$H Ho-ankh. Egypt

A Greco-Egyptian lady, the wife of the pri= est Inhehemto, and mother of Nefer-hor-hemt-oou-en-ra. (1876c1)

$H Hobal.

An ancient Arabian divinity; possibly a fo= rm of the Sun-god. (1876c1)

$H Hobelarii. Med. Lat. (See HOBLERS.) (18= 83m1)

$H Hoblers. Anglo-Saxon

A.S. Feudal tenants bound to serve as light horsemen= in times of invasion.(1883m1)

$H Hob‑nob. Old English

O.E. (Saxon = habban, to have; naebban, not to have= ). "Hit or miss;" hence a common invitation to reciprocal drinking.(1883m1)

$H Hobs. Egypt

A title applied to the god Horus. (1876c1)=

$H Hock‑day or Hock Tuesday.

Hock‑day, Hoke‑day, or Hock Tuesday. A h= oliday kept to commemorate the expulsion of the Danes. It was held on the second Tuesday after Easter. Hocking consisted in stopping the highway with ropes, and taking toll of passers&= #8209;by.(1883m1)

$H Hocus‑pocus.

Probably a profane corruption of the words hoc est corpus used in the Latin= mass.(1883m1)<= /p>

$H Hodhr. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the god of the d= ark winter. He was generally represented as being blind. (1876c1)<= /span>

$H Hoetumat.

The tenth resting-place of the Iranians af= ter their exile from Aryanem Vaedjo. It was the Etymander of the Greeks. (187= 6c1)

$H Hofhwarfnir. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the name of the horse of the goddess Gna. (1876c1)

$H Hoh. Egypt

An uncertain Egyptian goddess, having a serpentine (not an uraeus) head. (Wilkinson.) (1876c1)

$H Hoke‑day or Hock Tuesday. [See Hock-day - Editor]

$H Holocaust.

A sacrifice entirely consumed by fire.(1883m1)

$H Holocion.

HOLCION. An antique drinking cup, resem= bling a small cantharus, but without handles, and very much like the modern goblet. (1855f1)

$H Holmos.

HOLMOS. A rare and peculiar vase of an= cient Etruria<= /st1:place>, consisting of a globe-shaped bowl on a tall stand. We engrave one found in the ancient tombs at Cervetri. Its enlarged body enables it to receive a = considerable portion of liquid, and its comparatively high pedestal renders it easy for the bearer to lift it to his shoulders; so likewise the neck is adapted to pouring out its contents in the most secure and commodious manner. The co= ver prevents the water from flowing out. Long handles convey the idea of easy management. The sphere, forming the main body of the vase, is composed of= two pieces, and it is formed of thin sheets of hammered brass, put together by the means of nails; the artist has evidently been proud of his mechanical= skill, not only displaying his process, but even making a boast of it, by conver= ting it into an ornament. FIGURE (1855f1)

$H Holosericum.

(Gr. = Ó= 8@= <[=3Dholon], all; F= 0D= 46= `<, silk). A textile all silk.(1883m1)

$H Holy Bread.

Holy Bread, Holy Loaf, or Eulogia (Lat. panis benedictus). This was not = the eucharistic bread (which was used in the wafer form for the Communion), b= ut ordinary leavened bread, blessed by the priest after mass, cut up into sm= all pieces and given to the people.(1883m1)

$H Holy‑bread‑skep. Old English

O.E. A vessel for containing the holy bread.(1883m1)=

$H Holy Loaf.

$H Holy Water Pot. Christian

Holy Water Pot. Chr. A metal vessel frequently found= at the doors of Roman Catholic churches, to contain the consecrated water, w= hich was dispensed with the aspergillu= m.(1883m1)

HOLY-WATER= POT. A metal vessel, shaped like a = small bucket, used in the Roman Catholic Church to contain the consecrated wate= r. They were frequently chased and otherwise decorated on their surfaces; and were carried by a hooped handle. When the water was to be used an aspergillum was dipped into it, = and thus it was sprinkled around. (1855f1)

$H Holy Water Sprinkle. &nb= sp;

HOLY-WATER SPRINKLE. A term for a milit= ary club set with spikes, which inflicted severe blows, causing the blood to = fly, and thus jocularly named by t= he soldiery, on account of its resemblance to the sprinkling of the consecra= ted water by the aspergillum. (1855f1)<= /span>

$H Holy Water Sprinkler or Morning Star. Old English

O.E. A military club or flail set with spikes, which= sprinkled the blood about as the= aspergillum sprinkles the holy water.(1883m1)

$H Holy Water Stone. [Also see Stoup - Editor]

Holy Water Stone or Stoup. Chr. A stone receptacle p= laced at the entrance of a church for holding the holy water. Fig. 3= 87. Holy Water Stone (Renaissance).<= /span>(1883m1)

$H Holy-Water Stoup. [Also see Stoup - Editor]

HOLY-WATER= STOUP. A stone basin, or hollowed receptacle for holy-water, placed in the wall beside church doors, or just within them, for the use of the congregation entering or leaving the sacr= ed edifice. (1855f1)

$H Homa.

