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Ma. Or M= au, "The Cat." An Egyptian epithet applied to the sun. The reason f= or the use of the epithet is obscure. (Renouf.) (1876c1) |
|
Ma. "Truth." A mystical divinity, the daug= hter of Ra. She is mentioned in the CXLth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. (= 1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian god. He was the deification of
sight. (1876c1) |
|
The wife of Iua, a
chief of the receipts under an Egyptian king, probably of the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian lady, the sister of the officer
Tutu of the IVth dynasty, which see.
(1876c1) |
|
One of the seven mystical spirits who are
mentioned in the XVIIth chapter of the Ritual=
of
the Dead. See Ket-ket.
(1876c1) |
|
The son of Adnan,
king of the |
|
The daughter of Jorha=
m,
son of Djahla. She married Maad,
king of the |
|
The chief of the boatmen of an unknown
Egyptian king, probably of the XIXth dynasty.
(1876c1) |
|
The mother of Unnefer=
,
a grand priest of Osiris in the reign of Rameses II. of the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian lady, the wife of Mai, chief
priest of Osiris, and mother of Unnefer
and the lady Ta-i-af, which see. (1876c1) |
|
One
of the most important goddesses of the Egyptian Pantheon. She is truth and
justice personified; but more also, for the word maat signifies order and =
law,
moral and physical. Gods and kings all confessed to "ankh en maat," i.e. "living or existing by or upon
rule," as if they recognized "the unerring order which governs =
the
universe." She is associated with Thoth,=
and
in the conception of these two divinities we find probably the loftiest i=
deas
that the Egyptians had of the deity. Maat is =
spoken
of as the daughter of Ra. She seems to have assisted Ptah
and Khnemu at the creation. She is "mist=
ress
of heaven, ruler of earth, and president of the nether world." Her
symbol is the feather, which we see in the judgment scenes weighed in the
balances against the heart of the deceased. The Greeks identified her with
their Themis. She is represented as a woman w=
ith
the feather of truth on her head, and sometimes with a bandage over her e=
yes.
ILLUS. Maat.(1902b1)
|
|
maa kherou: 'true of voice'.(1894e1) |
|
Maat Kheru |
|
Macab= re. (See DANCE OF DEATH.) (1883m1) |
|
A term applied to su=
bjects,
either painted, sculptured, or engraved, in which figures a representatio=
n of
Death, either under the form of a skeleton or of an =
écorché.(18=
91a1) |
|
A burlesque of Latin=
, chequered with Italian, Tuscan, and plebeian words,
described by the author: ‑ "Ars ista
poetica nuncupatur Ars Macaronica, a Macaronibus derivata; q=
ui Macarones sunt quoddam pulmentum, fari=
na, caseo, butyro compaginatum, grossum, =
rude et rusticanum. Ideo Macaronica nil nisi grosseR=
09;dinem,
ruditatem, et Vocabulazzos debet in se continere.&=
quot;(1883m1) |
|
It. (lit. a spot or =
stain).
"The blocking out of the masses of light and shade." (See Eastlake's Materials, &c., i=
i.
355.)(1883m1) |
|
Mace (Fr. masse or massue). A military club =
or
staff, generally of iron with a wooden handle, useful for breaking defens=
ive armour. The mace was generally worn at the saddle=
8209;bow;
and was subsequently perforated to form a pistol, and finally superseded =
by
the pistol. In the Middle Ages the mace became an emblem of office; and i=
s so
still ‑ usually surmounted by a crown. (See CLAVA, CLUB.)(1883m1) |
|
Mace. The mace was o=
riginally
a spiked metal club for use in actual fighting, but it is now confined
entirely to ornamental purposes. Many corporate
bodies, especially the universities, have maces of their own, which are
carried before the chief officers of the university on important occasion=
s.
