$H On. Egypt
|
See |
|
On: |
$H Onaerges.
|
A king of Limenium
in the |
$H Onager, Onagrus.
|
R.
An engine for hurling stones of great size.(1883m1) |
$H Onar. Scandinavia<=
/st1:place>
|
In Scandinavian mythology the second husba=
nd
of the goddess Nott, by whom he had a daughter lord, or the earth. He was
also called Anar. (1876c1) |
$H Onicolo.
|
Onicolo or Nicolo. A variety of the onyx, with a deep‑brown
ground, on which is a band of bluish white, used for making cameos.(1883m=
1) |
$H Onnos.
|
The Greek form of the royal name Unas, which see. (1876c1) |
$H Onocentaurs.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
Fabulous
animals, half man, half ass.(1883m1) |
$H Onouris. Egypt
|
Another name of the Egyptian deity Anhur, which see. (1876c1) |
$H Onuphrius, St.
|
St.
Onuphrius, according to the legend was a monk=
of |
$H Onychomancy.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
(onyx, a nail). Divination by mea=
ns of
the marks on the nails of the hands.(1883m1) |
$H Onyx.
|
Onyx.
A variety of agate or chalcedony of remarkable beauty and marked by paral=
lel
and concentric rays variously coloured. It wa=
s much
used by the ancients for cameo‑engraving.(1891a1) |
|
Onyx
(=
Ð<L>[=3Donux], a finger=
‑nail).
(1) A general name for the varieties of the aga=
te
which consist of alternate layers of white, brown, or black, greatly valu=
ed
by the ancients for cameos. In the Christian symbolism the onyx typifies
innocence and candour. (See ONICOLO.) (2) The name has also been applied by the ancie=
nts to
Oriental alabaster. (3) Onyx marble was a name given to Algerian ma=
rble
from |
$H Oohhotep. See Aahotep, a queen of the XI= Ith dynasty. (1876c1)
$H Oohmes.
|
The form adopted by some Egyptologists for=
the
royal name Aahmes. The same rule applies to t=
he use
of the initial Oo throughout in lieu of Aa. (1876c1) |
$H Oohmes.=
|
Oohmes. Or Aahmes. An Eg=
yptian
priest and officer, whose monument is in the |
$H Opa, Opê.
|
Opa, Opê. Gr. Arch. (ÏBZ[=3Dope]). A cavity=
in which
a tie‑beam (tignum)
rests; whence the space included between two ÏB"Â[=3Dopai] or tigna w=
as
called metop=
a
or intertign=
um.(1883m1) |
$H Opacity.
|
Want
of transparency.(1883m1) |
$H Opadarmes.
|
The father of Atrines=
,
the rebel king of |
$H Opaion.
|
Gr.
Arch. The panels on a ceiling formed by the intersection of its
beams.(1883m1) |
$H Opal.
|
A
blueish white variety of quartz, which is sem=
i‑transparent
and iridescent.(1891a1) |
|
A
semi‑transparent stone, remarkable for the play of colours
that it exhibits. Three varieties are, the oriental opal, called also the noble opal and the ha=
rlequin
opal, remarkable for its flashes of brilliant colour=
s
having a triangular disposition. The affection that the ancients entertai=
ned
for this beautiful gem was unbounded. The Roman senator Nonnius
preferred exile to parting with a brilliant opal the size of a filbert wh=
ich
Marc Antony coveted. The fire opal is furnished principally by |
--- $H Op= al Glass.
|
Opal Glass=
, called
also Milk‑white Glass; prepared for globes to lamps, &c.(1883m1=
) |
$H Opales, Opalia.
|
R.
Festivals of Ops, the wife of Saturn, which were held every year on the
fourteenth of the calends of January (19th of December).(1883m1) |
$H Opalescent.
|
Having
a play of colours like the opal.(1883m1) |
|
A
body is said to be opalescent=
when
it is semi‑transparent and iridescent like an opal. The scientific
explanation of the phenomenon of opalescence is that particles of gas or
solid matter are uniformly intermixed in a transparent body.(1891a1) |
$H Opaque. Painting
|
(Paint.)
