$H Pa-sankh-uru.= Egypt

The king of Natku, one of the first petty kings of Egypt under the Icosarchy. (1876c1)

$H Pasargadae. Persia

The Greek form of the name of the great Persian city Parsauvarda, which see. It is now famous for the ruins of the palace, and the tomb of Cyrus. (1876c1)<= /o:p>

$H Pasargadians.= Persia

The first of the ten great tribes of ancie= nt Persia. (1876c1)

$H Paschal Taper.

Chr. A large wax‑candle which was consecrated during the service on Easter Eve, and lighted on Sundays from Easter to Whitsuntide, with five grains of incense attached to it to indicate the f= ive movable feasts of the year.(1883m1)

$H Pa-schep. Egypt

A priest of Horus in the XXVIth dynasty. His father was the priest= Pef-aa-neit, and his mother was Na-nefru-sekhet, a priestess of Neith. (1876c1)

$H Pasebkhanu I.= Egypt

A king of the XXIst Dynasty, brother of Men-kheper-Ra, high priest of Amen, and son of Painezem I. He was king of Tanis while Shasha= nq sat on the throne at Bubastis. He is chiefly kn= own from the wall which he built round Tanis (q.v.), the bricks of which are stamped with his cartouche.(1902b1)

$H Pa-se-en-pthah. Egypt

A priest of Apis. He was the son of Ankh-sam-taui, in the period o= f the XXIInd dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Pa-sen-en-khons. Egypt

The father of the priest Khasu-en-amen, which see. (1876c1)

$H Pashakasa. Egypt

A mythical name of one of the greater divinities in the CLXVth (a supplemental) cha= pter of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)

$H Pashet. Egypt

An Egyptian judicial officer. His period is uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Pashons. Egypt

Pashons. Or<= /i> Pachons. The ninth month of the Egyptian sacred year. It began about the 17th of March. (1876c1)

$H Pasht. Egypt

See PAKHT.(1902b1)

The name given by the Greeks to the Egyptian goddess Sek= het, which see. (1876c1)

An Egyptian lady, the wife of Psamektia, prefect= of the archers, and mother of the lady Ta-sen-kno. (1876c1)

$H Pasicrates. Cyprus

A king of Soli= in the Island of Kypros, possibly an error of the Greek scribe for Stasicrate= s, which see. (1876c1)

$H Pasicyprus.

A king of Soli= and the friend of Solon. See Stasicrates, who was probably the same person. He w= as also called Kypranor. (1876c1)

$H Pasiuenkha. Egypt

The Greek form of an Egyptian royal name in the lists of the XXIst dynasty. It is suppose= d to have been the same as Pai-netem, which see. (1876c1)

$H Paslikira.

An Elamite dei= ty of whom nothing is known. (1876c1)

$H Pasquinade.

It. A lampoon; so called from Pasquino, an Italian barb= er at Rome, whose door= was opposite to the statue of a gladiator on which such satirical writings we= re posted.(1883m1)

$H Passage. 1. Architecture; 2. Painting

Passage. (1.) (Arch.= ) A corridor which serves as an exit or adit from= one wing of a building to another. The term is also applied to a vast covered gallery and to a narrow street reserved for foot‑passengers. <= /o:p>

(2.) (Paint.) The me= thod of transition from one tone to another, or from light to shade. When the transition from the luminous part of a picture to the portion plunged in shade is not gradual, the passage is said to be abrupt. In the language of art criticism we are frequently told that a "picture contains charmi= ng passages." This is of course a metaphor taken from literature or music.(1891a1)

$H Passamen. O.E. A kind of lace. (Hall.) (1883m1)

$H Passant. Heraldry

Her. Walking and loo= king forward. Passant guardant, wa= lking and looking out from the shield; = passant reguardant, walking and looking back; passant repassa= nt, walking in opposite directions. (Fig. 518, 519.)

Fig. 518. Passant. Fig. 519. Passant guardant.(1883m1)<= /p>

&nbs= p; &= nbsp; <= /o:p>

$H Passementerie.

Fr. Trimming, lace, = or tape of gold, silver, lace, or thread.(1883m1)

$H Passe‑partout.=

Passe‑partout, Fr. A light picture‑frame of cardboard, having the inner edges generally gilt.(1883m1)

Passe‑partout.= (Engrav.) A passe‑= partout is an engraving either in relief or line, formed of two movable parts. The term may be applied, for instance, to ornamental letters engraved on wood, the frame of which always remains the same, while the centre is movable. = Some etchings too, used to illustrate books in the last century, may be called= passe‑partout. These consisted of a richly decorated border, in the midst of which vignettes with various legends we= re placed; these vignettes could be changed from time to time, the frame meanwhile remaining the same. A double mount in which a drawing or engrav= ing may be easily slipped is also called a passe&= #8209;partout.(1891a1)

$H Passion, Instruments of the -.

