$H Lance.

In Christian art, the attribute of St. Matthias, in allusion to the method of his martyrdom. (S= ee AMENTUM, LANCEA, HASTA.) A shivered lance with the motto "Lacrymae hinc, hinc dolor," was a device adopted by Catherine= de' Medicis after the fatal accident to her husband, He= nry II., in a tournament. (Fig. 416.)

Fig. 416. Device of Catherine de' M= edicis.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

(1.) A weapon borne = in all ages and by soldiers of all nations. Among the Greeks and Romans the lance was sometimes placed in a rest and sometimes thrown as a javelin. In the latter case it was provided with a strap to give it a rotatory motion. In the Middle Ages the lance was pre‑eminently the weapon of the knights of chivalry, and it was used both in jousts and in war. It co= nsisted of a shaft about fourteen feet long, tipped with a spear‑head, and a handle protected by a small round plate. ILLUS. lanc= e1

<= /o:p>

(2.) (Her.) A charge representing the lance used in jousts and tournaments. On coats of arms i= t is sometimes shown with a pennon, sometimes without. Several lances are generally blazoned, and they may be in pile, en salt= ire, accosted, &c. In the hand of Pallas the lance signifies strength and foresight. In Christian art it is the symbol of St. Matthew and of St. Thomas, as = well as of many lesser and later saints. 2 ILLUS. lance2a, lance2b

<= /o:p>

(3.) (Arch.) As a sy= stem of ornament the lance is widely = used. It most frequently forms the head of the iron bars, which make up a raili= ng. The finest specimens of lances are to be found in the iron work of the 17= th and 18th centuries. ILLUS. lance3(1891a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Lancea.

R. A long, light spe= ar, serving both as a pike and a missile.(1883m1)

$H Lanceola. Dimin. of LANCEA (q.v.). (1883m1)

$H Lanceolate.

Any ornament, archit= ectural or otherwise, which is shaped like a lance, is termed lanceolate.(1891a1)

$H Lanceolated.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

Arch. Having the for= m of a spear‑head. The term is applied to lancet windows, arches, and memb= ers of architecture forming a rose.(1883m1)

$H Lance‑rest.

A projecting iron fi= xed to a breastplate to support the end of the lance in a joust or tournament.(188= 3m1)

A contrivance of iro= n fixed on the breastplate to support the lance. In early times it was nothing mo= re than a hook, but by the 16th century it had been elaborated into the queu= e‑shaped rest seen in our cut. ILLUS. lanceres(1891a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Lancet. Architecture

(Arch.) A long narrow pointed arch used in the architecture of the 13th and 14th centuries. It = is particularly characteristic of what is called the Early English style (q.= v.). The lancet arch consists of two arcs of circles the = centres of which are at a great distance from one another. The Early English styl= e is sometimes termed the Lancet style. ILLUS. lancet(1891a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Lancet Arch.

A pointed arch, obtu= se at the point, resembling a surgeon's lancet, from which a style of architect= ure, common in England<= /st1:country-region> in the 13th century, is named. (Fig. 417.) (See EARLY ENGLISH ARCHITECTUR= E.)

Fig. 417. Lancet Arch. 13th century.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

$H Lancula.

R. (dimin. of LANX). The scale which was placed, when necessary, at one of the ends = of a Roman steelyard (statera). (Fig. 418.) Fig. 418. Lancula.(1883m1)

$H Landgrave.

(Germ. Land, Graf). A ti= tle given to those Counts of Germany who take their rank from a large tract of land. The first Landgraves we= re those of Thuringia, Hesse, Alsace, and Leuchtenberg.(1883m1)

$H Landscape.

(Paint.) A= picture representing a view of natural scenery, in which the interpretation of na= ture is the predominant feature, and in which figures of men or animals are on= ly introduced as accessories, to give a tone of reality to the scene or to furnish a scale of dimensions.(1891a1)

--- $H La= ndscape, Historic.

A landscape, the sub= ject of which is not copied exactly from nature, but is composed in accordance wi= th the taste of the artist. Into historic landscapes, ruined temples, statue= s, and vases are frequently introduced as well as figures, which give the sc= ene an air of fable or ancient history. To this class belong the majority of Claude's landscape as well as several of Turner's.(1891a1)

$H Landscape Painter.

