$H Mean. Etruria

An Etruscan female spirit, with coronet, earrings, and wings, who seems to have borne the same office as Lasa. Sometimes she has two palm-branches in her ha= nds, she is sometimes represented as crowning Herakles. (1876c1)

$H Meander. Ornament

Maeander, Gr. (9"\"<*D@H[=3DMaiandros]). An ornamental design so called from the numerous windings it described, like= the river Maeander. Its proper name is the GREEK FR= ET. (Figs. 334 to 336.)(1883m1)

&nbs= p; &nbs= p;

Meander. A system of ornament consisting of fragments of lines broken up in different directions, or twisted, or crossed. Some aut= hors also give this title to interlaced straight lines cutting each other at r= ight angles. The latter decoration, however, is generally termed Greek or Guillochis (q.v.). ILLUS. meander(1891a1)

$H Mechir.

The sixth month of the Egyptian sacred yea= r. It began about the 17th of December. (1876c1)

$H Me= chlin Lace.

Mechlin Lace is fine, transparent, and effective. It i= s made in one piece on the pillow; its distinguishing feature is the flat thread which forms the flowers, and gives to the lace the character of embroider= y. In 1699 ‑when Charles II.'s prohibition= to the introduction of Flanders lace was removed‑ Mechlin lace became the fashion in England, and continued so during the succeeding century. In the 17th century the Beguinage nuns were celebrated for their lace‑= ;making, and they supported their house by their work. Previous to 1665 the name o= f Mechlin was given to all pillow lace, and much of it was made like our modern insertion. The engraving shows a specimen of old <= st2:City w:st=3D"on">Mechlin l= ace formerly in great favour as head‑dresse= s and other trimmings.

Fig. 452. Old Mechlin Lace, = 17th century. Fig. 453. Mechlin Lace, 18th century= .(1883m1)

&nbs= p;

$H Medal. Numismatics

(Nu= mis.) A disk of metal with the effigy of a person struck upon upon it, or engraved with a figure. scene, or alleg= orical group.(1891a1)

$H Medallion.

(1) A medal of a lar= ger size than the ordinary coinage. (2) In Architecture, a circular or oval tablet= on the face of a building.(1883m1)

A medal of large dimensions. The term is applied to subj= ects painted, drawn, engraved, or sculptured, and set in a circular or elliptic frame. Architectural ornaments inscribed in a circular cartouche or decorating an entablature or façade are termed medallions. = ILLUS. meda= llio(1891a1)

$H Mediaeval. (See MIDDLE AGES.) (1883m1); [Middle Ages.] (1891a1)

<= /b>

$H Medical Papyri.      Egypt

The most important is the Ebers Papyrus, a work probably of the XVIIIth Dynasty, discovered by Prof. Ebers, one-fourth of which is concerned= with diseases of the eye. The BERLIN MEDICAL PAPYRUS has been studied by Brugsch (Mo= numents, L. 101) and by Chabas (Mélanges égyptol. 1= re Série). The LEYDEN PAPYRUS (Pleyte, Études I.); the EDWARD SMITH PAPYRUS from Thebes; and a papyrus in the BRITISH MUSEUM (Birch, Zeit= schrift, 1871, p. 61) complete the list of those at present known.(1902b1)

$H Medicine.     <= /span> Egypt

There is sufficient evidence of the practice of medicine among the ancient Egyptians. It seems that dissection was forbidden from religious scruples= and surgical operations were prohibited, therefore the knowledge that physici= ans had of the organs of the body and their functions was necessarily limited. The Ebers papyrus says that the head contains twenty-two vessels, which draw the spirits (of life) into it and send them thence through the body. The heart was called "the beginning of all = the members, because its vessels lead to all the members," and perhaps s= ome idea of the circulation of the blood is indicated by the fact that the student is told that wherever the doctor laid his hand, "everywhere = does he meet with the heart" (pulse). The medical papyri consist chiefly = of prescriptions mixed up with magical formulae. Against some of these recip= es the practitioner has written comments as to their efficacy. The drugs were chiefly composed of vegetables, but parts of animals and insects were also used. (See MEDICAL PAPYRI.)(1= 902b1)

<= /b>

$H Medimnus.

Gr. (:X*4:<@H[=3Dmedimnos]). The= principal Greek measure of capacity, holding as much as six Roman modii. It was especially = used for measuring corn.(1883m1)

$H Medin= et-Abu.      Egypt

The present name of the ruins of the templ= es of Thothmes II. and Rame= ses III. at the base of the Theban mountains, on the left bank of the Nile. (1876c1)

$H Medinet el-Fay&ucir= c;m.      Egypt

A town in the Fayûm, called anciently Shed, probably in reference to i= ts being "saved," or "cut out," from the surrounding lake district. Later on it was known as Crocodilopolis, from being the centre of the crocodile worship. In Ptolemaic times it was called Arsinoë, in honour of the sister-= wife of Ptolemy Philadelphus. There are ruins of a temple.(1902b1)

$H Meditrinalia.