The name given by the Iranian philosophers= to the mystical water of life. (1876c1)

$H Homogeneous.

HOMOGENEOUS. (Gr.) A design, all portions of which tend to one great end. (= 1855f1)

$H Homologous.

HOMOLOGOUS. (Gr.) A figure whose two sides are duly proportioned, like tho= se of a Greek vase. (1855f1)

$H Hon.

An Egyptian measure of capacity, equal to = 75 pints. It was the Hin of Hebrew writers. (1876c1)

The modern name for the city and nome in <= st1:place w:st=3D"on">Upper Egypt which was called by the Greeks Phathy= ros. (1876c1)

$H Honey. Egypt

The Egyptians evidently succeeded in keeping bees, in spite of the scarcity of flowers, for honey enters frequently into their medical recipes. There is some evidence that in late times it was used for preserving the dead.(190= 2b1)

$H Honey. Egypt

HONEYCOMBE= D. Any surface having small irreg= ular punctures over it, like the cells of the honeycomb.(1855f1)

$H Honeysuckle Pattern.

Honeysuckle Pattern. A common Greek ornament, fully described by its name. (See FLEURON.)(1883m1)

Honeysuckle Pattern.= (Arch.) A pattern frequently used in Greek decorative art and termed honeysuckle as resembling the pl= ant of that name.(1891a1)

HONEYSUCKLE PATTERN. The term applied to= a Greek ornament much used by that ancient people. It is very clearly shown= in the cut illustrative of the word STELE; the upper part of the ornament up= on which bears considerable resemblance in form to a cluster of the unopened= petals of that plant. (1855f1)=

$H Honiton Guipure.

Lace was made in Devonshire, as well as in other par= ts of England, of silk and coarse thread until 1567, when the fine thread now u= sed was introduced, it is said, by Flemings, who had escaped from the persecutions of the Duke of Alva. (See OLD DEVONSH= IRE.) Honiton lace owes its great reputation to the sprigs made separately on a pillow, and afterwards either worked in with the beautiful pillow net or = sewn on it. This net was made of the finest thread from = Antwerp, the price of which in 1790 w= as 70l. per pound. (See MECHLIN LACE,= 18th century.) Heathcoat's invention, however, dealt a fatal blow to the trade= of the net‑makers, and since then Honiton lace is usually made by unit= ing the sprigs on a pillow, or joining them with a needle by various stitches= , as shown in the engraving. Fig. 388. Honiton Guipure.(1883m1)

$H Honix. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

Another name of the deity Vili, the son of Bör, and the brother of Odin. (1876c1)

$H Honour (Legion).

Honour. Legion of. Instituted 3rd June, 1802, by Napoleon I.<= /st2:Sn> as first consul.(1883m1)

$H Honourable. Heraldry

(Her.) This term is = applied to certain ordinaries to distinguish them from the subR= 09;ordinaries and from other charges. There are nine honourable ordinaries, the Chief, Pale, Bend, Bend Sinister, Fess, Bar, Cross, Saltire, Chevron.(1891a1)

$H Honover.

The creating word of the Supreme Being. It= is personified as a deity in the Zendavesta. See Memra. (1876c1)

$H Hon-pthah. Egypt

The son of Pthah-hat-ankh-ef, and the great-grandson of Orsokon II. of the XXIInd dy= nasty. (1876c1)

$H Hon-t. Egypt

A granddau= ghter of King Sebekhotep II. of the XIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

An Egyptian lady, the wife of Toti the flabellum-bearer of a king of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hon-t-kha-ra. Egypt

A daughter of Rameses II. of the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hon-t-khem-u. Egypt

The daughter of an Egyptian king, but of w= hat king it is not known. (1876c1)

$H Hon-t-mit-heb. Egypt

A daughter of Amenho= tep III. of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hon-t-to-kheb. Egypt

A daughter of King Amenhotep I. of the XVIIIth dynasty. (187= 6c1)

$H Hont-usen. Egypt

A granddaughter of Tetet, an early Egyptian king. (1876c1)

$H Hood.