An artist who devotes himself to the interpretation of nature. Among the great landscape painte= rs of the world we may mention Ruysdael, Hobbema, Rembrandt, Poussin, and Claude, and belonging to a later date, Constable and Turner of the English school, and Corot, Rousseau, Daubigny, and Courbet o= f the French school.(1891a1)

$H Language. Egypt

The language of the hieroglyphs is perhaps the oldest in the world. It is clo= sely related to no other with the exception of its descendant, Coptic (q.v.). It has affinities, howeve= r, with many; with Hebrew and other Semitic languages, with East African languages, such as Bishari, Galla, and Somali, and with the Berber languages of North Africa. During the thousands of years that it was in use it naturally came through different phases. For practical purposes students = have divided the period into three sections, called Old Egyptian, Middle Egypt= ian, and Late Egyptian, corresponding to the historical divisions of Old, Midd= le, and New Empires. In the most ancient times it was written with purely phonetic signs, and was very little inflected. No treatise or grammar of = any kind, or of any period has been found.(1902b1)

$H Langued. Heraldry

Her. To denote the t= incture of an animal's tongue.(1883m1)

(Her.) This term is = used to blazon the tongue of an animal when this member is shown projecting and i= s of a different tincture to the rest of the animal's head.(1891a1)=

$H Langue‑de‑boeuf= .

Fr. A blade fixed to= a pike‑staff; named after its shape.(1883m1)

A weapon the broad b= lade of which was supposed to resemble an ox's tongue. It was fixed in a long sta= ff and was carried by bodyguards. It was rather a sign of dignity than an implement of war. ILLUS. languede(1891a1)

$H Lanhabbi.

An Arabian or Nabathe= an town, whither the remains of the army of Vaiteh II. fled, and where Aimu, the brother of Abiyateh was captured by the Assyr= ians. (1876c1)

$H Laniarium, Laniena.

R. (lanius, a butcher). A sla= ughter‑house or butcher's shop.(1883m1)

$H Laniers. Old English

O.E. Leather straps = for various uses; as armlets to a shield, or as garters or bands, &c.(188= 3m1)

$H Lanipendia.

R. (lana, wool, and pendere= , to weigh). A woman whose duty it was to weigh the wool for spinning, and distribute it among the slaves for their daily tasks.(1883m1)<= /span>

$H Lanista.

R. A man who trained gladiators for the Roman circus. They were frequently his own property, a= nd he let them out for hire; or he received them from their owners into his = school (lud= us) for training.(1883m1)

$H Lansquenet.

Fr. A game at cards.= (1883m1)

$H Lantern. [See also Lamp - Editor]

In Christian art, the attribute of St. Gudula, in allusion to the l= egend of her miraculous lantern, which her prayers rekindled as often as Satan extinguished it. In Architecture, a small turret abov= e the roof of a building, having windows all round it. Fig. 419. Old English Horn Lantern.(1883m1)

(Arch.) A lantern is= a small cage, consisting of a metal frame filled in with panes of glass, which protect from currents of air the flame burning within them. Many of the lanterns of forged iron belonging to the 17th and 18th centuries are masterpieces of decorative art. As an architectural ornament a lantern is= a kind of finial, in the form of a glass dome, a pierced campanile, or a be= lvedere rising above the top of a building. The term is also applied to the inter= ior of Gothic towers, at the intersection of the nave and transepts, when the tower is not concealed by a vault. The upper portion<= /span> of Gothic spires which are pierced by windows on all sides are called lanterns. The spire of Rouen Cathedral, for instance, is surmounted by a lantern. There is yet another sense in which the term lantern is used. It denotes the small towers which surmount a staircase or serve as an end ornament to a massive buttress. S= uch lanterns are generally met with in buildings of the Renaissance style. 3 ILLUS. lantern1, lantern2, lantern3(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp; <= /o:p>

$H Lanterne des Morts or Churchyard Beacon.