R. (medeor, to remedy). Roman festivals in honour of M= editrina, the goddess of healing, celebrated on the 11th of October, at which new w= ine was tasted, it being looked upon by the Romans as a preservative of health.(1883m1)

$H Medium.    Painting

Medium. The liquid i= n which pigments are ground. The best are linseed oil and nut oil.(1883m1)

Medium. (Paint.) The liquid vehicle in which pigments are ground. The usual medium is linseed oil, and though generations of painte= rs have attempted to find a new medium which should give the mellow tone of = age to their pictures, they have not hitherto been able to improve on the old= ‑fashioned linseed oil.(1891a1)

$H Medjm= aa.

An Arabian town in the Northern Neged. It was the Mishma of Hebrew writers. (1876c1)

$H Medusa.

Medusa. The youngest of the mythical beings called Gorgo= ns. Her hair was turned into snakes by Athene and= her face rendered so terrible, that all who looked upon it became stone. She = was destroyed by Perseus, and her head worn hence= forth upon the aegis of Athene. Medusa was frequent= ly represented in Greek art. One of the metopes = of the temple of Selinus in Sicily, which dates from= the 7th century B.C., has for its subject Perseus cutting off Medusa's head. Small representations of her head were used as charms, and many such have been found. [Gorgoneion.](1891a1)

Medusa Head was frequently used as an ornament for t= he centre of a shield. (Cf. GORGONEIA.)

Fig. 454. Medusa Head on a shield.(1883m1)

$H Megab= ignes.      Persia

A Persian officer, the father of Hydarnes, an officer and friend of Darius Hystaspes. (1876c1)

$H Megalartia.

Gr. (:,("8VDJ4"[=3Dmegalartia]). F= estivals held at Delos in = honour of Ceres, who was called Megalartos (9,(V8"DJ@H[=3DMegalartos]) fr= om her having bestowed bread on mankind.(1883m1)

$H Megalesian.

(games), R. (Ludi megalenses). Festivals celebrated annually on the 4th of April in honour of Cybelê, who was called the Great (9,("8,Ã"[=3DMegaleia]), in = which the people went in procession to the Field of Mars to witness scenic spectacl= es. The magistrates attended these spectacles in a purple toga, or "toga= praetexta;" hence the expression "Purpura Megalensis.&quo= t;(1883m1)

$H Megiddo.

A town in Palestine where = Thothmes III. of the XVIIIth dynasty defeated the comb= ined armies of the Syrians, taking captive 340 prisoners, 2,132 horses, and 924 war chariots. The city was afterwards blockaded and reduced to submission= by famine, and rendered tributary to Egypt. It was subsequently re-built by Solomon, and again conquered by Shishak<= /span> of the XXIInd dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Megylp.

A vehicle used by so= me oil‑painters, condemned as tending to destroy the permanency of the picture.(1883m1)

$H Meher= baal.      Tyre

King of Tyre. He succeeded Baal-ator, who was dethroned, and himself, a prince of t= he ancient royal house, released from captivity in Bab= ylon, and made king by Nabonidus, king of Chaldea. He reigned f= our years, and was succeeded by his brother, Hiram III. (1876c1)

$H Mehhu= r.      Egypt

A mystical divinity, "The Flood." (?) He is mentioned in the LXXIst chapter of = the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)

$H Mehi<= /span>.      Egypt

An Egyptian lion-headed goddess; one of the forms of Pasht, or Sekhe= t. (1876c1)

$H Mehit.      Egypt

A goddess - the personificatio= n of the north wind.(1902b1)

$H Meht-= em-i-sekhet.      Egypt

The wife of Psametik I. of the XXVIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Meht-naskhti.

An auditor of justice in the royal throne = room of an unnamed king. (1876c1)

$H Mehurt.      Egypt

The name given to the great celestial heifer of whom the sun was born, and he= nce a personification of that part of the sky in which the sun rises and takes his daily course. She is at times identified with Nut and again with Hathor. Besides being represented as a cow, she is portrayed as a woman, sometimes with a cow's head. The judgment scene in = the "Book of the Dead;" was supposed to take place in the "abo= de of Mehurt."(1902b1)

$H Meine= s.      Egypt

A prince of Kush, in the reign of Amenhotep III. of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Meire.      Egypt

A priest of Netpe. Period uncertain. He was called also a "Guardian of the White Hall," probably the city of Memphis. (1876c1)

$H Meiri.      Egypt

A priest of the temple of Pthah, at Memphis. Period uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Meissen.    [See Dresden China.] (1891a1)

<= /b>

$H Melek= ithian.      Cyprus

A king of Kition and Idalion, in the Island of Cyprus<= /st2:PlaceName>. (1876c1)

$H Melek-kiryath. Or Melkarth. "King of the City."

