$H Pala.
|
Pala, R. A spade, or scoop in the form of a spade, =
and
thence the bezil of a ring. Pala, It.
An altar front. The Pala d'oro of
St. Mark's, |
$H Palace.
|
(Arch.) A collection=
of
buildings, richly adorned and on a large scale, which serves as a dwelling
for sovereigns and princes, or as a place of meeting for state
bodies.(1891a1) |
$H Palaemarea. Egypt
|
Another name of the town of |
$H Palaestra.
|
(B"8"\FJD"[=3Dpalaistra]). A =
place for
wrestling, formerly part of the gymnasium. (See GYMNASIUM.)(1883m1) |
|
(Arch.) A Greek word
denoting the place where athletes were trained. Structurally speaking, th=
e palaestra differed but little from the gymnasium (q=
.v.).
The Greeks valued physical grace and beauty very highly. The palaestra, therefore, occupied a very important pla=
ce in
the life of the ancient Greeks, and as it afforded the best opportunity f=
or
the study of the nude, its influence upon art, especially the art of
sculpture, was considerable.(1891a1) |
$H = Palanga. (See PHALANGAE.)= Hence= : ‑ Palanquin. (1883m1)
$H Palanquin. Asia
|
A covered conveyance=
for one
person, carried on the shoulders of men in |
$H Palaria. Rome
|
R. An exercise practised by young Roman recruits, which
consisted of hurling javelins (pila) against a stake (palus) fixed in the groun=
d.
(See PEL.)(1883m1) |
$H Palaul.
|
An ascetic, who lives upon milk and dwells=
in
the holy mountains of the Todas<=
/span>.
See Kavi=
laul.
(1876c1) |
$H Paldara. Chaldaea
|
In Chaldean
astronomy an unidentified fixed star. (1876c1) |
$H Pale. Heraldry
|
Pale, Her. One of the
ordinaries. Palewise
or In Pale, arranged vertica=
lly
one above the other, as the lions of |
|
Pale. (Her.) The pal=
e is one
of the honourable ordinaries. It consists of =
two
perpendicular lines drawn from the base to the chief of the shield, which
enclose a space equal to one third of the shield. ILLUS. pale(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image045.gif")
$H Palê.
|
Gr. (BV80[=3Dpale]). A Greek term having the same meanin=
g as
LUCTA, LUCTAMEN, LUCTAMENTUM (q.v.).(1883m1) |
$H Paleste. Greece
|
Gr. (B"8"4FJ¬[=3Dpalaiste], i.e.=
palm of
the hand). A lineal measure used by the Greeks equal to the quarter of a
foot, or a little more than three inches. (See PALMUS.)(1883m1) |
$H Palette. 1. Armorial; 2. Egyptian; 3. P= ainter's
--- $H Pa= lettes, Armorial. = [See also Roundels - Editor]
|
Palettes or Roundels, in Armour,
are round plates or shields hung on the armour to
defend the joints of the arm, necessarily left free for action.(1883m1) |
|
Palettes. Small disk=
s or
plates of metal which, when plate armour was =
worn,
were fixed at the shoulder, as represented in our cuts. ILLUS. palettes(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image046.gif")
--- $H Pa=
lette,
Egyptian. <=
/span> Egypt
|
The
palette figured in pictures on tomb walls exactly corresponds with those
which have been found. These consist of a rectangular block of wood varyi=
ng
from 10 ins. by 2 ins. to 16 ins. by 2 1/2 ins. and about 3/8 of an inch
thick. At one end are small hollows, usually only two, to hold the differ=
ent
pigments. Down the centre is cut a groove ending in a kind of pocket for
holding the reed pens or brushes. Several palettes in other materials have
been found, such as limestone, basalt, ivory, and sometimes they are inla=
id
or otherwise finely decorated. These, however, were probably funerary obj=
ects
not intended for use. Sometimes they have been found buried with scribes,=
and
the name of the owner is frequently engraved on them, followed by an
inscription dedicating the palette to Thoth. =
The
94th chapter of the "Book of the Dead" contains a prayer to |
--- $H Palette, Painter's
|
Palette. "Setti=
ng the
palette" is arranging the colours for us=
e.