The most noted mace is that belonging to the House of Commons. It always
rests on the table of the House when the Speaker is present, and when the
Speaker leaves the chair and the House resolves itsel=
f
into committee the mace is placed under the table. ILLUS. mace(1891a1)
|
|
An Egyptian deity. He was represented like=
the
god Anubis, as a man with a jackal's head, and
wearing the skin of a wolf. (Wilkinson.) He was a form of Anubis
Ap-heru. See
Ap-heru. (1876c1) |
|
R. (macellum, a market). A ke=
eper
of a shop for the sale of fruit and cooked provisions. His shop was calle=
d taverna=
macellaria.(1883m1) |
|
Gr. and R. (<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New =
Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f=
ont-family:
"WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>:V6,88@<[=3Dmakellon]). A c=
overed
market in which were sold all kinds of provisions, such as fish, poultry,=
and
game; it was distinct from the open market called FORUM (q.v.).(1883m1) |
|
R. (1) A rough wall =
formed
of materials of every description, and having no facing. (2) An enclosed place
unroofed. (Fig. 438) Fig. 438. Maceria=
.(1883m1)
|
|
Gr. and R. (<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New =
Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f=
ont-family:
"WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>:VP"4D"[=3Dmachaira]). A s=
word with
only one edge, made rather for cutting than thrusting.(1883m1) |
|
Gr. and R. (<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New =
Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f=
ont-family:
"WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>:"P"\D4@<[=3Dmachairion]). <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Dimin. of machaera, a knife employed chiefly by fishermen.(1883m=
1) |
|
Gr. and R. (<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New =
Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f=
ont-family:
"WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>:"P"4D@‑N`D@H[=3Dmachairo‑phoros<=
/span>]).
Literally, armed with the hunting=
‑knife,
the machaeri=
um;
an epithet of the so‑called barbarous
nations, such as the Egyptians, Persians, Medes, Thracians, and Gauls.(1883m1) |
|
A Tyrian settl=
ement
in the |
|
Machicolated, Arch.
Furnished with machicolations.(1883m1) |
|
Machicolations (Fr. =
machicoulis),
Arch. Openings or grooves made under the parapet of a fortified place,
through which stones, pitch, boiling water, or hot sand were thrown
down.(1883m1) |
|
(Arch.) A projecting=
and
continuous gallery built into the fortified castles of the Middle Ages at=
the
summit of the curtains and the towers, with openings whence the foot of t=
he
buildings might be seen from above. Machiolations =
in
stone replaced timber hourds, the deterioration of which was
necessarily rapid. Machiolations were substituted for hourds from about the 12th century. In=
the
14th century they were so constructed that projectiles might ricochet, or=
describe
curves, or strike the besiegers even when at a certain distance from the
walls. In the 15th century machiolations =
were
sometimes ornamented with trefoils; but they disappeared finally when
artillery came into general use. In certain Gothic houses timber machiolations<=
/span> were occasionally erected on the
upper stories to sustain the cornice angles, but without being of any
utility, and simply for the purposes of decoration. 2 ILLUS. machiol1, machiol2(18=
91a1)
|
|
The name of an Assyrian king in the Greek
lists, possibly the same as Nebuchadnezzar. (1876c1) |
|
The ancient name of the city of |
|
A term used by modem anthropologists to
describe a species of skull in which the length exceeds the breadth. See Brachyc=
ephalic.
(1876c1) |
|
Gr. (:"6D`‑P,4D[=3Dmakro‑cheir], long‑armed).
A tunic with long sleeves, called by the Romans CHIRIDOTA.(1883m1) |
|
R. Paper of the larg=
est
size, that is to say, in sheets formed of a number of pieces of parchment=
or
papyrus glued together.(1883m1) |
|
In Chaldean
astronomy the name of the planet Mercury in the month of Ab.
(1876c1) |
|
R. The mesh of a net=
; in the
plural maculae.(1883m1) |
|
The Accadian n=
ame of
the district of Media. (1876c1) |
|
A city to the East of Assyria, which was
conquered by Dayan-assur, the Tartan of Shalmaneser II.(1876c1) |
|
A capital city of Kud=
umankhundi
the Elamite, and which he abandoned in alarm =
at the
approach of the army of Sennacherib. (1876c1) |
|
(Paint.) From the ro=
ot of
the rubia tinctorum a
series of pigments are obtained called madder lakes. They vary in colour from a light pink to a dark purple. They are
useful both in oil and water‑colour pai=
nting,
and when free from adulteration are permanent.(1891a1) |
|
The root of " |
|
It. The Virgin Mary.=
(See
JOYS.)(1883m1) |
|
A painted or sculptu=
red
representation of the Virgin. A statuette of the Virgin generally placed =
in a
niche upon the public way, often at the angle of a building.(1891a1) |
|
A queen of |
|
The leader of the Scythians who invaded Me=
dia
and Assyria in the reign of Bel-zikir-iskun, =
king
of |
|
Gr. (:"4:"6JZD4"[=3Dmaimakteria]). =
Festivals
held at |
|
Maenades. [See Bacchantes.] (1891a1) |
|
Maenad, Gr. (=
:"4<VH[=3Dmainas]). Liter=
ally, a
frenzied woman, and thence a bacchante. (See
BACCHA.)(1883m1) |
|
R. A column situated=
in the
Roman forum, near which certain magistrates (triumviri criminales) judged crim=
inals,
slaves, and vagrants.(1883m1) |
|
R. Celebrated school=
s of |
|
R. A structure supported on corbels; a balcony proje= cting from the wall of a house; in a theatre or amphitheatre, one range of seats comprised between two landing‑places (praecinctiones). Originally a balcony erected round the Roman forum, B.C. 318, to give accommodation to the spectators of gladiatorial contests. Afterwards balconies in general were so called.(1883m1) |
|
Celt. A Welsh word f=
or a
field of battle, common in topographical nomenclature.(1883m1) |
|
The Egyptian name of the turquoise stone.