Melek-kiryath. Or Melkarth. "King of the City." A Phenician title of the deity Ba= al, as titular lord of Tyre. See Baal. (1876c1)

<= /b>

$H Melides.

Gr. Nymphs of fruit&= #8209;trees. (Cf. HAMADRYADES.)(1883m1)

$H Melina.

R. A pouch made out = of the skin of a marten (or a badger, meles).(1883m1)

$H Melium.

R. A collar for spor= ting‑dogs, studded with nails and iron spikes (clavulis, capitatis).(1883m1)

$H Melkarth. Or Melek-kiryath. "King of the City."      Phoenicia

Melek-kiryath. Or Melkarth. "King of the City." A Phenician title of the deity Ba= al, as titular lord of Tyre. See Baal. (1876c1)

$H Mell.   (See MALLEUS.) (1883m1)

$H Melotte.    Old English

O.E. A garment worn = by monks during laborious occupation. (Halliwell.)(1883m1)

$H Mellow.    Painting

(Paint.) An old picture is said to be mellow when its to= nes have been softened down by time, the influence to which the old masters a= re said to owe so much. A modern picture may be called mellow when its tones= , so far from being harsh and crude, have something of the softness and quietn= ess of an old master.(1891a1)

$H Members.    Heraldry

(Her.) This term is applied by heralds to the legs and f= eet of birds so far as they are free from feathers. When the members of a bird are of a different tincture to the rest of = the body, this fact is expressed by the use of the word = membered followed by the = name of the tincture. ILLUS. members= (1891a1)

$H Membrana.

R. (membrum, skin). Parchment= for writing on was introduced as a substitute for the Egyptian papyrus by Eumenes II., king of Pergamus<= /span>. It was usually written over on one side, and the back was stained with saffron. The writings were frequently erased, and the paper or parchment = used again. It was then called a palim= psest. All the sheets used for one work were joined together into a long scroll, which was folded round a staff, and then called volumen; usually there we= re ornamental balls or bosses, projecting from the ends of the staff, called= umbilici or cornua. The ends of the r= oll were carefully cut and blackened; they were called geminae frontes. The roll itself was kep= t in a parchment case, which was stained purple or yellow. (See also LIBER.)(188= 3m1)

$H Membranula.

R. (dimin. of membrana<= /i>). A small strip of parchment on which the title or contents of a volume were inscribed in minium.(1883m1)

$H Memnon.      Egypt

An Ethiopian, son of Tithonus and Aurora, who was slain by Achilles at Troy. The two colossal statues of Amen-hetep III. a= t Thebes were said= by the Greeks to be representations of this person. These statues were originally monoliths of red breccia, a pebbly conglomera= te exceedingly difficult to work. The northernmost having been severely dama= ged - it is supposed by the earthquake in B.C. 27 - presented a curious phenomenon, emitting sounds at sunrise, which caused it to be called Voca= l Memnon and brought it great fame. Many travellers c= ame from far to hear the musical sounds, and some have left records of their experiences inscribed on the legs and pedestal of the statue. The clumsy restoration, by means of five courses of sandstone, which was effected by= Septimius Severus, put = a stop to the sounds. Among those who left inscriptions were Asklepiodotos, Balbilla a court poetess, and several governo= rs of Egypt. The phenomenon is discussed by Strabo - who c= ould not believe that the sound actually proceeded from the stone - by Pausanias and Juvenal. (See COLOSSI.)(1902b1)

The name given by the Greeks to a colossal statue of Amenhotep III., one of two which was set up by that king in the Nubian desert. Having been many times restored, i= t was at last thrown down by an earthquake, in the reign of Tiberius Caesar, B.= C. 27, and after it was rebuilt, was found to possess the strange property of uttering a musical sound upon the first light of day falling upon its fac= e. The Greeks, according to their mythology, explained this as an adoration = by Memnon to his mother Aurora; but the wonder was probably the result of ar= t. The legs are covered with Greek inscriptions recording the visits of kings and philosophers to hear the sacred music. This statue and its companion = are now popularly called by the Arabs Shamy and Damy. (1876c1)