This is always done in a certain order regulated by the key in which the
picture is to be painted. The order generally recommended is to begin with
white, and then proceed through the yellows, reds, and blues to black. The
Egyptians used palettes of a long rectangular form; one side higher than =
the
other, had two or three saucers sunk in it to hold cakes of colour or ink; the other side was notched to receiv=
e the calami =
or cut
reeds used as writing‑pens.(1883m1) |
|
Palette. (Paint.) The
palette, one of the principal requirements of the painter, consists of a =
thin
piece of wood, generally walnut or pear, hollowed out at one end with a h=
ole
through which the thumb is passed. Palettes are either oval or square. To
begin with the palette is set, that is to say, it is covered with colours arranged in a certain order. On its edge a =
small
saucer is sometimes hung to hold the oil. In water‑colour
painting palettes of porcelain are used, while the palette used in distem=
per
may be described as a large piece of wood surrounded by holes, in which t=
he colours are ground in water and mixed with size. The
palette is often regarded as the symbol of painting. The gilder's palette=
is
an instrument of wood which the gilder uses to spread his gold leaf upon.=
The
term palette is also applied to the tablet used by workers in stucco, as =
well
as to the iron instrument with which binders stamp ornaments on the back =
of
books. 3 ILLUS. palette1,
palette2, palette3(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image047.gif")
![](3D"pal_files/image048.gif")
![](3D"pal_files/image049.gif")
$H Palette Knife. Painting
|
(Paint.) The
palette knife is a strip of horn or flexible metal, which is used by pain=
ters
to mix their colours on the palette before la=
ying
them on their canvas with a brush. In former times this was the only purp=
ose
to which the palette knife was put, but in the present generation its
importance his considerably increased. Some painters of the modern school=
use
the palette knife only and never the brush in the execution of their work=
s.
Others lay in their skies and foregrounds with the palette knife. The pal=
ette
knife has changed its traditional form, and often assumes a triangular or
other shape, according to the method of work of the artist who uses it. <=
/span>ILLUS. palettek(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image050.gif")
$H Palilia.
|
R. A festival in |
$H Palimpsest.
|
(B"8\:‑R0FJ@H[=3Dpalim‑psestos],
lit. scraped again). A parchment the writing on which had been erased, so
that it might be used again. Monumental brasses are found to have been
reversed and used a second time. In both cases the most ancient writing or
inscription is generally the most valuable and interesting.(1883m1) |
|
A term applied to an=
cient
manuscripts upon parchment which has already been written upon once and t=
hen
erased or otherwise washed clean. In modern times certain chemical reagen=
ts
have been discovered which render the original writing more or less legib=
le,
and by this means many valuable fragments of ancient literature have been
discovered in palimpsest. (1891a1) |
$H Palindrome.
|
(BV84<[=3Dpalin], again, =
and *D`:@H[=3Ddromos], a cour=
se). A
sentence which reads the same when read backwards or forwards. Such is the
Greek inscription on the ancient font in the chapel of |
$H Palissy Ware.=
|
Palissy Ware. (Pot.) Palissy ware
is the pottery made by the distinguished French potter, Bernard Palissy (1506‑1596?). This indefatigable arti=
st set
about making enamels, and for nearly twenty years met with no success. At
length, however, he triumphed, and made the figures in high relief for wh=
ich
he is still famous. His most characteristic works were the rustiques figulines,
which were dishes or vases with a rough ground, upon which frogs, snakes,
fish, lizards, and other creatures were figured.(1891a1) |
|
Palissy Ware. The pieces to which Palissy
owes his reputation, in the first place, are the so‑called "ru=
stic
pottery" (rustiques figulines),
"dishes or vases where upon a rough ground strewn with fossil shells,
lizards and salamanders are running, frogs jumping, snakes crawling or
sleeping, or more still, in a streamlet of water wriggling eels, pointed&=
#8209;nosed
pikes, trout with spotted scales, and a thousand others of our fresh̴=
9;water
fishes are swimming." When afterwards he worked in the capital, he d=
id
not give up his rustic compositions, but mixed them with the human figure.
"There is an identity of style in all his figures and compositions; =
such
as the Diana, Plenty, &c., framed round with delicate and ingenious
ornaments drawn in the taste of the period." (Jacquemart.) Fig. 516. Palissy Jug.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image051.gif")
$H Paliurus.
|
A thorn‑bush w=
ith long
sharp spikes, common on the coasts of the |
$H Paliya.
|
Paliya. The governor o=
f Mazamua, in the reign of Assur=
dan
III. He was eponym of the year B.C. 768. (1876c1) |
|
Paliya. The son of |
$H Pall. Heraldry
|
(Her.) A pall is an
ecclesiastical vestment worn over the shoulders. The part of it shown on a
shield takes the form of the letter Y. The pall is only worn by archbisho=
ps,
and is the distinctive mark in heraldry of these dignitaries of the Churc=
h. ILLUS. pall(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image052.gif")
$H Palla. Greco-Roman
|
Gr. and R. A robe of=
state
worn by patrician ladies, and frequently represented on statues of goddes=
ses.