HOOD. A covering for the head, somet= imes attached to the tunic or cloak, sometimes entirely constructed as a cover= ing for the head and neck. (1855f1)

Hoods (A.S. = Hod) were probably introduced by the Normans. They are constantly represented, with great variation of fashion, in illustrations of the 11th to 18th century, as a part of the costume of bo= th sexes. They were finally displaced by caps and bonnets in the reign of Ge= orge II. (See CHAPERON, COWL.)(1883m1)

$H Hoodman‑blind. Old English for BLINDMAN'S BUFF (q.= v.). (1883m1)

$H Hood‑moulding.

Hood‑moulding. A projecting moulding carried over an arch or other opening which serves the same purpose as the dripstone (q.v.).(1891a1)

HOOD-MOULD= ING. The moulding which surmounts a= door or window, forming a sort of hood or weather-guard. It is also termed a dripstone, or weather-moulding. (1855f1)

$H Hoops.

Hoops, in ladies' dress, were introduced in the reig= n of Queen Elizabeth, displacing the FARTHINGALE; and were finally abandoned in that of George III.(1883m1)

$H Hop‑harlot. Old English

O.E. A very coarse coverlet for beds.(1883m1)

$H Hophioauemes. Egypt

An Egyptian officer, the auditor and direc= tor of the palace of an unnamed king. (Leemans.) (1876c1)

$H Hophioouena. Egypt

An Egyptian priest, the chief of the proph= ets of Osiris (?) in the reign of = Osirtesen I. (1876c1)

$H Hophra. Egypt

(See UAH-AB-RA.)(1902b1) [for a k= ing of the Dynasty XXVI, the Apries of the Greeks - Editor]

Ouahabra. Or= Hophra. The surname of Psameti= k I., which see. (1876c1)

Ouaphres. Or Oubhara, or Hophra. An early unarranged monarch of the Ancient Empire. (1876c1) [NOT TO BE CONFUSED WI= TH] Ouaphres. A devotee of Apis, in the XXVth dynasty. He was the son of Hap-= mu. (1876c1)

Uah-abra. Or= Hophra. A governor of the South country, and superintendent of the royal dwellings in that district in the XXVIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hor or Horus. Egyptians

Hor. Or = Horus. An Egyptian gentleman, the son of Sent. He lived between the XIIth and XVIIIth dynasties. (1876c1)

Hor. A scribe of the army of Amenhotep III= . of the XVIIIth dynasty, and chief of the house of Qu= een Taia. His wife's name was Tabaret. (1876c1)

Hor. An Egyptian officer, the son of Senma= . He was priest of the goddess Ma and of the god Mentu, and also priest of the royal pyramid named Ka-nefer, in which Amenemha I. was buried. He died in the r= eign of Osirtesen I. of the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hora. Egypt

A royal scribe in the reign of Amenemha I.<= /st2:Sn> of the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

The royal scribe of Seti-Menepthah I. of the XIXth dynasty. His wife, Nofre-ari, was a priestess of Amen Ra. (1= 876c1)

A chief-priest of Amen Ra, director of the panegyries, and chief of a country unnamed, about the time of the XIXth dynasty. See Triaconterides. (1876c1)

$H Hor-Amen. Egypt

A complex deity, having the attributes of Horus added to those of Amen. He = is represented as Horus, with the side lock and finger to the mouth, and wea= rs the disk and plumes of Amen.(1902b1)

$H Horapollo. Egypt

The author of a fourth century, A.D., work in Greek on hieroglyphs. Nothing is known of the author except that he is called "an Egyptian." It = is probable that he was a Copt, and that the original of his work was writte= n in Coptic, the Greek form being a translation by one about whom we know noth= ing except that his name was Philip.(1902b1)

$H Horatia Pila.

R. A pillar erected at the west extremity of the Rom= an forum to receive the trophy of the spoils of the three Curiatii brought b= ack by Horatius.(1883m1)

$H Horbehutet. Egypt

The winged disk. He is also represented with two uraei, one on either sid= e of the disk, which are sometimes depicted wearing the crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt; they represent the goddes= ses of the North and South, Uazit and Nekhebt. Horbehutet was a solar deity who traversed Egypt with the sun god Ra, warding off evil from him and conquering his enemies. His symbol was placed over the gates and chamber doors of the temples to protect them from destruction. Edfu was the place where he was honoured as the nome god. I= LLUS. HORBEHUTET.(1902b1)

$H Hor-em-heb Egypt

, Ra-ser-kheperu , XVIIIth Dynasty, cir. 1332-1328 B.C., married Nezem-mut, who was probably the sister of Amen-hetep IVth's queen. Very little is known of t= he reign of this king; and his time seems to have been chiefly occupied in checking the abuses that prevailed among the military class.(1902b1)=

