$H Pa-ra. "Town of Ra= ." Egypt

An Egyptian town now called Der, founded by Rameses= II., and where he built a temple to Ra as one of his protecting deities. (1876= c1)

$H Par-ab-hor. Egypt

A priest of Apis. He was the son of Pse-isi. (1876c1)

$H Parabola.

A parabola is a curv= e which results from the section of a cone by a plane parallel to one of its side= s. ILLUS. parabola(1891a1)

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$H Paraboloid.

A surface produced b= y the revolution of a parabola.(1891a1)

$H Parachistae.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Egypt

A class of Egyptian undertakers, whose off= ice it was to eviscerate the body previous to its embalmment. See Mummies. (1876c1)=

$H Parada. Celtic

Celt. A tent or awni= ng stretched over the deck of a vessel, and thence a cabin hung with tapestry.(1883m1)

$H Paradise (Arc= h.). (See Parvise).

$H Paradisus.

(B"DV*,4F@H[=3Dparadeisos]). A= Persian park or pleasure‑garden, enclosed within a wall, elaborately planted and irrigated, and stocked with animals for the chase. Hence the Garden of Eden was so called.(1883m1)

$H Paragauda, Paragaudis. Costume

R. An embroidered ba= nd of silk or gold thread sewn on to a tunic.(1883m1)

$H Paraison.

Fr. A term in glass, equivalent to the English METAL (q.v.).(1883m1)

$H Paraitaka. "Nomads."

According to Herodotus the name of the last and lowest of the six great castes of the Medes. They were the Paretaceni of the Greek historians. (1876c1)

$H Parallel. =

Two lines in the sam= e plane are said to be parallel if, when produced ever so far both ways, they nev= er meet. The term is also applied to similar things placed symmetrically, to subjects of similar outline which form pendants to one ano= ther, or to parts of a building of the same proportion. ILLUS. paralle1(1891a1)

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$H Parallelipiped.

A solid figure bound= ed by six rectangles or six squares. In the latter case it is termed a right paral= lelipiped. The cube is a parallelipiped.(1891a1)

$H Parallelogram.

A four‑sided f= igure, the opposite sides of which are equal and parallel. The lozenge (q.v.) i= s a parallelogram, the four sides of which are equal. ILLUS. paralle2(1891a1)

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$H Parallel‑ruler.

A contrivance consis= ting of two rulers, connected by metal hinges, which enable the rulers to be plac= ed at various distances from one another. By the use of the parallel‑r= uler parallel lines may be drawn without the aid of the square. ILLUS. paralle3(1891a1)

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$H Paralus. Greece

(BVD"8@H[=3Dparalos]). The = name of an Athenian state vessel, kept, like that of the Doge of Venice in modern ti= mes, for state and religious ceremonies. A sister vessel was named the SALAMIN= IA; they were both fast‑sailing triremes.(1883m1)

$H Paramese. Greece

Gr. (next to middle)= , or TRITE (third). The third treble note, immediately above the mese, of the seven‑stringed lyre. (See MESE.)(1883m1)

$H Pa-ramessu. <= span class=3DGramE>"Town of Rameses." Egypt

Pa-ramessu. "Town of Rameses." An Egyptian city now c= alled Ipsambul, founded by Rameses II., where he erected a temple to himself in= the character of a deity. (1876c1)

Pa-ramessu. A strong fortress built by Rameses II. o= f the XIXth dynasty, in the erection of which some writers believe the Israelit= es to have been employed. Here the king of <= st1:place w:st=3D"on">Egypt, and Khitasira, king = of the Hittites, concluded a defensive and extraditionary treaty of peace, after= the battle of Kadesh, which was won by Rameses II. (1876c1)

$H Pa-ra-nefer.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Egypt

The surname of Khonsu= , a fan-bearer of Amen Ra. (1876c1)

$H Paranete.

Gr. (beside the shor= test). The second treble note of the seven‑stringed lyre. (See MESE.)(1883= m1)

$H Parapet.

Parapet, It. (parare petto, to defend the breast). A wall breast‑high on a fortification, roof, or other gallery. (See CRENELS.)(1883m1)

Parapet. A= wall or barrier about breast high, which runs along the edge of a balcony, a platform, or bridge, or protects the top of a house or church.(1891a1)

$H Paraphernalia.