$H Memnonium.      Egypt

Name given by the Greeks to the temple of Amen-hetep III. at Thebes, with its surrounding dwellings, of which little remains but the two colos= si. Also called the Amenophium. (See MEMNON.)(1902b1)

$H Memphis.      Egypt

Greek name for Mennefert, the capital of= the first nome of Lower Eg= ypt, the modern Mit Rahî= ;neh. Chief deity, Ptah.(1902b1)<= /p>

The Greek form of writing the name Mennefer, "Good Port." A town at the base of the Delta, now called Menf and Mitraheneh, the seat of empire of the IIIrd, IVth, Vth, VIIth, and VIIIth Egyptian dynasties, and perhaps the oldest c= apital of Lower Egypt. Of the former greatnes= s of this city there are now no remains except funereal ones; the whole distri= ct is a vast necropolis, extending from the pyramids of Gizeh to those of Sakkara. The deities chiefly adored in the city were Pthah and his son Imhotep, and with these two gods = was conjoined the goddess Sekhet to complete the = triad, Sekhet being called in that capacity the "Chief Friend of Pthah." Near to Memphis was the = temple of the Serapeum, or the subterranean tombs of= the Apis bulls. The ancient name of the city, Mennefer, "The Good Port," occurs in the inscriptions, and it was probably on account of its proximity to the water that Thothmes I., Rameses I.<= /st2:place>, and Menepthah II., had palaces there; but of = those buildings not even the indications remain. (1876c1)

$H Memphite Nome.      Egypt

The Greek name for the city and nome in Lower Egypt which was called by the Egyptians Seb-thet. (1876c1)

$H Memra= . "The Word."

The name employed in the Targum of Onkelos, and all later Hebrew books, for t= he expression of the name of the Deity in all his relations to man. (1876c1)=

$H Memru= mus.      Phoenicia

In Phenician mythology a giant descended from Capius. He w= ith his brother inhabited Tyre. See Usous. (1876c1)

$H Memru= n.      Etruria

The Etruscan form of the name of a mythological personage who was analogous to the Memn= on of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Men.      Egypt

Another name of the great Egyptian deity A= men Ra, which see. (1876c1)

A royal Egyptian scribe. The period when he lived is uncertain. (1876c1)

A peculiar form of wide-mouthed jar, used = by the Egyptians for offering food to the gods. (1876c1)

A city and nome in Lower Egypt, sacred to the ram deity Ban-ded, Ba-en-tattu, or Me= ndes. It was the Mendesian nome of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Mena.      Egypt

Mena. A name by which = the Hykshos kings were called by the Egyptians. (1876c1= )

Mena or cir. B.C. 4777, of= Tini [Gr. This or Thinis], whose name signifies "the Steadfast," was the first king of the= Ist Dynasty. All that is known of him consists of a= few statements of doubtful credit found in the classic writers, there being no monuments left of the period. These tell us that he united Egypt under one sceptre and was its first lawgiver; that he founded Memphis, and t= hat, in order to secure a suitable site for his capital, he diverted the cours= e of the Nile by the construction of anenormous dike. The French engineer, M. Linant, professes to have found this construction i= n the great dike of Cocheiche. Tradition says that = he was followed by his seven sons in succession.(1902b1)

$H Menah= em. In Assyrian, Minihim.

Menahem. In Assyrian, Minihim. King of Israel. He slew the usurper Shallum, and seized the throne of Samaria, where he reigned ten years. = His first act was to capture Tiphsah (Thapsacus?). In B.C. 743 and B.C. 738 he paid tribute to Tiglath Pileser II., the Assyrian king (called Pul in the= Old Testament). He was succeeded by his son Pekahiah. (1876c1)

$H Mena-= nu-sat. "Shepherds of the East."

A nomadic people of Arabia who were subdued by king Senefru of the Vth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Menarva. Or Menrva, or Meneruva, or<= /i> Menerva.

Menerva. Or<= /i> Menrva, or Meneruva, or Menarva. The Latin Minerva, a= deity borrowed by the Etruscans. The word is derived from the root man, "to think," whenc= e come in Latin mens, "mind,&qu= ot; memor, "mindful," and = moneo, "to advise." (1= 876c1)

$H Menat.    Egypt

Egyp. An Egyptian amulet worn = on a necklace. The menat evidently formed some sym= bol, the meaning of which has hitherto not been discovered.(1883m1)=

$H Menat= -khufu.      Egypt

A province in Easte= rn Egypt which was governed by the semi-royal family of Khnum-hotep in the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Mench= eres I.      Egypt

According to the Greek lists the successor= of Sensuphis, king of Memphis; possibly the Menkera of the IVth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Mench= eres II.      Egypt