$H Hor-em-hebi. Or Haremhebi. Egypt

Hor-em-hebi. Or Haremhebi. The royal scribe, favourite of the king, and great chief of the soldiers, of an unnamed monarch of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hor-em-khu. Egypt

A royal scribe in the reign of Amenhotep I.= of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

Another form of the Egyptian sacred name Harmak-ra, or Harmachis, which see, as also see Sphynx. (1876c1)

$H Hor-hiun-amif. Egypt

A son of Rameses II. o= f the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hor-im-hotep. Egypt

An Egyptian captain under one of the Ptolemies. His father's name was Heribaset. (1876c1)

$H Horirem. Egypt

An Egyptian gentleman, the son of Outhor a= nd the lady Tahart. His mummy and sarcophagus are in the Leyden Museum. (1876c1)

$H Hor-iri-aa. Egypt

A priest of Apis, in the time of Darius Hystaspes. (1876c1)

$H Horizon.

The horizon in persp= ective is always situated at the height of the eye of the observer, and is represented by a straight line parallel to the line of the earth.(1891a1)=

$H Horizon, Horizontal Line.

HORIZON, HORIZONTAL LINE. A line drawn through the principal point or centre of a picture, level with the horizon (or that portion of the view where the extreme distance of the earth and = the sky meet), which determines the height of the eye in a picture. (1855f1)<= /span>

$H Horizontal.

A line or plane is s= aid to be horizontal when it is parallel to the horizon.(1891a1)

$H Horizontal Plane.

HORIZONTAL= PLANE. The plane parallel to the hori= zon. (1855f1)

$H Hor-merti. (Se= e EYES OF HORUS.)(1902b1)

$H Horminuter. Egypt

The father of Taspu, a wife of Takelot I. of the XXIInd dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Horns. Costume

A portion of a lady's head‑dress, mentioned in= the 13th century. They appear to have been formed by the foldings of the gorget or wimple, and a disposition of the hair on each side of the head into the form of rams' horns. For the horned head‑dress of the 15th century, see the illustration to CORONET. [Fig. 196. ed.](1883m1)

$H Horologium.

(1) Sun̴= 9;dials preceded all other instruments for the measurement of time. The gnomon or stocheion of the GREEKS was a perpendicular staff or pillar, = the shadow of which fell upon a properly marked ground; the polos or heliotropion= consisted of a perpendicular staff, in a basin in which the twelve parts = of the day were marked by lines.

(2) The clepsydra was a hollow globe, with a short neck, and holes in= the bottom; it measured time by the escape of water, and was at first used li= ke an hour‑glass to regulate the length of speeches in the Athenian courts. The escape of water was stopped by inserting a stopper in the mou= th, when the speaker was interrupted. Smaller clepsydrata made of glass and marked with the hours were used in families. A precisely similar history applies to the ho= rologia of ROME.(1883m1)

$H Horoscope.

HOROSCOPE.= (Gr.) A diagram noting the positi= on of the stars at certain times, used by the old astrologers in casting nativi= ties, &c. A mathematical instrument resembling the planisphere. (1855f1)

$H Hor-pet-u-ankhi I. Egypt

An obscure Egyptian king of the XXIst dyna= sty, of whom nothing but his name is known. (1876c1)

$H Hor-pet-u-ankhi II. Egypt

A king of the XXIst dynasty. He succeeded Pisem II., and was the last king of the dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Horreum.

Horreum (dimin. horreolum), R. (1) Literally, a place in which ripe fruits were kept; a granary, or storehouse for grain; horreum pub= licum was the public granary. (2) Any storehouse or depôt; horrea subterranea, cellars. (3)= It was applied to places in which wo= rks of art were kept, and Seneca calls his library a horreum.(1883m1)

$H Hor-sam-taui. Egypt

A form of Horus worshipped at Dendera and Edfu. He is represented as human-headed.(1902b1)

$H Hors Concours.

A term applied to ar= tists exhibiting in the Salon at Paris who have received all the highest awards, and so can only compete for the g= randes médailles d'honneur.(1891a1)

$H Horse.