(1876c1) |
|
(Gr. :"NfD4@<[=3Dmaphorion]) was=
a short
veil covering the head and neck and flowing down on the shoulders, such as
nuns wear in imitation of the Virgin Mary.(1883m1) |
|
Gr. (=
:V("*4H[=3Dm=
agadis]).
A musical instrument invented by t=
he Lydians; it was a kind of harp, which changed its f=
orm
and was afterwards called SAMBUCA (q.v.). (See LYRA.)(1883m1) |
|
An Arabian kingdom rendered tributary by <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Esarhaddon. (1876c1) |
|
The Accadian n=
ame of
the city or |
|
A city or kingdom conquered by |
|
The most ancient Assyrian Cuneiform name of
the |
|
From the 13th century onwards Mary Magdalene=
was
perhaps more eagerly worshipped than any saint in the calendar. To the sc=
anty
facts that can be gathered with regard to her from the New Testament, the
Middle Ages added many interesting legends. It was said that after the de=
ath
of Christ Mary with Martha and Lazarus, whose sister she is assumed to be,
came to |
|
A mystical demon in the Ritual of the Dead.
(1876c1) |
|
A great ca=
ste
among the Medes. See Magus. (=
1876c1) |
|
The adoration of the=
Magi
(commemorated on Christmas Day) is the subject of some of the earliest
specimens of Christian art. A fresco in the catacomb of St. Agnes,
representing the Magi before Herod, is attributed to the 2nd century, and=
the
mosaics of St. Maria Maggiore at |
|
A colour which dries rapidly when mixed with oil, and is of intense body.(1883m1)<= o:p> |
|
Chinese or Japanese
grotesque figures, painted, designed, sculptured, and sometimes illuminat=
ed,
in which the dimensions of the head are considerably exaggerated. There a=
re magots in porcelain, in faïence, =
in
bronze, in wood, or in ivory, which are sometimes miracles of clever
execution. The term magot was contemptuously applied by L=
ouis
XIV. to the subjects painted by Teniers, and =
hence
it has generally been employed to mean genre pictures, such as were paint=
ed
by the Flemish master.(1891a1) |
|
An intercalary month which was interpolated
after Addaru every fourth year by the Assyrian
astronomers. (1876c1) |
|
An intercalary month, interpolated after E=
lul
every eighth year by the Assyrian astronomers. (1876c1) |
|
The Median term for a high-priest. It is
rendered Mobed in the Be=
histun
Inscription of Darius Hystaspes. (1876c1) |
|
Magus. "The Great Ones." The first caste o=
f the
ancient Medes; the Magi of the Greek historians. (1876c1) |
|
Magus. =
In Phenician
mythology a son of the deity Agrotus and the
brother of Amynus, the teacher of agriculture=
. See Amynus<=
/span>.
(1876c1) |
|
A Badaga idol.=
A
form of Siva. (1876c1) |
|
A Phenician ci=
ty
conquered by Sennacherib on his first invasion of |
|
The Egyptian little cubit, equal to five
palms. (1876c1) |
|
An Assyrian measure of length. The walls o=
f |
|
The royal Egyptian cubit, equal to seven
palms, or 20.728 inches. (1876c1) |
|
The Egyptian great cubit, equal to six pal=
ms.