The Greek form of the name of King Menkauhor of the Vth dy= nasty, which see. (1876c1)

$H Mendes.      Egypt

The Greek name for Pa-ba-neb-tettet, capital of the sixteenth nome of Lower Egypt, the modern El-Amdid. Chief deity, Ba-neb-Tettet.(1902b1)

A town in the Delta, Lower Egypt, now called Ashmoun, the s= eat of empire of the XXIXth Egyptian dynasty. It was raised to the dignity of a kingdom under the name of Bendidi during the Assyrian Icosarchy. It was held by= the Calasirian class of warriors. Here also was fought = the battle of Mendes between Nekhtarhebi of the <= span class=3DSpellE>XXXth dynasty, and Artaxerxes<= /span> II., his suzerain, king of Persia, whom he utterly defeated, and together with= his army, expelled from the Delta. It was sacred to the worship of the ram Mendes. (1876c1)

$H Mende= sius.      Egypt

A nome of Lower Egypt, East of the Phatnitic branch of the Nile. Its chief cities were = Thmuis and Mendes. (1876c1)

$H Menehis or Minihis<= /span>.

Menehis or Minihis. = Fr. This term, derived from the Celtic menech‑ti (house of a monk), or manach‑li (free spo= t of earth), was formerly used in Brittany to denote a place of asylum which had been consecrated in any way.(1883m1= )

$H Menel= aites.      Egypt

A nome in Lower Egypt, West of the Phatnitic branch of the Nile. Its chief city was Ant= hylla. The nome was named after Menelaus, a brother = of Ptolemy Soter. (1876c1)

$H Menenba.      Egypt

An overseer of the temple of Amen Ra at Thebes. Period uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Menepthah I. "Beloved by Pthah."      Egypt

The second title of Seti I. of the XIXth dynasty, the founder of the Semi= tic race of the Ramesside dynasty. See Seti I. (1876c1)

$H Menepthah II.      Egypt

A king of the XIXth dynasty, and the son and successor of Rameses= II. He was originally appointed governor of Memphis by his father, and to that city he removed the seat of empire, probably in order to keep in subjection the people of the Delta, who were being continually harassed by the Canaanites and Libyans. He also raised the worship of Pthah, the local deity of Memphis, to grea= ter honour than that of Amun. At Paari in Libya, he fought against the Libyans and Greeks who, assisted by the Mashuash, had invaded Egypt, and defeated them wi= th a loss on the side of the enemies of 12,535 people and 9,376 prisoners. Aft= er this he returned to Egypt with great spoil, and carried on the important works begun by his father. Towards the close of his reign a second foreign invasion is said to have occurred, an event which has been confounded with the exodus of Hebrew history, and of which no complete particulars remain. Menepthah II. married a queen named Hesi-nefer-et, by w= hom he had a son Seti II. or Me= nepthah III., who succeeded him on the throne. He reigned thirty years. (1876c1)<= o:p>

$H Menep= thah III.      Egypt

The son of Menepthah<= /span> II. and Queen Hesi-nefer-et. He was properly = called Seti Menepthah II= ., and it is uncertain whether he immediately succeeded his father, or whether another short reign intervened between them. According to some historians= he was taken for safety to Ethiopia, during the second Semitic invasion of Egypt under Osarsiph(?). He at first recognised the rule of the usurpe= r Sipthah, or the pseudo-Menepth= ah II., and received from him the title of Viceroy of Ethiopia, but after a lapse of thirteen years (Manetho) he caused h= imself to be proclaimed king, and entering Thebes in triumph deposed both Sipthah and his co-adjutor Amenmeses. He r= eigned for many years, but except a small temple at Thebes, has left no memorials deservi= ng notice. On a tablet at Abusimbel he is called= a conqueror, but details of his conquests are wanting. It is even uncertain whether Amenmeses and Ta= user or Sipthah did not again succeed him on the t= hrone. It is however certain that he left no issue, and that with him terminated= the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Meneruva.      Etruria

An Etruscan form of the name of the Latin goddess Minerva. See Menerva. (1876c1)

$H Menerva. Or Menrva, or Meneruva, or<= /i> Menarva.

Menerva. Or<= /i> Menrva, or Meneruva, or Menarva. The Latin Minerva, a= deity borrowed by the Etruscans. The word is derived from the root man, "to think," whenc= e come in Latin mens, "mind,&qu= ot; memor, "mindful," and = moneo, "to advise." (1= 876c1)

$H MENES. "The Stable," or "Firm."

The first king of Egypt, founder of the Egyptian empire and of the city of Memphis. He was a great law-giver, emba= nked the river Nile, and excavated a canal He fought against the Libyans, and was devoured by a crocodile while bathing in the Nile. (1876c1)

$H M= ENES. Or MENA.