In Christian art, the emblem of courage and generosi= ty; attribute of St. Martin, St. Maurice, St. George, and others. The Chinese have a sacred horse, which is affirmed to have appeared from a river to the philosopher Fou‑hi, bearing instruction in eight diagrams of the characters proper to express certain abstract ideas.(1883m1)

HORSE. The ancients excelled in the representation of the nobler kind of animals as well as in the human form, next to which the horse appears to have commanded their greatest admirati= on. The "Elgin Marbles" furnish some fine specimens of the skill of= the Greek artists in the treatment of this noble animal. Other specimens may = be distinguished; such as the horses of Monte Cavallo, those at Venice, that of Marcus Aurelius at R= ome, those of the Balbi, and one in the Florence Gallery. "The horse,&quo= t; says Müller, "was immediately connected with the human form in Greek statues of victors, and Roman equestrian statues. Although seldom s= lender and high, the horses of Greek works of Art, however, are very fiery and f= ull of life; those of Roman execution more clumsy and massive." In Christian Art the horse is re= garded as the emblem of courage and generosity; it is also taken in an opposite sense, and indicates luxury; it is not unusual to meet with it in the Holy Scriptures and the Fathers, both as an emblem of virtue and of vice; all = animals having their good and their bad side. In the Catacombs, the horse denotes= the swiftness of life, and we see sometimes a palm-wreath above its head, to denote that the palm of victory is not always to the swift. The horse is = an attribute of St. Martin, St. Maurice, St. George, and St. Victor, who are represented on horseback; as also is St. Leon in pontifical robes, blessing the people. (1855f1)

--- $H Ho= rse, in Egypt.

The horse was unknown in early history. It is represented for the first time = on monuments of the XVIIIth Dynasty, and may possibly therefore have been introduced by the Hyksos invaders who preceded this dynasty. In any case = they were an Asiatic importation. They were rarely used for riding, if we judge from the fact that no single representation of an Egyptian on horseback h= as been found. But one or two texts speak of men on horseback. They were use= d in large numbers for war chariots, and one papyrus speaks of their being used for ploughing. Appointments in the royal stables were important posts, carrying with them many duties. Ramses II. had= two favourite horses, whose names have been recorded. (See POEM OF PENTAUR.)(1902b1)

$H Horse‑brey. Heraldry

(Her.) This is an in= strument sometimes used to compress the nose of a restive horse. It is jointed at = the middle and has pointed teeth. It occasionally appears as an heraldic bearing, and is then often described as a pair of breys or barnacles. ILLUS. horsebre(1891a1)

$H Horsenedto. Egypt

An Egyptian deity, a form of the god Harpakrut, which see. (Wilkinson.) (1876c1)

$H Hor-shesu. Egypt

Hor-shesu. "Servants of Horus."<= /span> In Egyptian mythology the name given to the early period of the rule of the gods upon earth. (1876c1)

$H Horse‑shoe. Architecture

Arch. A form of the stilted arch elevated beyond hal= f the diameter of the curve on which it is described. (See ARCH.)(1883m1)

$H Hor-shesu, Egypt

Hor-shesu, or Shemsu-heru. The followers= of Horus who, according to the Turin Papyrus, are supposed to have reigned during the pre-dynastic ages in Egypt for about 13,420 years.(1902b1)

$H Hor-si-hise-t. Egypt

The son of Prince Sheshank, son of Osorkon I. of the XXIInd dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hor-son-f. Egypt

A prophet and priest of Amen Ra at Thebes. He was t= he son of Horhbai, a prophet of Amen Ra, and the lady Ti-nefer-hotep, a priestes= s of the same god. (1876c1)

$H Hor-ti. Egypt

The Egyptian name for the city and name in= Upper Egypt called by the Greeks Coptos. It was s= acred to the deity Min. (1876c1)

$H Hortitif. Egypt

The son of an Egyptian king, but of whom i= t is not certainly known. See Hartatef.(1876c1)

$H Hortus.

Hortus (dimin. hortulus), R. A pleasure‑garden, park, and thence a kitchen garden; horti pensiles were hanging gard= ens. The most striking features of a Roman garden were lines of large trees planted in regular order; alleys or walks (ambulationes) formed by closely clipped hedges of box, yew, cypress, and other ever greens; beds of acanthus, rows of fruit‑tre= es especially of vines, with statues, pyramids, fountains, and summer‑= houses (diaetae). The Romans were fo= nd of the art of cutting and twisting trees, especially box, into figures of animals, ships, &c. (ars topi= aria). The principal garden‑flowers seem to have been violets and roses, a= nd they had also the crocus, narcissus, lily, gladiolus, iris, poppy, amaran= th, and others. Conservatories and hot‑houses are frequently mentioned = by Martial. An ornamental garden was also called viridarium, and the gardener topiarius or viridarius. The common nam= e for a gardener is villicus or cul= tor hortorum. (Consult Smith's Dict. of Ant.)(1883m1)

$H Horus or Hor. Egyptians

Horus. A scribe of Amen Ra. He lived in the Saitic period. (1876c1)

