$H Iodine Yellow. Painting

A very bright yellow pigment very liable to change.(1883m1)

$H Iol.

A Carthaginian settlement in Palestine, which was called in later times Cherchel and = Caesarea. (1876c1)

$H Ionic. Architecture

One of the ancient o= rders of architecture. The distinguishing feature of the style is that its capital= is ornamented with volutes. The Ionic columns of Greece and Asia Minor possess unrivalled grac= e and delicacy of outline; the Roman Ionic style, however, is heavy and gracele= ss. In the 17th and 18th centuries architects frequently used columns of the Ionic style in their façades. As a general rule, it may be laid do= wn that when Ionic pillars are used to decorate a neo‑classical façade, it is in the sub‑basement or first story, and they a= re almost always surmounted by a Corinthian entablature. ILLUS. ionic(1891a1)

Arch. One of the ord= ers of Grecian architecture, distinguished principall= y by the ornaments of its CAPITAL, which are spiral and are called VOLUTES, fo= ur in number. The Ionic SHAFT is about nine diameters high, including the BA= SE (which is half a diameter) and the CAPITAL, to the bottom of the volute. = The PEDESTAL is a little taller and more ornamented than the Doric. The BASES used are very various. The Attic base is very often used, and, with an astragal added above the upper <= span class=3DSpellE>torus, = makes a beautiful and appropriate base for the Ionic. The CORNICES are (1) plain Grecian, or (2) the dentil co= rnice, or (3) the m= odillon cornice. The Ionic shaft may be fluted in twenty‑four semicircular flutes with fillets between them. The best Ionic example was the temple on the Ilissus at Athens. The temple of Fortuna Virilis= at Rome is an inferior specimen. (See also Figs. 69, 184.) Fig. 400. Ionic capital. F= rom the Erechtheium, Athens.(1883m1)

$H Iörd. "The Earth= ." Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the daughter of = the goddess Nott, "night," and her second husband Onar. (1876c1)

$H Iouernuf. Egypt

A governor of a temple in the reign of Que= en Aahmes Nofretari. (1876= c1)

$H Iou-s-aas. "The Great One who comes." Egypt

An obscure and mysterious Egyptian goddess. She was the daughter of Ra, and was called the Queen of Heliopolis, a town in which she was worshipped. She was represented as wearing the headdress either of Isis or Hathor, and is ra= rely mentioned in the Hieroglyphic texts. (1876c1)

$H Iphkhardesu.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

The Assyrian form of the Egyptian royal na= me He-ptha-resis, which see. (1876c1)=

$H Ipsambul. Or Abusimbel. [or Absak - Editor]

Ipsambul. Or= Abusimbel. The modern name of an Egyptian town where Rameses II. built a great temple partly excavated out of the solid rock, on the walls of whic= h he recorded his victories over the Khitae or Hittites. See Abusimbel. (1876c1) [See Absak - Editor]

$H Iranzi.

King of Minni,= a tributary of Assyria. Contrary to his = wishes he was urged by his subjects to revolt against Sargon II., who defeated h= im, and destroyed his two principal cities, carrying off the inhabitants. He = was succeeded by his son Aza, who was slain by his subjects for his fidelity to Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Irbastutanifu. Egypt

A daughter of King Am= enrut or Amyrtaius, of the XXV= IIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Irbastutanifu. Egypt

The wife of King Amen= rut or Amyrtaius, of the XXV= IIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Irbie. Chaldaea

In Chaldean astronomy the name of an unidentified star. (1876c1)

$H Irem. Arabia

In Arabian history the name of the palace = and gardens of Shedad, king of Ael. It was built in impious imitation of the garden of Eden, for which its founder was slain by heaven. Its site is now called = Yerim. (1876c1)

$H Irhehemto. Egypt

A priest and prophet of Pthah of Memphis, and father of Noferhor-hemt-oou-en-ra, priest of Arsinoe-Philadelphus, under one of = the Ptolemies. (1876c1)

$H Irhulena.

King of Hamath= . He and Benhadad, king of D= amascus, and Ahab, king of = Israel, endeavoured to stop the conquests of Shalmaneser II. in Palestine. At th= e battle of Qarqar, however, the king of Assyria overcame and subdued all his opponents with a loss on their side of 20,500 men. (1876c1)

$H Iriba-maruduk. Babylonia

An early king of Ba= bylonia, of whom nothing else is known than that he was the father of Maruduk-bal-idinna. (1876c1)

$H Irib-bin.