A name which was also borne by a Coptic Christian long after the downfall of the Egyptian empire. (1876c1)

$H MENF.

The modern name for the Egyptian city and nome of = Memphis, which see. (1876c1)

$H Menhir.    Celtic

A Celtic monument consisting of an enormous stone driven into the ground and standing vertically.(1891a1)

Celt. A Celtic monum= ent consisting of a huge stone fixed upright in the ground. Menhirs are found associated with dolmens= , tumuli, and circles of stones. <= /span>(Consult Bertrand, Archéologie Celtique et Gauloise, p. 84.)(1883m1)=

$H Menhit.      Egypt

An early Egyptian royal name. (1876c1)

A lion-headed goddess akin to Hathor and Bast, representing some form or degree of the heat = of the sun. She was worshipped at <= span class=3DSpellE>Heliopolis.(1902b1)

$H = Menis, Meniscus.

Gr. and R. (<= span style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f= ont-family: "WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>:0<\F6@H[=3Dmeniskos]; :Z<0[=3Dmene], the moon= ). A crescent‑shaped piece of metal which was placed on statues of the g= ods to hinder birds from settling on them. The same term was used to denote an ornament, likewise in the shape of a crescent, placed by the Romans at the beginning of their books; hence the expression a menide, from the beginnin= g. (Cf. LUNA.)(1883m1)

$H Men-ka-Ra     <= /span> Egypt

, Nit-= aqerti . Probably the Queen Nitocris of Manetho and Herodotus. She was the last ruler of th= e VIth Dynasty, cir. 3347 B.C.(1902b1)

$H Menkauhor or Men-kau-= Hor.     Egypt

Men-k= au-Hor. The seventh king of the Vth Dynasty, cir. 3589 B.C. There is a rock tablet of this king at Wady Maghârah.(1902b1)

Menkauhor. A king of the Vth dynasty. He made an expedition to the copper mines at Mount Sinai, reigned eight years, and was buried in a pyramid the site of which is not known. He was the Mencheres II. of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Men-kau-Ra.     Egypt

Fourth king of the= IVth Dynasty, cir. B.C. 3845. Reigned sixty-three y= ears. The builder of the third of the great pyramids at Gi= zeh. The lid of the wooden coffin bearing the king's name, and a skeleton supp= osed to be his are in the Br= itish Museum.(1902b1)

$H Menkera.      Egypt

A king of Egypt of the IVth dynasty. He built the third pyramid, restored the worship of the gods whi= ch had been neglected, and greatly increased the adoration of Osiris. He reigned sixty-three years, and was the Mycerinus<= /span> of the Greeks. His sarcophagus and a portion of his mummy is in the British Museum. (1876c1)

$H Menkheper.      Egypt

A high-priest of the god Mentu. Period uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Men-kheper-ra.      Egypt

A king of the XXIst dynasty, the successor of Pisem I. He was suc= ceeded by Petu-a= nkhi I. (1876c1)

The royal surname of = Thothmes III., king of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Men-khet-u.      Egypt

An Egyptian lady, the wife of the captain = Mentun-sasu in the reign of = Amenemha I. of the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

An Egyptian lady, the mother of Merri, the superintendent of public works and canal= s in the reign of Osirtesen I. of the = XIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Men-na.      Egypt

The charioteer of Ram= eses II., whose bravery enabled his royal master almost single-handed to escape from an ambuscade into which his impetuosity had led him at the battle of= Kadesh. (1876c1)

$H Men-nefer. "The Good Port."      Egypt

The ancient name of the city of Memphis. (1876c1= )

The name given to the pyramid in which Pepi-Merira, an Egyptian king of the VIth dynasty, was interred. (1876c1)

$H Men-nefer-en-kabi.      Egypt

A kind of bracelets which were worn by the ancient Egyptians. (1876c1)

$H Men-nefer-entut.      Egypt

Another kind of bracelets worn by the anci= ent Egyptians. (1876c1)

$H Men-nefer-het.      Egypt

An early unarranged Egyptian king. (1876c1= )

$H Men-nu.      Egypt

An Egyptian officer, the son of the captai= n Mentun-sasu and the lady Men-k= hetu, in the court of Amenemha I. of the XIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Menouthes.      Egypt

The Greek name of the Egyptian city Mer-neter, which see. (1876c1)

$H Menrva. Or Meneruva, or Menarva, or Menerva.