Hor. Or = Horus. An Egyptian gentleman, the son of Sent. He lived between the XIIth and XVIIIth dynasties. (1876c1)

Horus. A great military commander, of the XXVIth dynasty. He was the son of the lady Nefer-u-sebek. He had charge of the government of the Mendesian nome and was also governor of Heracleopol= is, where he executed several important additions to the temples of the deiti= es Atum and Osiris-Unnefer. He also took the presidency at the great festiva= l of the goddess Sekhet, which was held on the fifth day of the month Pharmuthi (1876c1)

$H Horus or Har. Egyptian Deity

Horus. One of the principal gods of Egypt. Son of Osiris and Isis, he is represented either as a boy or a young man,= or with the hawk's head, the last indicating his solar aspect. The two forms were two distinct deities in the very earliest times. But the two stories were soon confused, and the Horus who waged war against Set, his father's murderer, became identified with Horus the rising sun, the Greek Apollo. = He was worshipped in many forms and under many names throughout Egypt. As a child he was represented with the side lock of hair, and frequently = with his finger to his mouth. As a solar deity he figures either as a hawk or a man with a hawk's head, wearing a variety of crowns. As "the sun in = his full strength," he is sometimes merged in Ra. (See HARMAKHIS, HARPOCRATES, EYES OF HORUS.) ILLUS. Horus.(1902b1)

Horus. Or Har.One of the most prominent of the Egyptian deities. He was the child of the gr= eat deity the sun in his semi-human form as Osiris, and of his wife and siste= r, the goddess Isis, as the celestial firmament, and was generally called Ho= rus, the Saviour. In his first and highest office he was the sun in its mid-day power, and thus he was vener= ated as an hypostasis of the Sun-god Ra, by whose influence all nature existed, and who was himself the visible type of Amen Ra, the hidden and incomprehensible deity. In that character he was generally represented as= a man with the head of a hawk, upon which was poised the solar disk. In his hands were the emblems of authority and life, and from his right eye were= all good things created. As Horus-Ra he was frequently figured on the upper p= art of the Egyptian mummy cases, and on the amulets laid upon the head of the deceased. The hawk among birds, and the basilisk among reptiles were his emblems. In this, his first and most abstract character, Horus was identi= cal with the Supreme Being himself. The second character of Horus was that of the avenger of the injuries of his father = upon his uncle Set- or Typhon, who had at first reigned in Egypt conjointly with Osiris, but had afterwards quarrelled with and slain him, scattering his severed members = all over the land of Egypt. To "Horus of Crocodiles," as the son of Osiris was called in that attribute, fell the duty of warring with Typhon, the evil spirit, and all his coadjutors, divine, demoniac, and animal. Th= e third character of Horus was tha= t of Sneb, or "The Redeemer,&quo= t; in which office he was the vicarious protector of the souls of the deceased = in Hades, or the Kerneter. By him the deceased was introduced to Osiris in t= he Hall of the Two Truths, and at his entreaties the sins which the soul had committed were either atoned for or pardoned. Horus further transferred to the benefit of the deceased the various good offices which he had himself performed in behalf of his father, and more especially those ceremonial r= ites which were called the "Assistances of Osiris." By the aid of Ho= rus, all the terrors of the rivers of Hades and the abodes of hell were dispel= led, and the ultimate end of the Egyptian believer was to be assimilated to the character and deity of Horus the Redeemer. Horus was called in the Hieroglyphic texts the "Sole Begotten of his Father," "The= God creating Himself," "Horus the beloved Son of his Father," "The Lord of Life," "The Justifier of the Righteous,"= and "The Eternal One." The kings of Egypt were always regarded = as incarnations of Horus, as well as of the sun Ra, and hence one of their t= wo royal cartouches was always designed to express that hypostasis and was called the Horus title. (1876c1)

$H Horus. (Cippus of Hor= us.) Egyptian Stela

The name given by Egyptologists to certain small stèle of a mystical nature, which were generally wrought in serpentine, and which always represented the deity Horus the child, as a naked boy, standing upon the backs of two crocodiles, which revert their heads, and holding in his hands a scorpion, a lion, two serpents, and a gazelle: to the right and left of him are generally two standards, dedica= ted to the two forms of the rising and the setting of the sun, and over the d= eity is the monstrous head of the god Bes, with his tongue protruding. The fie= ld of the stèle is generally filled with a magical formula, almost al= ways badly written. The god Horus is called "The Old Man who becomes Young;" and from hence it is supposed that the idea is of the eternal youth of the victorious divinity at the time of death, or another form of expressing the resurrection, under the symbol of the rising sun. The crocodile could not turn his head; it was to the belief of the Egyptians a symbol of an impossibility: therefore, as the god was to grow young again= , he trod that emblem under his feet, for he had triumphed over death, and had made the crocodiles of darkness (so described in the Ritual of the Dead) = to turn back their heads. The monstrous head of the god Bes may have been intended to signify the destructive powers of nature, so that the ever yo= ung Horus might be supposed to complete the cycle of eternity in himself. There are a great number of these stè= ;le in existence, and they were at one time thought to have had an astronomical significance, then again, by later scholars, to have been intended as amu= lets to protect the wearer or possessor from the attacks of dangerous animals;= but the explanation above given by M. Chabas is accepted as being the most satisfactory. (1876c1)

