt

The son of Menkara, king of Egypt. To him were attribut= ed several mystical works and the discovery of the LXIVth chapter of the Ritual of t= he Dead. (1876c1)

$H Hartchea.

The form of the Armenian royal name Urtsa,= as given by Moses of of Khorene. (1876c1)

$H Har-te-ma. Egypt

Har-te-ma. "Horus the Executer of Justice." A title of the deity Horus, when he was represented as slaying the enemies = of the king. (1876c1)

$H Hartis.

A city in Mesopotam= ia which submitted to Assurnazirpal. (1876c1)

$H Harua. Egypt

The prime minister of the princess Amen-iritis, the daughter of Shabaka of the XXVIth dynasty. (1876c1)=

$H Har-uah-ankh-antef. Egypt

An Egyptian monarch, of the XIth dynasty. Nothing is known respecting him, and his name is not placed in the regnal lists. See Antef. (1876c1)

$H Har-u-pu-ka-ka-sharu-sha-bau. Egypt

The name of a mystical deity mentioned in = the CLXVth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead (1876c1)

$H Haruspices. Etruria

The Etruscan soothsayers, who divined futu= re events from the inspection of the entrails of victims; an art afterwards introduced into Rome. Haruspex is not an Etruscan mutilation of the Greek ιερόσκοπος, but is derived from the roots which have produced hira, "entrail," and specio, "to look at." The Etruscan equivalent (according to the bilingual inscription of Pisaurum) was netsvis trutnut. (1876c1)