Menerva. Or<= /i> Menrva, or Meneruva, or Menarva. The Latin Minerva, a= deity borrowed by the Etruscans. The word is derived from the root man, "to think," whenc= e come in Latin mens, "mind,&qu= ot; memor, "mindful," and = moneo, "to advise." (1= 876c1)

$H Mensa.

Mensa. "City of Pots" (Vases). An early Egyptian town sacred to Athor. Site unknown. (1876c1)

Mensa. R. (Gr. JDVB,."[=3Dtrapeza]). A board, tablet, or table; mensa escaria= , or mensa simply, a dining‑table; mensa prima, secunda= , the first, second course of a meat; mensa tripes, a table with three feet, in contradisti= nction to monopodium, a table with a single leg; = mensa vinaria= , a drinking‑table (see DELPHICA); mensa sacra, an altar‑table; mensa vasaria= , a table for holding vessels; mensa publica, a public bank; hence mensarii, bankers.(1883m1= )

$H Mensao.    Celtic

Celt. A Celtic monum= ent more usually called MENHIR (q.v.).(1883m1)

$H Mensh.      Egypt

The name of the Egyptian mercantile boat, = or one-sailed galley. (1876c1)

$H Menshech.      Egypt

The modern name of the Greco-Egyptian town= of Ptolemais in the Thebaid. (1876c1)

$H Menskhera.      Egypt

An early unarranged Egyptian king. See Menkera= . (1876c1)

$H Mensole.    Architecture

Arch. A term denotin= g the keystone of an arch.(1883m1)

$H Ment-= em-saf.      Egypt

An Egyptian king of the VIth dynasty, and the brother of Queen Neit-aker. = He reigned only one year, being assassinated in a revolution. He was the Menthesuphis of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Menthesuphis.      Egypt

According to the Greek lists he was the successor of Phiops, king of Memphis. This is the Greek form of the Egyptian royal name Ment-em-saf, which see. (1876c1)

$H Mentoniere.

A piece of armour which was worn as a protection for the chin and throat. It was generally provided with an aperture to breathe through, as is shown in our cut. ILLUS. mentonie(1891a1)

$H Mentu.      Egypt

Mentu. A first priest o= f Amen Khem. The time when he lived is uncertain. (1= 876c1)

Mentu. An Egyptian warl= ike deity, a form of the god Ra. He was worshipped at He= rmonthis and the Thebaid generally. He was represented= with the head of a hawk, surmounted by the solar disk with two upright feather= s, and holding the sword called a Khopesh in his hand. He is the form of Amen, of whom, = in the poem of Pent-aur, Ra= meses II. implored, and was believed to have received help, when he fought agai= nst the Hittites at the battle of Kadesh. (1876c1= )

Mentu. The Egyptian war god. He was one of the sola= r gods adored at Thebes<= /st2:place>; his cult there was at one time as important as that of Amen. It is probab= le that he was the original god of the district between Kus and Gebelên, Amen being a later form. T= he chief centre of it was at Hermonthis (Erment). His wife at that place was Ra-t-taui. The bull was sacred to him, being in this case called Bakh<= /i>, an equivalent to the Mnevis-bull of Ra. Mentu is represented as a hawk-headed man wearing a= solar disk and two plumes. Ramses II. in the wrath = of battle compares himself to his "father Mentu." ILLUS. Mentu.(1902b1)

=

$H Mentu= -em-ankh. "Mentu the Living."      Egypt

King of Thebes, one of the twenty kings of Egypt under the Assyrian Icosarchy. (1876c1)

$H Mentu-hotep.      Egypt

A grandson of King Se= bekhotep II. of the XIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

The son of Ankh-karo-= amat, the daughter of Takelot II. of the XXIInd dynasty. (1876c1)

The father of Sebekho= tep II. of the XIIIth dynasty, but he was not him= self a king of Egypt. (1876c1)

An Egyptian, the son of Iri-sen-aker and his wife Hapu, by whom he was named after= the name of the reigning sovereign of the XIth dy= nasty. (1876c1)

An Egyptian officer of the XIIth dynasty, the son of Mentuhotep, a royal offic= er, and his wife Ai. He was the General in Chief of the royal army, and as su= ch accompanied the king in all his expeditions. He was also called a "R= oyal Parent," and a prophet of Ma. (1876c1)

$H Mentu-hetep I or Me= ntu-hotep I.      Egypt

Mentu-hetep I= ., Neb-hetep. Second king of Dynasty XI., cir. 2965 B.C.(1902b1)

Mentu-hotep I= . "Peace of Mentu." The second king of the XIth dynasty of Egypt. He succeeded Antef I. He was the Mandonophis of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Mentu-hetep II or Mentu-hotep= II.   Egypt