(from the Greek B"DVN,D<"[=3Dparapherna]). T= hat which a wife brings besides her dower; i.e. her personal attire and ornament.(1883m1)

$H Parasang. Persia

A Persian measure of distance, about 30 Greek stadia or 3 3/4 Engl= ish miles.(1883m1)

$H Paraschistes.= Egypt

The man who, with an "Ethiopian stone," made the slit in the side of the deceased in order to withdraw the intestines before embalming the body.(1902b1)<= /o:p>

$H Parastate. Architecture

(Arch.) A term appli= ed indifferently to pilasters, pillars, and pied‑= droits (q.v.).(1891a1)

$H Paratorium. (See OBLATIONARIUM.) (1883m1= )

$H Paraza.

The son of Gagi, chief of the Medes of Saki. His provinces were despoiled by Assurbanipal, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Parazonium.

R. (B"D".f<4@<[=3Dparazonion]). <= span style=3D'mso-no-proof:no'>A short sword or kind of dagger worn by the tri= bunes and superior officers of the Roman army attached to their belt on the rig= ht side. This sword was shorter than the gladius worn by the common soldier on the right side.(1883m1)

$H Parcae. [See Fates, The.] (1891a1, 1876c1)<= o:p>

$H Parchment.

The skin of a sheep = or goat, which is prepared and polished with pumice stone and used for several artistic purposes. Old manuscripts, for instance, were executed on parchm= ent, as well as gouaches and miniatures. Expensive works are sometimes printed= on it, while it is admirably adapted for taking proofs of line engravings. A painting is said to have a parchment tone when it is a yellowish white, suggesting new parchment, or a yellowish grey, suggesting old parchment.(1891a1)

The finer kind of pa= rchment known as vellum is from the s= kins of calves, kids, and dead‑born lambs. The stout parchment of drum&#= 8209;heads is from the skin of the wolf, although that of the ass or calf is sometim= es used. The parchment of battledores is from the skin of the ass, and that = used for sieves from the skin of the he‑goat. The green parchment used in bookbinding is coloured by means of Verdigris. (See LIBER.) The name comes from the L= atin Pergamentum. Eumenes, K= ing of Pergamus, has the honour of the invention.(1883m1)

$H Parclose. Architecture

(Arch.) The circumfe= rence of a church stall.(1891a1)

$H Par-du-bast.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Egypt

A priest of Apis. He was the son of Pa-du-uza-hor in the XXIVth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Pardukka.

A petty kingdom in Media, one of the tributaries of Esarhaddon. It must not to be confounded with Partakka, which was a neighbouring Median state. (1876c1)

$H Parembole.

The Greek name of a chief town in the Dodecaschoenon of Nubia= . It is now called Dabood. (1876c1)=

$H Parentales, Parentalia.

R. Festivals, also c= alled Februales, which were held by the Romans in honour of de= ceased ancestors.(1883m1)

$H Paretaceni.

The Greek form of the name of the Median c= aste Paraitaka, which see. (1876c1)

$H Parga. Persia

A mountain in Persia, where Veisdates, the rebel king, was defeated for a second and last time by Artabardes, the general of Darius Hystaspes. (1876c1)

$H Pargetting, Parge‑work.

Pargetting, Parge‑work, O.E. In Architecture, an old term for the ornamental plasterwork comm= on on the outside walls of timber‑built houses of Queen Elizabeth's and earlier periods.(1883m1)

Pargetting. A term applied to the decorative figures, fol= iage, and garlands of plaster, which are found both inside and outside houses of the 16th and 17th centuries. In many English towns fine specimens of pargetting are to be found, often in very high relief.(1891a1)

$H Parhypate. Music

Gr. (beside the long= est). The second bass note of the seven‑stringed lyre (See MESE.)(1883m1)=

$H Parian Chronicle. Greece

A slab of Parian marble, among the so‑called ARUNDEL MA= RBLES in the University of Oxford, containing a chronological record of Greek history from B.C. 1582 to B.C. 264(1883m1)

$H Parian Marble. Greece

Parian Marble. [See Marble, Pari= an.] (1891a1)

Parian Marble from the island of Paros was of extremel= y fine grain, easy to work, and of a creamy white. The marble now called Parian has a coarse sparkling grain, which, however, takes a high finish. (Redford, Ancient Sculpture.)(1883m1)

$H Paries.