Lanterne des Morts or Churchyard Beacon, Arch. A small tower raised<= /span> upon a base, and generally round, but sometimes square or polygonal; with windows at the top to emit the shining rays from the lamp inside. = Fig. 420 represents a "lanterne des morts" at Ciron, France. Fig. 420. Lanterne des Morts.(1883m1)

Lanterne des Morts. A small= building generally in the form= of a hollow column, terminated by a pierced turret. Lanternes des Morts were generally shrines= in honour of the dead, or served as landmarks to point= the way to religious houses. In the 14th century they ceased to assume the fo= rm of solitary columns, and were replaced by chapels, in which a lamp was al= ways burning. ILLUS. lanterne(1891a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Lanx.

R. This term denotes= (1) a circular dish of silver or other metal, often embossed, used especially at banquets. (2) The scale of a balance (libra). (3) A salver for handing fruits or other daint= ies at dessert.(1883m1)

$H Laocoon.

A magnificent sculpt= ure, found in 1506 among the ruins of the palace of Titus, now in the Vatican<= /st1:place>. It represents Laocoon and his two sons strugg= ling in the folds of two monster serpents. According to Pliny it is the work of three Rhodian sculptors, Agesander, Polydorus, and Athenodor= us, and stood in the palace= of Titus. He said= that it was made of one stone, but the joining of five pieces has been detecte= d. [See Lessing= 's "Laokoon<= /span>."](1883m1)

In Greek mythology <= span class=3DSpellE>Laocoon was a Trojan priest of Apollo, who when the famous wooden horse was received within the walls of Troy, warned his countrymen not to ac= cept the gift of the Greeks. It being the will of the gods that Troy should be taken, serpents were sent to devour Laocoon and his two sons while they were sacrificing. The judgment of heaven on the presumption of Laocoon was the subject of a celebrated group, sculptured by Athenodorus, = Agesandrus, and Polydorus, three artists of the Rhodian school. It was discovered in 1506 in Rome, and was perhaps first estimated at its proper value by Winckelmann. It is= now at the Vatican. In the realistic expression of physical anguish it reaches the utmost lim= it attainable by sculpture. Lessing made the Laocoon group the text for his famous essay on the = limits of sculpture and painting.(1891a1)

$H Laodice. Egypt

Se= e Ladike. A Cyrenian lady, one of the wives of Aahmes II. (1876c1)

$H Laodicea.

The Greek name of the Phenician town Caicna, which see. (1876c1)

$H Laordose.

This curious term, w= hich is in all probability a corruption of La Reredos= , is applied in the Durham manuscript to the altar‑screen. [Reredos.](1891a1)

$H Laphria.

Gr. An annual festiv= al, celebrated at Patrae in Achaia, in honour of Artemis, surnamed La= phria.(1883m1)

$H Lapidary.

An artisan who cuts = and engraves precious stones, or who places them in a setting of gold or silver. In another sense an inscription engraved upon a stone may be termed a lapida= ry inscription; hence the concise and solemn style of memorial inscriptions engraved on public monuments has been termed the lapidary style.(1891a1)<= o:p>

An artist who cuts, = grinds, and polishes gems and stories. In the lapidary's scale of hardness of minerals there are 10 standard degrees, represented as follows: ‑ No. 1, talc, which is very easily cut; No. 2, = compact gypsum; No. 3, calc‑spa= r; No. 4, fluor= ‑spar; No. 5, apatite; No. 6, felspar; No. 7, quartz; No. 8, topaz; No. 9, sapphir= e; No. 10, diamond. Diamonds are= for the most part cut at Amsterdam.(1883m1)

$H Lapis Lazuli or Lapis‑lazuli. <= /span>

Lapis Lazuli. A beau= tiful blue mineral stone of various shades of colour. (See ULTRAMARINE.)(1883m1)

Lapis‑lazuli. = An opaque blue stone, veined with white, used in the decorative arts, especi= ally in the adornment of some kinds of expensive furniture.(1891a1)=

$H Lapithae.

The Lapithae were a mythical race of Thessaly, the = most celebrated among them being Ixion and Peirithous. Ixion, for presuming to harbour a passion for the goddes= s Hera, was punished by being bound to an ever‑= revolving wheel. The most famous incident in the life of Peiri= thous was his marriage with Deidamia. His kinsmen, = the Centaurs, were invited to the marriage feast, and after the banquet attem= pted to carry off the bride. Then followed the battle between the Lapithae and Centaurs, which was one of the favourite subjects of Greek sculpture. We find it represented on the metopes of the Parthenon, = the frieze of the Theseum at Athens, and on the western pediment of the temple of Zeus at Olympia. It also forms the subject of countless Greek vases.(1891a1)

$H Laqipu.