$H Horus Haremhebi. Or Har-em-heb-i. Surnamed "The Restorer." [See Har-em-heb-i – Editor]

$H Horus-khem. [See Khem - Editor]

$H Hor-uta. Egypt

The granddaughter of Peteharpocrates, a ro= yal scribe, which see. (1876c1)

$H Hosah.

The Hebrew name of the Phenician city of <= st1:place w:st=3D"on">Mahalliba-Usu, w= hich see. (1876c1)

$H Hosea. Assyrian, Au's= i and Husia.

Hosea. Assyrian, Au'si and Husia. The last native king of Israel who was appointed in= the place of Pekah by Tiglath-Pileser, and who reigned nine years. He conspir= ed with So, or Sibahe, of Egypt, to revolt from Assyria, and was accord= ingly deposed and imprisoned by Shalmaneser. Samaria was also besieged, and, after three years, taken by Sargon (B.C. 720), who carried away 27,280 of the inhabitants, appointed Assyrian governors over= the city, and forcibly imposed tribute upon Hoshea. (1876c1)

$H Hosit-em-bent. Egypt

An Egyptian lady, daughter of an officer n= amed Osirtesen, which see. (1876c1)

$H Hosit-em-toth. Egypt

An Egyptian lady, the daughter of an offic= er named Osirtesen, and the sister of Hositembent. (1876c1)

$H Hospital. Architecture

(Arch.) A collection= of buildings intended for the shelter and cure of the sick.(1891a1)

$H Hospitium.

R. (hospes, a guest). A general term to denote any place in which a traveller finds shelter, board, and lodging. [The word had a very wide meaning of hospitality, regulated in all its details by the religious and social and politic sentiments of the nations.](1883m1)

$H Host.

HOST. The consecrated bread of the sacrament, derived from the Latin word hostia (a victim), and significant of the sacrifice of the Saviour. It is exhibi= ted to the laity of the Catholic Church in a transparent vessel termed a monstrance. (1855f1)

$H Hostia.

R. (hostio, to strike). A victim offered in sacrifice.(1883m1)

$H Hos-t-to-neb. Egypt

An Egyptian lady, the wife of Kauta, the s= on of Amenemap, a priest of Amen Ra, in the reign of King Ai, of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hot Cockles. Old English

O.E. A game common in the Middle Ages.(1883m1)

$H Hotel. Architecture

(Arch.) A building i= n which travellers are housed and fed on payment of money. Hotels are often, from= an architectural point of view, of great splendour, and the decoration of th= eir interior frequently displays admirable taste.(1891a1)

$H Hôtel de Ville.

A building in which = the municipal authority has its seat. Many hôtels de ville are distinguished by the richness of their architecture. The term is employed in France, Belgium, and Holland.(1891a1)

$H Hotep. Egypt

Hotep. "Peace." An Egyptian lady, the wife of an officer named Osirtes= en, who may have lived in the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

Hotep. "Peace." An Egyptian lady= of high rank, the daughter of a chief functionary, and wife of Ameni, an off= icer living in the time of the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1) [Editor – also her daughter's name, see below]

Hotep. "Peace." The daughter of = the preceding lady. (1876c1)

$H Hotep-bese-t. Egypt

Hotep-bese-t. "Peace of Bes." An Egyptian lady, the mother of Pe-ankh-em-ta-nen. Her mother was named Thothartais. (1876c1)

$H Hotephers. Egypt

The grandson of Tetet, an early Egyptian k= ing. (1876c1)

The daughter of an early Egyptian king, possibly of the family of Tetet. (1876c1)

$H Hotephetes. Egypt

A granddaughter of Tetet, an early Egyptian king. (1876c1)

$H Hotep-hi-mat. Egypt

A surname of Menepthah= I., king of Egypt, in the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hotep-pthah. Egypt

Hotep-pthah. "Peace of Pthah." T= he father of Zet-auf-pthah, priest of Apis, which see. (1876c1)