A term applied to pigments which lack transparency. Chrome green is a good
example of an opaque pigment. Some pigments undergo a curious change when
laid on the canvas; they lose their opacity
and so allow any colour which has been laid on
beneath them to be distinctly seen. This is especially the case with pigm=
ents
containing lead, the use of which can never be recommended.(1891a1) |
$H Opê. [See Opa – Editor]
$H Open Air. (Paint.) [See Plein
Air.] (1891a1)
$H Opening. Architecture
|
(Arch.)
A general term applied to the bays, windows, doors, and other spaces which
break a façade, the nave of a church. &c.(1891a1) |
$H
Opening of the Mouth. Egypt
|
Opening of the Mouth: a ceremony performed on the mummy by a
priest at the tomb, to enable the dead to breathe and eat (see p. 322).
(1894e1) |
$H Open‑tide.
|
O.E.
The season between Epiphany and Ash‑Wednesday, when marriages were
publicly solemnized.(1883m1) |
$H Opera.
|
A
lyrical drama set to music; originated at |
$H Operculum.
|
R.
A cover for any kind of earthenware vessel.(1883m1) |
$H Opet.
|
Opet: |
$H Ophicleide.
|
(ÐN4H[=3Dophis], a serpe=
nt, and 68,ÂH[=3Dkleis], a key).=
A wind
instrument of brass or copper made in the form of a serpent. Generally, t=
he
bass of a military band.(1883m1) |
$H Ophiolite. Green porphyry or SERPENTINE.
(1883m1)
$H Ophiomancy.
|
Gr.
Divination by snakes.(1883m1) |
$H Ophiomorphous.
|
Snake‑shaped.(1883m1) |
$H Ophite. Green porphyry or SERPENTINE. (1883m1)
$H Ophites.
|
|
$H Opima Spolia.
|
R.
The "spoils of honour," consisting =
of armour set up as a trophy and dedicated in the Fig. 501. Opima Spolia. Trophy of=
Gallic
Ensigns.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"on_files/image019.gif")
$H Opinicus. Heraldry
|
Her.
A fabulous heraldic monster; a dragon before and a lion behind, with a
camel's tail.(1883m1) |
$H Opisthodomos or Opisthodomus.
|
|
|
|
$H Oporotheca.
|
Gr.
(=
ÏBTD@‑2Z60[=3Doporo‑theke]). A
store‑house for fruits.(1883m1) |
$H Oppidan.
|
At
Eton College, a boy who is not a king's scholar, and boards in the
town.(1883m1) |
$H Oppidum.
|
R.
A fortified town, and thence the mass of buildings occupying the extremit=
y of
a circus, in which were the stalls for the chariots and horses (carceres). Fig.
502 gives a representation of the oppidum in the circus of Caracall=
a.
Fig. 502. Oppidum and carceres of the circus of Cara=
calla.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"on_files/image020.gif")
$H Ops. Rome
|
In Roman mythology an ancient name of the
deity of the earth. (1876c1) |
$H Optical Correction.
|
Optical
Correction is a name given to the task of adapting art objects, or
architectural proportions and ornaments, to the circumstances of distance=
or
comparison in which they are to be exhibited. Belzoni observes that the h=
eads
of colossal Egyptian statues are proportionally larger than the lower
members. (For numerous examples of this contrivance, see the article in t=
he Architectural Publication Society's
Dictionary.)(1883m1) |
$H Optics.
|
(Gr.
=
ÐBJ@:"4[=3Doptomai], to se=
e). The
science of the nature and properties of light; of its changes as it
penetrates or is reflected or absorbed by bodies; of the structure of the
eye, and the laws of vision; and of instruments in c=
onnexion
with sight. It is thus closely connected with the science of colour, and the arts in general. The earliest treat=
ise
extant on this science is |
$H Optigraph.
|
A
telescope for copying landscapes. (See CLAUDE GLASS.)(1883m1) |
$H Optostratum.
|
R.