The governor of Kalzi= , in the reign of Assurdan III. He was eponym o= f the year B.C. 760, the chief event in which was a revolt in the city of Arbaha. (1876c1)

$H Laquear, Laqueare. Synonym of LACU= NAR (q.v.). (1883m1)

$H Laqueatores.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

R. An order of gladi= ators who used a noose to catch their adversaries.(1883m1)

$H Laqueatus.

R. A ceiling decorat= ed with panels (lacu= nar).(1883m1)

$H Laran. See Lalan. (1876c1)

$H Larancha. Chaldaea

A Chaldean city mentioned by Berosus. It is supposed to have = been the same with Senkereh, which see. (1876c1)

$H Lararium.

A shrine or chapel i= n which the Romans placed images of the Lares and Penates, or household gods.(1891a1)

R. A small shrine consecrated to the gods called Lares; a room = in which the images of the Lares or tutelary gen= ii of the house were placed. It is said to have been customary for religious Romans, immediately after they rose in the morning, to pray in the Lararium.(1883m1)

$H Larbusa.

A district in the mountains of Nizir in Armenia. It was conquered by Assurnazirpal. (1876c1)

$H Larentalia, Larentinalia, or Laurentalia.

R. A Roman festival = in honour of Acca Larentia, the nurse of Romulus and Remus; or, according to another tradition, a festival instituted by Ancus in honour of a we= althy courtezan named Larentia, who had bequeathed all her property to the Roman people. It was celebrated on= the 10th of December.(1883m1)

$H Lares.

In the religion of R= ome Lares were guardian angels supposed to be the spiri= ts of deceased persons, one of which protected every Roman house. An image of a= Lar, in the form of a youth crowned with laurel, and holding a horn of plenty and sometimes a patera, was reverently kept in the lararium. (q.v.), = where sacrifices were offered in its honour.(1891a1= )

R. The Lares Privati, Domestici, or Familiares, were the guardian deities of the house.= The spot peculiarly sacred to them was the focus, or hearth, in the Atrium, where the altar for domestic sacrifice stood, a= nd near it was a niche, containing little images of these gods, to whom offerings of flowers, frankincense, and wine were made from time to time,= and regularly on the kalends of each month. There= were many classes of Lares Pu= blici: (1) The Lares rurales, who presided over the flocks, herds, &c. (2) The Lares compitales, worshipped where two cross‑= roads met, &c. [Cf. Ovid, Fasti, v. 129.](1883m= 1)

$H Large. Painting

(Paint.) A term used= of the free, ample treatment of a subject in painting, in opposition to paltry, timid, thin. Thus we say of an artist that he has a large touch; of draperies, that they are largely treated.(1891a1)

$H Larghetto.

It. In Music, less s= low than largo.(1883m1)

$H Lar= go.

It. In Music, a slow movement, one degree quicker than adagio.(1883m1)

$H Larmier. [See Corona.] (1891a1)

$H Larra. Or Larsa.

Larra. Or Larsa. The Assyrian name for the Chaldean city called Ellasar in Hebrew history.= It was the Larancha of the Greeks, and the Senkereh of later writers. (1876c= 1)

$H Lars. Etruscan, Lars= h. Etruria

Lars. Etruscan, Larsh. The title of an Etruscan nobl= e or gentleman. The corresponding female title was Larthi, answering to "Madame." (1876c1)

$H Larsa. Or Larra.

Larra. Or Larsa. The Assyrian name for the Chaldean city called Ellasar in Hebrew history.= It was the Larancha of the Greeks, and the Senkereh of later writers. (1876c= 1)

$H Larsh. [See Lars - Editor]

$H Larvae.

As the Lares (q.v.) were supposed to be the souls of the good departed, so the Larvae in the religious system o= f the Romans were regarded as the spirits of those whose crimes on earth had entitled them to no rest after death. They were invested with no material form and so are not represented in art.(1891a1)=

$H Lasa. Etruria

An Etruscan divinity, of gentle aspect, who seems to have accompanied the departing souls as= an attending Fate. He was represented as winged, with cap, earrings, necklace and buskins, and carrying in his hands a stylus, inkhorn, and paper. (187= 6c1)

$H Lasanau.