The successor of Shal= maneser II. Nothing is known respecting him, but that he was succeeded by his son= (?) Assuridinakhe. (1876c1)

$H Irigibel. Babylonia

A rebel Babylonian chief, who usurped the throne of Babylon upon the death of Assurnadin, and was himself succeeded by another rebel Mesisomordach= , after a short reign of one year. (1876c1)

$H Iri-hapi-eoo-er. Egypt

An Egyptian, whose sarcophagus is in the <= st1:place w:st=3D"on">Leyden= Museum. He was th= e son of Khons-neb-ankh. (1876c1)=

$H Iri-sen. Egypt

An Egyptian officer the son of At. His pla= ce and period are uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Iri-sen-aker.= Egypt

An uncertain Egyptian officer in the reign= of a King Mentuhotep, probably of the XIth dynasty. His wife's name was Hapu, and his son's Mentuhotep. Nothing else is kno= wn respecting him. (1876c1)

$H Irish Cloth.

Irish Clot= h, white and red, in the reign of King John was much used in England.(1883m1)=

<= /o:p>

$H Iritak. Assyria

An early king of As= syria, of whom nothing is known, except that be erected a temple called the "House of Salvation," in memory of some deliverance afforded to himself. The site of the temple is unidentified. (1876c1)

<= /o:p>

$H Iritis. Egypt

The brother of Senbu<= /span>, a priest of Osiris. His period is uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Irkalla. Assyria

An Assyrian deity, whose residence was in = Bit-edie, "The House of Eternity," or Hades. (1876c1)

$H Irma.

A city near Damascus= which was conquered by Tiglath Pileser II., on his way to assist Ahaz, king of Judah. (1876c1)

$H Irmin.

An old Saxon deity. He is supposed to have been an analogue of the Scandinavian deity Tyr, which see. (1876c1)

<= /o:p>

$H Iron.

Indian red, Venetian red, Mars red, Mars orange= , Mars yellow are all coloured by iron (see MARS), and are valuable for t= heir great durability. (See METALLURGY.)(1883m1)

--- $H Iron. Egypt

Egypt seems to have had no "iron age" analogous to that of many countries. Examples of the metal are rare until about 800 B.C. The diffic= ulty of obtaining it will account for this, but according to some authorities = the metal was held in abhorrence by the Egyptians and was dedicated to Set, w= hich would also account for the few examples found. Moreover, much may have disappeared simply from oxidation. Many iron tools of the Graeco-Egyptian period were obtained during the excavations at Naukr= atis.(1902b1)

$H Iron Brown. Painting

(Paint.) A rich brow= n pigment obtained from calcined Prussian blue. It poss= esses many advantages; if pure it is quite permanent, it dries well, and is transparent.(1891a1)

$H Iron‑work.

A general term which includes all objects made of iron. In the Middle Ages many fine examples = of artistic iron‑work were produced. At the period of the Renaissance,= in the 17th and 18th centuries, the iron‑work produced was of great richness. Many specimens belonging to these different epochs are preserve= d in museums, and in the iron gates and railings of many great houses we may s= till see of what the old workers in iron were capable. The iron gates and rail= ings from Hampton Court, now in the South Kensington Museum, are masterpieces of art. Bands of iron fixed to doors and windows, and ba= rs and bolts with which doors are fastened, are often fine examples of ironw= ork. The artistic iron‑work of to‑day, though it has at its dispos= al many elaborate mechanical processes, can do nothing more than imitate inefficiently the masterpieces of previous centuries. 2 ILLUS. ironwor1, ironwor2(1891= a1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp;

$H Iron Yellow. Painting

(Paint.) An iron ochre bright in colour and transp= arent. It is a useful pigment and is permanent.(1891a1)

$H Irquanata.

A Syrian kingdom, which was one of the confederacy against Shalmaneser II., by whom = it was subdued. (1876c1)

$H Irradiated. Heraldry

Her. Surrounded by r= ays of light.(1883m1)

$H Irriya. Babylonia

A city of Babylonia<= /st1:City>, which was invaded and plundered by Assurdan, = king of Assyria, in the twelfth century B.C. (1876c1)

$H Ir-saacca-ki.=

An Accadian ge= neric title, meaning "Cities of Accad." See Alu-sa-= accadi. (1876c1)

$H Ir-sa-ki.

An Accadian ge= neric name, meaning "Cities of the Earth." See Alu-sa-irzitu. (1876c1)<= /o:p>

$H Ir-sa-ki-en-giki.

An Accadian ge= neric title, meaning "Cities of Sumir." See Alu-sa-= sumir. (1876c1)

$H Ir-sa-ki-pal-ki.

An Accadian ge= neric geographical title, meaning "Foreign Cities." See Alu-sa-napalkutu. (1876c1)

$H Irshusin. Babylonia

An early Babylonian monarch, who reigned a= t Ur. (1876c1)

$H Irtizati.

A king of the country of Ginkhidai, who paid tribute to Samas-Rimmon or Samsi-Vul, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Iruka. Egypt

A mystical title of Amen Ra in the CLXVIth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)=