(=
ÏBJÎH[=3Doptos], brick, =
and FJDTJÎ<[=3Dstroton], strewn). A brick pavement, oft=
en
arranged in a herring‑boned pattern, as in the OPUS SPICATUM. (Fig.
509.)(1883m1)
|
![](3D"on_files/image021.gif")
$H Opus Albarium. (See STUCCO.) (1883m1)
$H Opus Alexandrinum.
|
(Arch.)
A simple kind of mosaic pavement much used in |
|
A
mosaic flooring much used by the Romans, consisting of geometric figures,=
and
generally of only two kinds of tessera, red a=
nd
black on a white ground. (See MUSIVUM OPUS.) Fig. 503. Alexandrinum opus.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"on_files/image022.gif")
$H Opus Antiquum.
|
(Arch.)
A form of masonry employed by Roman architects in which the stones were n=
ot
squared. This kind of stone‑work is also called opus incertuum. Both the opus antiquum
and the opus spicatum,
or herring‑bone masonry, were used in buildings of the Latin and
Romanesque styles. ILLUS. opusanti(1891a1)
|
![](3D"on_files/image023.gif")
$H Opus Araneum.=
|
(spider‑work).
A kind of embroidery, 13th century; modern "guipure d'art."(188=
3m1) |
$H Opus Consutum.
|
Appliqué
work in embroidery. (See APPLIQUÉ.)(1883m1) |
$H Opus Filatorium.
|
A
kind of embroidery, 14th century; modern "filet brodé."(1883m1) |
$H Opus Graecum.=
|
R.
Inlaid pavement. (See MUSIVUM OPUS.)(1883m1) |
$H Opus Incertum.
|
R.
A Roman method of building; the construction of walls of very small rough
stones, not laid in courses, but held together by the mortar.(1883m1) |
$H Opus Insertum.
|
R.
A Roman method of building, of courses of flat tiles, the most durable of
all. Such courses were also introduced in the other kinds of stone and br=
ick
walls, in which they served as bond‑courses, and also kept the damp
from rising from the ground.(1883m1) |
$H Opus Musivum.= Mosaic. = (See Musivum.) Fig. 505. Musivum<= span class=3DGramE> opus. (1883m1)
$H Opus Pectineum.
|
Opus Pectineum (comb‑wrought). Woven work imitating emb=
roidery.(1883m1) |
$H Opus Phrygianum. R. Fine embroidery. (See ORPHREY.) = (1883m1)
$H Opus Plumarium.
|
Opus Plumarium (feather‑stitch). Embroidery of which the
stitches overlap one another like the feathers of a bird.(1883m1) |
$H Opus Pseud‑iso‑= domum.
|
Gr.
(lit. quasi‑equal struc=
ture).
A Greek method of building in which the courses are (1) parallel and uneq=
ual,
but regular among themselves, as in Fig. 506; or (2) irregular altogether=
, as
in the Gate of Lions at Mycenae, Fig. 507 (or in Fig. 504). Fig. 504. Pseudisodomum opus, with a cour=
se of
opus insertum. Fig. 506. Pseudisodomum opus. Fig. 507. Gate of Lions at
|
![](3D"on_files/image024.gif")
![](3D"on_files/image025.gif")
![](3D"on_files/image026.gif")
$H Opus Pulvinarium.
|
Opus Pulvinarium (cushion‑style). Embroidery like modern =
|
$H Opus Reticulatum.
|
Opus Reticulatum. (Arch.) A term applied by Roman archit=
ects
to that kind of brickwork or masonry which we term diamond pattern.(1891a=
1) |
|
Opus
Reticulatum, R. A Roman method of constructio=
n,
with an ornamental surface resembling the meshes of a net. Fig. 508. Structu=
ra
reticulata.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"on_files/image027.gif")
$H Opus Spicatum.
|
Opus
Spicatum. (Arch.) In Roman architecture the m=
asonry
which we call herring‑bone was called opus spi=
catum.
[ |
|
Opus
Spicatum, R. Herring‑bone masonry. Fig. 509. Spicatum opus.(1883m1)
|