A country called "The Great Country," in the Cuneiform inscriptions. It was the birthplace of the great scribe Nebo-sar-ziltimu, the compiler o= f the standard astronomical work of the Chaldeans f= or Sargon I. (1876c1)

$H Lasa-rakuneta. Etruria

An Etruscan winged goddess who was represe= nted with coronet, earrings, necklace, and shoes, and what may be either a box= of cosmetics and pencil, or a stylus and inkhorn in her hand. See Lasa. (1876c1)

$H Lasa-sitmika.= Etruria

A winged youth or deity with a staff, who = is represented, on an Etruscan mirror from Volsinii, as standing beside Turan and Adonis. See Lasa. (1876c1)

$H Lasa-veku. Etruria

An Etruscan divinity w= ho is represented on a mirror as standing before Minerva; winged, with cap a= nd buskins, and a green twig in the right hand. See Lasa.(1876c1)

$H Lasso. Egypt

Tomb pictures at Beni Hasan show the capture of wild bulls and gazelles by means of the lasso. The Egyptian lasso appears to have been a long rope with a ball at the end of= it, which would give weight and enable the rope to catch more certainly round= the legs, body or horns of the animal.(1902b1)

$H Last Judgment, The.

The subject of Chris= t come to judge the world was frequently treated by Italian painters. For some reason or other it was never attempted in early Christian art. Among the = most celebrated representations of the Last judgment we may mention those of L= uca Signorelli at Orvieto a= nd Michael Angelo's great design in the Sistine Chapel.(1891a1)

$H Last Supper, The.

The Last Supper, of = Christ supping with his apostles the evening before the passion, is a favourite subject with artists of all schools, and = is constantly represented in frescoes, pictures, and bas‑reliefs. The = Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps the most celebrated work with t= his incident for its subject. In the majority of pictures representing the La= st Supper Christ wears a nimbus, as do all the apostles except Judas, who is never represented nimbed.(1891a1)<= /span>

$H Latch.

O.E. A cross‑b= ow.(1883m1)

(1.) (Arch.) A small= shank of metal on a door, which by its own weight falls into a socket placed on= the doorpost to receive it, and forms in efficient means of keeping a door closed.

(2.) A name given to= the crossbow (q.v.) in the 16th century.(1891a1)

$H Lateen Sail.

A triangular mainsai= l on a tall sloping yard, which reaches down to the deck.(1883m1)

$H Later.

R. A brick; the B8\<2@H[=3Dplinthos] of th= e Greeks. Among the Romans bricks were of various forms; the largest was called pentadorum; the next size, t= etradorum. Later coctus= , coctilis= was the term applied to a baked brick; later crudus was an unbaked brick, i.e. one dri= ed in the sun. Pliny calls the brick‑field LATERARIA.(1883m1)<= /span>

$H Lateral. <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Architecture

(Arch.) A term appli= ed to anything situated on the side= of a building; thus we speak of lateral openings ‑ meaning openings on t= he side of a principal opening ‑ lateral chapels, &c.(1891a1)=

$H Latericium.

Latericium (opus), R= . A structure built of bricks.(1883m1)

$H Laterna, Lanterna. A LANTERN (q.v.= ). (1883m1)

$H Lath. Architecture

(Arch.) Long thin sl= ips of oak or fir used in roofs, wainscoting, &c.(1891a1)<= /p>

$H Laton or Latten.

Laton or Latten. O.E= . An alloy of brass, of which candlesticks, sepulchral monuments, crosses, &c., were made in the Middle Ages. White Laton was a mixture of brass and tin.(1883m1)

Latten. A metal resembling brass, which was much used in the Middle = Ages for making monumental brasses, crosses, candlesticks, &c. Its exact composition is uncertain and the ancient authorities are contradictory. Modern latten resembles the orichalcum of the ancients, being a mixture of copper and calamine.(1891a1)

$H Latopolis. Egypt

See ESNEH.(1902b1)<= /span>

The Greek name for the city and nome of Ten, in <= st1:place w:st=3D"on">Upper Egypt. (1876c1)=

Latopolis. "City of Latona." The Greek name for the Egyptian city and nome of Aa, in Lower Egypt, which see. (1876c1)<= /span>

$H Latrunculi.