R. The wall of a hou= se or any building, in contradistinction to murus, muri, which denoted the walls of a city.(1883m1)<= /o:p>

$H Par= is Black. A name for IVOR= Y BLACK (q.v.). (1883m1)

$H Par= is Blue.

A very handsome dark= violet‑blue pigment. "Its great qualities of body and intensity of coloration wi= ll always ensure it a large sale; moreover, its mixture with chrome yellow produces a fine green‑cinna= bar or leaf‑green." (<= span class=3DSpellE>Habich.= )(1883m1)

$H Paris Lake. (See CARMINATED LAKES.) (188= 3m1)

$H Parlour.

(Lat. parlatorium). =

(1) The old "speke‑house" in a convent for inmates to= speak with their friends.

(2) Any private room.(1883m1)

$H Par= ma.

R. (BVD:0[=3Dparme]). A shie= ld, usually of circular form, carried in the Roman army by the light‑ar= med troops or light infantry (velites) and the cavalry (equites). The parma<= /st1:City> thracidica used by the class of gladiators called Thraces was not round, but in the form of a small SCUTUM (q.v.).(1883m1)

$H Parnusur. Assyria

An Assyrian city which revolted to Assurdan, and was re-conquered by Samas Rimmon. (1876c1)

$H Paroetonium.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

The Greek name of a Libyan city on the Wes= t of the lake Mareotis. (1876c1)

$H Parody.

A burlesque imitatio= n or reproduction. To parody the manner of an artist is to reproduce sketches = of his works, in which his style and touch are so exaggerated as to produce a grotesque and ridiculous effect.(1891a1)

$H Parquet.

French flooring of i= nlaid woodwork.(1883m1)

$H Pars.

The Egyptian name of the land of Persia. (1876c1)

$H Parsani.

A district bordering on Assyria, which was rendered tributary by Samsi-Vul or = Samas Rimmon III. (1876= c1)

$H Parsaniyai.

A city near Media which was rendered tribu= tary by Samas Rimmon, = king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Parsauvarda. = "The Persian Fortress." Persia

A great city in Persia, from whence the pri= ncipal tribe of the country was named. It was the Pasargadae of the Greek historians. The inhabitants were the original aristocracy. (1876c1)=

$H Parsha. Egypt

An Egyptian town sacred to the deity Bast. Site unknown. (1876c1)

$H Parsley.

Arch. In every perio= d, but especially in Romano‑Byzantine and Gothic art, parsley‑leaves have been abundantly made use of in architectural decoration.(1883m1)

$H Parsura. Etruria

An erroneous rendering of the name of the Etruscan goddess Tarsura, which see. (1876c1)=

$H Partakka.

A petty kingdom in Media. It was one of the tributaries of Esarhaddon. (1876c1)

$H Parted Per (Her.) Divided. (See Party per and Per.)

$H Parthenon. Greece

The great temple bui= lt in honour of Pallas Athene= , which stood on the Acropolis at At= hens. It was built in the 5th century B.C. by Ictinus; in its cella or shrine stood the famous gold and ivory statue of the goddess, while its exterior was adorned by the magnificent sculptures designed by Pheidias himself, some of which are now to be seen = among the Elgin marbles in the British Museum.(1891a1)

The famous temple of Minerva<= /st1:PlaceName> in the Acropolis at Athens. The finest example of the GRECIAN‑DORIC style of architecture; buil= t by Pheidias, 454‑438 B.C. Fergusson says, "For beauty of detail, and for the exquisite perception of the highe= st and most recondite principles of art ever applied to architecture, it sta= nds utterly and entirely alone and unrivalled ‑ the glory of Greece.&qu= ot; (Hist. of Architecture.) The celebrat= ed frieze, 525 feet in length, ran all round the outer wall of the cella c= lose up to the ceiling. The best work on the Parthenon sculptures is by Michaelis (Der Parthenon<= /i>, Leipzig, 1871). (See ELGIN MARBLES.)(1883m1)

$H Parthivi-mutar. "Earth Mother."