Mentu-hetep II . Neb-taui-Ra . Fifth king of Dynasty XI.,= cir. 2922 B.C., and son of Queen Am. Inscriptions bearing this king's name are found in the quarries of Hammamât. A tablet at Konosso states that = he conquered thirteen tribes.(1902b1)

Mentu-hotep II. The fourth king of the XIth dynasty.= He succeeded Antef-Aa II., and is said to have conquered thirteen nations. He dwelt chiefly at Coptos, where he built a temple to Ammon and Khnum. (187= 6c1)

$H Mentu-hetep III or = Mentu-hotep III.      Egypt

, Neb-= kher-Ra. Eighth king of Dynasty XI., cir. 2832 B.C. Two queens are known,= Tumem (?) and Aah.(1902= b1)

Mentu-hotep III. The sixth king of the XIth Egyptian dynasty. He appears to have been the first king to whom while living the title of "His Holiness" was applied. He reigned forty-three yea= rs. (1876c1)

$H Mentun-sasu.      Egypt

An Egyptian captain and Sutenrekh, in the reign o= f Amenemha I. of the XIIth dynasty. He had a wife named Men-khetu, and a= son Mennu. (1876c1)

$H Mentu-ra.      Egypt

A priest of Amen Ra, under the reign of Osorkon I. of the XXIInd dynasty. He was also surnamed Neb-neteru. (18= 76c1)

$H Menzil.

Orient. Houses in th= e East for the reception of travellers, in places wh= ere there are neither caravanserais nor khans.(1883m1)

$H Mean. Etruria

$H Meander. Ornament

$H Mechir.

$H Me= chlin Lace.

$H Medal. Numismatics

$H Medallion.

$H Mediaeval. (See MIDDLE AGES.) (1883m1); [Middle Ages.] (1891a1)

$H Medical Papyri. Egypt

$H Medicine. <= /span> Egypt

$H Medimnus.

$H Medin= et-Abu. Egypt

$H Medinet el-Fay&ucir= c;m. Egypt

$H Meditrinalia.

$H Medium. Painting

$H Medjm= aa.

$H Medusa.

$H Megab= ignes. Persia

$H Megalartia.

$H Megalesian.

$H Megiddo.

$H Megylp.

$H Meher= baal. Tyre

$H Mehhu= r. Egypt

$H Mehi<= /span>. Egypt

$H Mehit. Egypt

$H Meht-= em-i-sekhet. Egypt

$H Meht-naskhti.

$H Mehurt. Egypt

$H Meine= s. Egypt

$H Meire. Egypt

$H Meiri. Egypt

$H Meissen. [See Dresden China.] (1891a1)

$H Melek= ithian. Cyprus

$H Melek-kiryath. Or Melkarth. "King of the City."

$H Melides.

$H Melina. R. A pouch made out = of the skin of a marten (or a badger, meles).(1883m1)

$H Melium.

$H Melkarth. Or Melek-kiryath. "King of the City." Phoenicia

$H Mell. (See MALLEUS.) (1883m1)

$H Melotte. Old English

$H Mellow. Painting

$H Members. Heraldry

$H Membrana.

$H Membranula.

$H Memnon. Egypt

$H Memnonium. Egypt

$H Memphis. Egypt

$H Memphite Nome. Egypt

$H Memra= . "The Word."

$H Memru= mus. Phoenicia

$H Memru= n. Etruria

$H Men. Egypt

$H Mena. Egypt

$H Menah= em. In Assyrian, Minihim.

$H Mena-= nu-sat. "Shepherds of the East."

$H Menarva. Or Menrva, or Meneruva, or<= /i> Menerva.

$H Menat. Egypt

$H Menat= -khufu. Egypt

$H Mench= eres I. Egypt

$H Mench= eres II. Egypt

$H Mendes. Egypt

$H Mende= sius. Egypt

$H Menehis or Minihis<= /span>.

$H Menel= aites. Egypt

$H Menenba. Egypt

$H Menepthah I. "Beloved by Pthah." Egypt

$H Menepthah II. Egypt

$H Menep= thah III. Egypt

$H Meneruva. Etruria

$H Menerva. Or Menrva, or Meneruva, or<= /i> Menarva.

$H MENES. "The Stable," or "Firm."

$H MENF.

$H Menhir. Celtic

$H Menhit. Egypt

$H = Menis, Meniscus.

$H Men-ka-Ra <= /span> Egypt

$H Menkauhor or Men-kau-= Hor. Egypt

$H Men-kau-Ra. Egypt

$H Menkera. Egypt

$H Menkheper. Egypt

$H Melina.

R. A pouch made out = of the skin of a marten (or a badger, meles).(1883m1)