The Roman = name of the Egyptian game called Sent, which see. (1876c1)

R. (Gr. B,FF@\[=3Dpessoi]). The a= ncient game of draughts. It is mentioned by Homer. The Romans often had twelve lines = of squares (man= drae) on the draught‑board. The number of pieces varied from five to twel= ve, and in later times the game was played with the tesserae or dice.(1883m1)=

$H Latten. [See Laton - Editor]

$H Lattice. Architecture

Arch. A trellis or c= ross‑barred work; a network window.(1883m1)

(Arch.) An open spac= e, crossed by thin slips of wood or bars of metal, meeting each other diagonally.(1891a1)

$H Latus. Egypt

See FISH.(1902b1)

$H Laura.

Chr. The origin of the name is obscure. It signifi= es a collection of separate cells in a wilderness, where a community of monks lived each in his own cell, meeting together only during two days of the week. The most celebrated lauras were in Palestine.(1883m1)

$H Lau= rel.

Gen. The emblem of g= lory and victory. Sacred also to Apollo. In modern times an emblem of peace.(1883m= 1)

(Arch.) Foliage of a= certain kind arranged in garlands and frequently used as a decorative motive. In heraldry the laurel is represented as a shrub with long pointed leaves an= d a smooth trunk without knots. The laurel is the symbol of success, victory,= and triumph. In classical art the laurel was sacred to Apollo, and the victor= s in the Pythian games were crowned with laurel. I= t is figured as an emblem of peace on Christian sarcophagi. In decorative pane= ls bunches of laurel are often represented, the leaves of which are dark gre= en and the flowers of a beautiful rose tint. ILLUS. laurel(1891a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Laurence. St.

St. Laurence was dea= con to Sixtus II., Bishop of Rome, and was by him appointed keeper of the, treasures of the Church. Sixtus having been persecuted and put to death by the prefect of Rome, Laurence was arrested and suffe= red martyrdom by being roasted alive on a kind of gridiron. Representations of St. Laurence are frequently met with in art. He is represented as a youth= in the dress of a deacon, carrying the palm of martyrdom. The attribute by w= hich he is most easily recognisable is the gridiro= n, but sometimes instead of this he bears a censer or the treasures of the Churc= h in a bowl.(1891a1)

$H = Lautumiae.

R. (= 8"‑J@:\"[=3Dl= a‑tomia). A stone‑= quarry, and thence a prison hewn out of a quarry, more particularly the public pr= ison of Syracuse, hewn into the solid cliff, but roofless. The Tullian= um at Rome was called Lautumiae also.(1883m1)

$H Lava.

The scoria from an a= ctive volcano, which is well adapted to ornamental carving.(1883m1)<= /span>

$H Lavabo or Lavatory.

Lavabo. (See LAVATORIUM.)(1883m1)

Lavabo, or Lavatory.= (Arch.) A special room in mediaeval buildings in which piscinae and small reservo= irs were arranged which piscinae under richly ornamented. In religious arcades, in religious houses the monks washed th= eir hands in the lavatories before and after dinner, and they were therefore situated near the refectory. The lavabo in some abbeys consists of a basin placed round a central column which supports the springing of the vault. = ILLUS. lavabo(1891a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Lavacrum.

R. (lavo, to wash). A bath of= hot or cold water, in contradistinction to a vapour‑bath (caldarium).(1883m1)

$H Lavatorium.

(Arch.) A kind of la= vabo consisting of a large basin, in which the bodies of the religious dead we= re washed before burial.(1891a1)

R. (lavo, to wash). A small building in a monastery, in which the monks washed their hands before and after a repast. The lavatorium was usually placed near the refectory.(1883m1)

$H Lawn.

This fine linen fabr= ic was introduced in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.(1883m1)

$H Lay‑figure or Lay Figure.