The Vedic name of the creative power of the Supreme Being in a receptive and feminine form. From hence was derived the Demeter of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Particera.

A deity of the Susian= s, of whom nothing is known. (1876c1)

$H Parti pris.

A French term for wh= ich there is no exact equivalent in English. It denotes the method in which an artist has chosen to distribute the light of a picture, to conceive a sce= ne, to compose or treat a subject. Thus we may say of a picture that it lacks= parti pris.(1891a1)

$H Partisan.

O.E. A kind of short= pike, introduced temp. Edward III.(1883m1)

$H Partizan.

A long staff surmoun= ted by a broad blade, somewhat resembling a spear‑head, but with an ornament= al projection on each side of it. It was in its origin a weapon of war, but = like the halberd and some other weapons, it early degenerated into a mere mark= of dignity. ILLUS. partizan(1891a1)

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$H Partlet. Old English

O.E. A ruff. "A= maydens neckerchefe or = lynnen parlette."(= 1883m1)

$H Party per and Per. Heraldry [Ed. See also Per for 1883m1]

Party per. (Her.) Th= ese words are used to denote that the shield is divided, and are followed by a word explaining how the division is made. Thus the three cuts here given represent respectively divisions denoted by the phrases, party per fess, party= per bend sinister, and party per = pale. ILLUS. partype1(1= 891a1)

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--- $H Pa= rty per Fess. Heraldry

(Her.) When a horizo= ntal line is drawn through the centre of a shield, the shield is termed party per fess, because the line passes through the fess point. The proper description of our cut is party per fess, engrailed, argent and gu= les. ILLUS. partype2(1= 891a1)

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--- $H Pa= rty per Pale. Heraldry

(Her.) When a perpen= dicular line is drawn down the centre of a shield from chief to base, the shield = is termed party per pale. We give an example of a shield, party per pale, gu= les and argent. ILLUS. partype3(1= 891a1)

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--- $H Pa= rty per Saltire. Heraldry

(Her.) When a shield= is divided partition lines in the direction of the bend and the bend= sinister, it is said to be party per salti= re, for the two partition lines crossing one another make that form of cross known as a saltire. ILLUS. part= ype4(1891a1)

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$H Paru.

Paru. "The Lion." A mystical epithet which is applied to one of the greater divinities in the CLXIIIrd chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)

Paru. The lord or chief of Hilmu. He was one of the = chiefs who, with Ummanigas, king of Elam, and Saulmugina, king of Baby= lon, conspired against Assurbanipal. (1876c1)

Paru. One of the two sons of Ummanaldas, king of Elam, who fled for refuge into Assyria with the sons of Urtaki. See Ummanigas. (1876c1)

$H Pa-ru-haka. Egypt

A mystical title of Ra, the creator, in th= e CLXVth (supplemental) chapter of the Ritual of the = Dead. (1876c1)

$H Parushta. "The Mystic Lion." Egypt

The name of a mystical divinity in the CLXVth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)<= o:p>

$H Parusta.

The king of Kimaru in the country of Cimarusai, who paid tribute= to Samas Rimmon or Samsi-Vul III., king of Assy= ria. (1876c1)

$H Parvise. Architecture

Paradise or Parvise,= Chr. (1) A vestibule or courtyard in front of a chu= rch. The term must thus, at a certain period, have been synonymous with narthex or porch. At the present= day the term is applied to the open space to be found in front of cathedrals = or public buildings. (2) The word is sometimes applied to the room that is o= ften found above church porches. (See CLOISTER GARTH.)(1883m1)

Parvise. (Arch.) An enclosed piece of ground situated = in front of a Christian basilica or church. In early times the parvise was called the atrium, and was set apart for catechumens and penitents. In t= he Middle Ages the term parvise was reserved for= a space shut in with low walls or railings in front of the principal door o= f a church. Thus we speak of the par= vise of a church or of a cathedral. ILLUS. parvise(1891= a1)

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