Palla citharoedica
was the name given to a long robe which musicians wore upon the stage; Ap=
ollo
is often represented with this garment, especially when he is surnamed |
|
A robe worn by Greek=
women
and reaching from the neck to the feet. It consisted of a rectangular pie=
ce
of cloth, a portion of which was folded over before it was put on, so that
the upper portion fell double over the wearer. It was secured at the
shoulders with a brooch. ILLUS. palla(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image053.gif")
$H Palla Corporalis. Chr. The veil for the Pyx. (See CORPORAL.)(1883m1)
$H Palladian.
|
A name given to the
classical style of architecture, as it was revived in the 16th century by=
the
celebrated architect Andrea Palladio. At a ti=
me
when architecture was losing its grace and simplicity, Palladio
insisted on an observance of proportion and restraint. The buildings which
give us the best idea of the Palladian style are to be seen at |
$H Palladium.
|
(1) An image of Pall=
as Athenê, kept carefully hidden, and revered as=
the
safeguard of the place where it lay. The most celebrated was the Palladium of (2) The term has been
applied to a metal discovered by Dr. Wollaston in
1803, obtained from platinum, which it resembles in =
colour
and lustre.(1883m1) |
$H Pallakists. Egypt
|
In Egyptian mythology certain ladies who w=
ere
attached to the |
$H Pallas <= /i>Athene. [See Athene.] (1891a1)
$H Pallet. Heraldry
|
(Her.) A diminutive =
of the pale (q.v.). ILLUS. pallet(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image054.gif")
$H Pallium. Costume
|
(Gr. Ê:VJ4@<[=3Dhimation]). A l=
arge
square woollen sheet or blanket worn by the G=
reeks
over the shoulders, and fastened like the ABOLLA round the neck with a br=
ooch
(fibula); it formed the princ=
ipal
article of the amictus
or Greek dress. (Hence the expression to palliate,
or cloak over, an offence.) (2) Chr. A vestme=
nt
bestowed by the Pope on all patriarchs and arch‑bishops on their
accession to office as the symbol of their ecclesiastical power. The mate=
rial
is obtained from the wool of two lambs slain on the Eve of St. Agnes. The
modern pallium of the Church is a short white=
cloak
ornamented with a red cross, which encircles the neck and shoulders, and
falls down the back. The pall or pallium is a
charge in the arms of the Sees of Canterbury, |
|
A garment which may =
best be
described as a large cloak. It completely enveloped the wearer, and was m=
uch
worn by the Greeks, among whom it took the place occupied at
|
![](3D"pal_files/image055.gif")
$H Pall-mall.
|
The ancient form of =
the game
of croquet, "wherein a round box bowle i=
s with
a mallet strucke through a high arch of yron standing at either end of an ally." (Cotgrave.)
"This game is used at the long alley near St. James's, and vulgarly
called Pell‑Mell." (Blount's Glossary, 1681.)(1883m1) |
$H Palm.
|
The ancient classica=
l emblem
of victory and triumph was early assumed by the Christians as the univers=
al
symbol of martyrdom. In |
|
The leaf of the palm=
‑tree
forms a frequent motive in decorative art. It is particularly appropriate=
in
the construction of trophies, as it is the symbol of victory. In Indian
fabrics the name palm‑leaf is given to a different ornament. This i=
s a
leaf curved at the end covered with foliage and arabesques, often very
complicated in design and rich in colour. A s=
ystem
of ornament consisting of small palm‑leaves is used in various styl=
es
of architecture. Sometimes the leaf is inscribed in a curve, or it consis=
ts
of several stems, five in number or even more, held together by a kind of
clasp. Their lower portion often ends in a scroll. In classical art the p=
alm is
the emblem of Victory, and figures of Victory frequently hold a palm̴=
9;branch
in their hand, as in our cut, which is a copy of a Roman gem. In Christian
art the palm is the emblem of martyrdom, and in mediaeval pictures martyrs
are invariably represented holding a palm. 4 ILLUS. pa=
lm1,
palm2, palm3, palm4(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image056.gif")
![](3D"pal_files/image057.gif")
![](3D"pal_files/image058.gif")
![](3D"pal_files/image059.gif")
$H Palmelle,
Palmetto Egypt
|
palmelle, palmetto: decoration=
in
the form of stylized fronds of palm. (1894e1) |
$H Palm-leaf.
|
Arch. An architectur=
al
ornament bearing more or less resemblance to a palm‑leaf, employed =
for mouldings, and for the decoration of the corners of=
the
ceilings in Doric cornices; and in antefixae,=
as crownings for the pediment and as acroteria.