$H Hotep-t. Egypt

An Egyptian lady, the wife of Antefaker, a= nd the mother of Osirtesen, Antef, and Ameni; all private individuals, proba= bly of the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Hotep-ui. Egypt

The son of an Egyptian officer named Osirtesen, and his wife Hotep. (1876c1)

$H Hot‑houses. Old English

O.E. The name for Turkish baths; 16th century.(1883m= 1)

$H Houi. Or Hui. Egypt

Houi. Or= Hui. An Egyptian architect, whose votive statuette is in the Museum of the Louvre. (1876c1)

$H Houppeland. Old English

O.E. A very full loose upper garment with large hang= ing sleeves; 14th century. It was probably introduced from Spain, and was something li= ke a cassock.(1883m1)

$H Hourd. Architecture

(Arch.) Timber galle= ries placed on the summit of towers and parapets in the fortified castles of t= he Middle Ages. Some hourds were constructed of masonry and so were permanent, whereas the timber hourds were movable. In the hourds of the 13th century the timberwork was at once solid and simple, and rested on supports of stone. In the 14th century hourds were in most countries replaced by machicolations (q.v= .); but in Germany and <= st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Switzerland they remained in use during the 15th and 16th centuries. The term is Fren= ch and has no equivalent in English. ILLUS. hourd(1891a1)

$H Hour‑glass.

Hour‑glass. A = double glass, the two swelling portions of which are connected with a narrow tub= e, through which a certain quantity of sand can run in a certain time. The u= se of the hour‑glass to measure time was once universal.(1891a1)<= /o:p>

HOUR-GLASS= . A mode of measuring time by me= ans of a double glass connected by a small tube; in one a sufficient quantity of sand is placed to occupy an hour in passing through the tube to the other. The ancients sometimes used water in place of sand, and termed the instru= ment clepsydra.(1855f1)

$H Hour‑glass Stand. =

An iron bracket atta= ched to pulpits, especially about the time of the Commonwealth, in which the hour= ‑glass was placed. Hour‑glass stands are still to be seen in some English churches, and are often excellent specimens of ironwork.(1891a1)

$H Hours, Book of. <= /span>

A prayer‑book.= There are in existence books of hours in manuscript, the illuminations of which= are masterpieces by Memling and Jean Foucquet. Among the early printed books = of hours are some, the pages of = which are bordered with wood‑cuts of extraordinary delicacy. These are ke= enly sought after by collectors, and the most highly prized were printed by Si= mon Vostre, Hardouin, Kerver, &c.(1891a1)

$H House. (See DOMUS.) (1883m1)

$H House of Life.= Scribal centre or scriptorium attac= hed to a temple. (1894e1)

$H Houseling Bread. O.E., Chr. (See SINGING BREAD, HOWS= LING BELL.) (188= 3m1)

$H Housia or Housse. O.E. An outer garment, combi= ning cloak and tunic; a tabard.(1883m1)

$H Housing. Architecture

Housing. (Arch.) A s= mall niche or recess in a wall, in which a statue was placed.(1891a1)

HOUSING. The covering for a horse used = on state occasions, and which was generally emblazoned with the arms of the rider in the tournament, or public processions. (1855f1)

$H Housse (see Housia) &nbs= p;

$H Houteoiri. Egypt

A royal priest and scribe of the royal bow= men. He was the son of a lady named Neitaker. (1876c1)

$H How. Egypt

The modern name of the city of Diospolis-Parva,= in the Thebaid. (1876c1)

$H Howitzer. Egypt

HOWITZER. A small brass mortar. (1855f1)=

$H Howsling Bell. Old English

O.E. The bell which was rung before the Holy Euchari= st, when taken to the sick.(1883m1)

$H Howve.

(Saxon, from the old German hoofd). A hood. A common phrase quoted by Chaucer, "to s= et a man's howve," is the sam= e as to "set his cap," cap him or cheat him.(1883m1)

$H Hpsele. Egypt

The chief town of the Hypselite nome of the Thebaid. (1876c1)

$H Hraswelgr. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the name of the great eagle, or the winds, which sat on the North side of the skies. (187= 6c1)

$H Hrimfaxi. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the name of the horse of the goddess Nott (night), the foam from whose bridle caused the = dew. (1876c1)

$H Hrodwitner. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the giant father= of the wolf Hati, the enemy of the moon. See Jarnwidr. (1876c1)

$H Hru-Amen. Egypt

A commander of the troops of an unidentifi= ed Egyptian king of the XXVIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Htuabi. Egypt

A title of the deity Tum or Atum, in the LXXVIIIth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)