(1876c1) |
|
Arab. A raised seat =
in a
mosque, for the imaum mocri=
i> who
reads the Koran, and for the imaum khatib, who recites prayer, preaches, and acts =
as the
minister of the services generally.(1883m1) |
|
The brother of the Hindu emperor Asoka, who sent him, together with his sister Sangamitta, to convert the Ceylonese to the Buddhist
faith, in which mission he was eminently successful See Asoka. (1876c1) |
|
A stick with a pad a=
t the
end, upon which the painter rests the wrist of his right arm while
working.(1883m1) |
|
Wood of the Swietenia mahogoni of
|
|
O.E. The name of a s=
ingular
fashion of the 15th century ‑ "of prankyd=
gownes, and shoulders
up set, moss and flocks sewed within "‑ of padding up the
shoulder to give a broad appearance to the chest. (See Figs. 51, 355, and
469.)(1883m1)
|
|
A petty Arabian kingdom, which first became
independent during the misgovernment of Yashdjob,
king of |
|
Among the Lithuanians the goddess of the
procreative power of the earth. The Demeter of the Greeks. (1876c1) |
|
A private Egyptian name, which occurs in t=
he
time of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
A kind of Egyptian hound used in the XIth dynasty. See
Bahaka. (1876c1) |
|
The son of Ua.=
He
was the scribe of the army of an Egyptian king of the XVIIIth
dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
The chief priest of the deity Osiris. He was a member of the great Egyptian famil=
y of
Un-nefer. His wife was named Maani,
and his son Un-nefer, which see. (1876c1) |
|
Mail (from the Fr. <=
span
class=3DSpellE>maille,=
the
meshes of a net). Applied to chain or ringed armour<=
/span>.
"Rich m=
ayles
that ronke (strong)
were and round."(1883m1) |
|
Mail. A general term=
applied
to all armour which consists of chains, rings=
, or
scales. It is opposed to plate armour, (q.v.)=
. It
was worn by the ancients and was universal in the Middle Ages until the r=
eign
of Edward I., when it began to be superseded by plate.(1891a1) |
|
A Himyaritic c=
apital
city in South-western |
|
O.E. The covering fo=
r a
horse's mane. It was made of
overlapping plates, like a lobster's tail; and was fastened to the testière
by buttons, and round the animal's neck by str=
aps. (Meyrick=
.)
(1883m1) |
|
In Zendic myth=
ology
a name of the Supreme Being. (1876c1) |
|
A priest of Apis in
the reign of Se-ra-nefer-tai, of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
The capital city of the |
|
(Her.) This is the F=
rench
name for a peculiar charge that is more often met with in
|
|
Majesty. (Paint.) A =
term
denoting pictures of our Lord seated upon a throne and surrounded by ange=
ls,
with the symbols of the Evangelists (q.v.) and the A and =
S[=3DOMEGA].(1891a1) |
|
Majesty (It. Maesta)=
, Chr. A conventional representation of the Saviour in glory, on a throne, encompassed by a nimbus, and surrounded by cherub=
im,
and the four evangelistic symbols, and the letters ! and S[=3DOMEGA]. "The only existing document re=
lating
to Cimabue shows that he was employed in 1301=
on a
mosaic 'Majesty' in the tribune of the Duomo =
at |
|
Majolica (Ceramics.)=
A term
applied to certain Italian faïences of t=
he
Renaissance as well as to faïences of mo=
dern
manufacture, made in the style of the pottery introduced into
|
|
Maiolica or Majolica. The Italian name for the g=
lazed
earthenware introduced by Moorish potters from the
|
|
The second title of Queen Hatasu,
which see. (1876c1) |
|
A kind of Egyptian co=
rslet
or breastplate, which was sometimes wrought in gold and inlaid with lapis
lazuli. (1876c1) |
|
An Assyrian measure of capacity, at present
not exactly identified. (1876c1) |
|
The Egyptian name of the Syrian city Migdol of Hebrew history. (1876c1) |
|
A fortified city where Rameses
III. counted the heads of the dead after his w=
ars in
|
|
A city to the East of Assyria which was
conquered by Dayan-assur the Tartan of Shalmaneser II. (1876c1) |
|
A daughter of Amenhot=
ep
IV. of the XVIIIth
dynasty. (1876c1) |
|
The mystical name of the boat of the souls=
of
the dead in the Egyptian Ritual. (1876c1) |
|
The Assyrian name of the |
|
The astronomical name of the deity Marduk as the planet Mercury in the month of Ab. (1876c1) |
|
An Egyptian town which was sacred to the d=
eity
Horus. Its site is unknown. (1876c1) |
|
An uncertain Egyptian deity. (1876c1) |