Figs. 516a and 516b represent palm‑leaves of terra‑cotta. Fig. 516 a. Palm leaf Ornament. Fig. 516 b. Architectural Palm‑leaf Ornament.(1883m1)<= o:p>
|
![](3D"pal_files/image060.gif")
![](3D"pal_files/image061.gif")
$H Palmus.
|
Gr. and R. A measure=
of
length. Of the Greek palmus
the greater (=
FB42":¬[=3Dspithame]) cont=
ained nine
finger‑breadths, and the less (B"8"4FJ¬[=3Dpalaiste]) four. The greater Roman palmus
contained twelve finger‑breadths or about nine inches, and the less
four finger‑breadths. The greater palmus was taken from the
length of the hand or span, the less from the breadth of it.(1883m1) |
$H Palstave.
|
Celt. A wedge‑=
shaped
axe used by the Celtic nations in war for battering the armour
of the enemy. (See Fig. 255.)(1883m1)
|
|
A curious weapon, co=
nsisting
of a piece of metal, such as is represented in our cut, which could be fi=
xed
upon a staff and used with considerable effect. It is pre‑eminently=
a
Scandinavian weapon, but it was used as well by all the Celtic nations. <=
/span>ILLUS. palstave(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image062.gif")
![](3D"pal_files/image063.gif")
$H Paltock.
|
(modern
paletô=
t).
"A short cloake with sleeves," i.e.=
a
great‑coat.(1883m1) |
$H Paludamentum.=
|
R. A military cloak =
worn
over their armour by the generals and superior
officers of the Roman army; an officer thus dressed was said to be paludatus. (See
Fig. 44.)(1883m1)
|
|
A cloak generally of=
fine
texture and rich colour, which was worn by Ro=
man
officers over their armour. It was fastened o=
n the
shoulder by a brooch, and in shape, though not in size ‑ for it was
considerably larger ‑ it resembled the Greek c=
hlamys.
ILLUS. paludame(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image064.gif")
![](3D"pal_files/image065.gif")
$H Palus.
|
R. (pango, to fix). A stake p=
lanted
in the earth, against which recruits hurled their javelins (pila). =
The
mediaeval PEL (q.v.).(1883m1) |
$H Paly. Heraldry
|
(Her.) In heraldry a=
field
is said to be paly when it is divided into several=
equal
parts by perpendicular lines. These equal parts are alternately metal and
tincture. The shield in our cut is described thus: P=
aly
of four, argent and gules. ILLUS. paly(1891a1)
|
![](3D"pal_files/image066.gif")
$H Pam. Old English
|
O.E. The knave of cl=
ubs. (Halliwell.)(1883m1) |
$H Pa-mai. Egypt
|
An Egyptian king of the XXIInd
dynasty. He succeeded Sheshanka III. He reign=
ed
more than twenty years, which is all that is recorded of him. He was
succeeded by Sheshanka IV., the last king of =
the
dynasty. (1876c1) |
$H Pa-mau. Egypt
|
An Egyptian priest of the goddess Mehi. He was one of a family which had held the like
office for five generations. (1876c1) |
$H Pammachium (B<= /span>":<= span style=3D'mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:"WP Greek Courier"'>:<= /span>VP<= /span>4@<= /span><[=3Dpammachion]). A synonym for PANCRATIUM (q.v.). (1883m1)
$H Pam-panis.
|
A town in the desert belonging to the Tentyrite nome, in the =
Thebaid of Upper Egypt. (1876c1) |
$H Pamu. "The Lion." Egypt
|
The chief commander of the mercenaries, and
one of the rebel chiefs who was defeated by Piankhi-=
Meramen
of the XXIInd dynasty. (1876c1) |
$H Pamurkau. Egypt
|
The son of an officer in the reign of Quee=
n Aahmes Nofre-tari, named Iou-ernuf, which=
see.
(1876c1) |