Lay Figure. A large = wooden jointed doll, used by artists to display drapery.(1883m1)

Lay‑figure. An artificial figure, the frame of which is of wood or metal. Its joints are articulated by means of spherical pieces set side by side, so that its li= mbs are movable. There are lay figures of animals, principally horses, as wel= l as of men. In size they vary from life‑size to a few inches in height. They may best be described as articulated dolls, constructed in accordance with the laws of anatomy and bearing the structure of the human skeleton.= The articulated joints allow them to assume every attitude. The lay‑fig= ure is chiefly used for hanging draperies upon, for thus the artist is enable= d to study the folds at greater leisure than he could from the living model. At the same time it is dangerous to copy too slavishly the attitudes of the = lay‑figure, for its outlines must always be harder and cruder than those of the living model. ILLUS. layfigur(1891a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Lay the Ground, To. &nbs= p; Engraving

(Engrav.) To cover a copper plate with a grain or fi= le‑like ground by the use of the cradle or rocker (q.v.). This instrument is held firmly in the hand and then rocked to and fro, by which process an indent= ed furrow is made across the plate. This is repeated until the plate is cove= red with parallel paths or ways and a grain of the proper texture is obtained.(1891a1)

$H Laz.

An Assyrian deity worshipped by Tiglath Pileser II. (18= 76c1)

$H Lazurline or Lazurstein.

Lazurline, or Lazurstein. A brilliant blue pigment obtained from lapis lazuli, generally known as ultramarine (q.v.).(1891a1)

$H Lance.

$H Lancea.

$H Lanceola. Dimin. of LANCEA (q.v.). (1883m1)

$H Lanceolate.

$H Lanceolated.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

$H Lance‑rest.

$H Lancet. Architecture

$H Lancet Arch.

$H Lancula.

$H Landgrave.

$H Landscape.

--- $H La= ndscape, Historic.

$H Landscape Painter.

$H Language. Egypt

$H Langued. Heraldry

$H Langue‑de‑boeuf= .

$H Lanhabbi.

$H Laniarium, Laniena.

$H Laniers. Old English

$H Lanipendia.

$H Lanista.

$H Lansquenet.

$H Lantern. [See also Lamp - Editor]

$H Lanterne des Morts or Churchyard Beacon.

$H Lanx.

$H Laocoon.

$H Laodice. Egypt

$H Laodicea.

$H Laordose.

$H Laphria.

$H Lapidary.

$H Lapis Lazuli or Lapis‑lazuli. <= /span>

$H Lapithae.

$H Laqipu.

$H Laquear, Laqueare. Synonym of LACU= NAR (q.v.). (1883m1)

$H Laqueatores.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

$H Laqueatus.

$H Laran. See Lalan. (1876c1)

$H Larancha. Chaldaea

$H Lararium.

$H Larbusa.

$H Larentalia, Larentinalia, or Laurentalia.

$H Lares.

$H Large. Painting

$H Larghetto.

$H Lar= go.

$H Larmier. [See Corona.] (1891a1)

$H Larra. Or Larsa.

$H Lars. Etruscan, Lars= h. Etruria

$H Larsa. Or Larra.

$H Larsh. [See Lars - Editor]

$H Larvae.

$H Lasa. Etruria

$H Lasanau.

$H Lasa-rakuneta. Etruria

$H Lasa-sitmika.= Etruria

$H Lasa-veku. Etruria

$H Lasso. Egypt

$H Last Judgment, The.

$H Last Supper, The.

$H Latch. O.E. A cross‑b= ow.(1883m1) (1.) (Arch.) A small= shank of metal on a door, which by its own weight falls into a socket placed on= the doorpost to receive it, and forms in efficient means of keeping a door closed. (2.) A name given to= the crossbow (q.v.) in the 16th century.(1891a1)

$H Lateen Sail.

$H Later.

$H Lateral. <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Architecture

$H Latericium.

$H Laterna, Lanterna. A LANTERN (q.v.= ). (1883m1)

$H Lath. Architecture

$H Laton or Latten.

$H Latopolis. Egypt

$H Latrunculi.

$H Latten. [See Laton - Editor]

$H Lattice. Architecture

$H Latus. Egypt

$H Laura.

$H Lau= rel.

$H Laurence. St.

$H = Lautumiae.

$H Lava.

$H Lavabo or Lavatory.

$H Lavacrum.

$H Latch.

O.E. A cross‑b= ow.(1883m1)

(1.) (Arch.) A small= shank of metal on a door, which by its own weight falls into a socket placed on= the doorpost to receive it, and forms in efficient means of keeping a door closed.

(2.) A name given to= the crossbow (q.v.) in the 16th century.(1891a1)