Passion, Instruments= of the - a frequent subject in ecclesiastical decoration of the Middle Ages R= 09; are, the PITCHER from which Jesus poured water; the TOWEL ‑ represe= nted as hanging on a ring ‑ wherewith He wiped the Apostles' feet; the T= WO SWORDS which they showed Him, when He said, "It is enough;" the= EAR of Malchus; ST. PETER'S SWORD, represented as= a small falchion; the POST to w= hich the Saviour was bound; the SCOURGE; the CROWN= OF THORNS; the REED wherewith He was smitten on the head; the CROSS; the LAD= DER; the NAILS; the SPEAR of Longinus, crossed by = the REED with the SPONGE; the FIRE at which St. Peter warmed himself; the COC= K; the PINCERS, and a HEART pierced with five wounds.(1883m1)

$H Passus.

R. A pace, from the = point where the heel leaves the ground, to where the same heel is set down; five Roman feet. Mille passuum, or a thousand such paces, formed the Roman mile.(1883m1)

$H Pasta Verde.

It. Sap‑green;= a vegetable green pigment prepared from the berries of the buckthorn.(1883m= 1)

$H Paste. Pottery

(Pot.) A mixture of = various substances ground and blended from which porcelain is made. The term paste is also applied to glass, = coloured by rock crystal, so as to imitate gems. Fr= om this paste facsimiles of ancient engraved gems have been obtained both in ancient and modern times, and the copies are o= ften so accurate that they even deceive connoisseurs. From an artistic point of view they are often not a whit inferior to the originals from which they = are copied.(1891a1)

$H Pasteboard.

A material composed = of several sheets of paper pasted together and compressed, so as to form a close, compact body. It is used for several artistic purposes, such as drawing up and mounting prints or water‑colour= s.(1891a1)

$H Pastel. Painting

Pastel. The French n= ame for coloured crayons. Pastel‑painting was much us= ed for portraits in the beginning of the 19th century.(1883m1)=

Pastel. (Paint.) A p= rocess of drawing in colour, in which variously coloured crayons are used. The pastel is drawn upon= paper with a rough surface or upon a canvas covered with a kind of distemper. T= he colours are laid on with hard crayons, while the li= ghts, masses, and planes are indicated with soft crayons, which can be crushed = and with the finger or stump. Drawings in pastel are easily effaced. Their wh= ole surface may be destroyed with one stroke of the brush. They therefore sho= uld be set with a special fixative and be carefully shielded from air or damp, and even placed under glass, if it is desired to preserve them. The crayo= ns used in pastel drawing have a basis of pipeclay or gum arabic, according as the colours to be mixed are soft or dry. A box of pastels generally includes thirty crayons, hard, medium, and soft, giving for each col= our the gradation of tints from white to the natural tone.(1891a1)=

$H Pasticcio or Pastiche.

Pasticcio, It. An imitation of the style of a= nother painter in an independent design.(1883m1)

Pastiche, Pasticcio.= The imitation of a work of art, in which the reproduction either of the work = of a particular master is aimed at or of the details and characteristics of a school. Many modern pictures may best be described as pleasant pastiches of the ancient masters.(1891a1)

$H Pastophori.

Gr. and Egyp. (= B"FJ@‑N`D@4{=3Dpasto‑phoroi]). Priests who, at certain ceremonies, carried small shrines (<"ÎH[=3Dnaos]) containi= ng the image of a deity, which were hidden from the eyes of the crowd by a veil = of different colours called B"FJÎH[=3Dpastos], whence= B"FJÎ< NXD,4<[=3Dpaston pherein] (to carry the pastos), the term applied= to the priests who performed this duty. The keepers of the temple were also = so called.(1883m1)

$H Pastophoria.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

Chr. Small apses flanking the principal apse in a basilica, in which the consecrated bread was kept.(1883m1)

$H Pastophoroi.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Egypt

A class of Egyptian priests who carried the shrines of the divinities on their heads, or knelt with them on their kne= es, for the adoration of the faithful. (1876c1)

$H Pastoral.

The term pastoral is applied to pictures = in which conventional shepherds and shepherdesses play a part. The works of = Watteau and Boucher are among the most celebrated pastoral pictures.(1891a1)<= /o:p>

$H Pastoral Staff.

Pastoral Staff, Chr. The pedum of antiquity and emblem of a bishop's pastoral responsibility is distinct from the CROZIER (q.v.) of an archbishop, and = has a crook head. Fig. 520. Bishop's Pastoral Staff.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

Pastoral Staff. (Her= .) This term is applied to the staff which priors and abbots often employed as a crest to their shields. In earlier times it was surmounted with a cross&#= 8209;piece, so as to form a Tau; later on a globe was substituted for the cross‑piece. In processions the pastoral staff was carried behind the shield of the prior of the conv= ent. ILLUS. pastorst(1891a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Pastouraux.

Cubical stones, usua= lly of two colours, applied in the ornamentation of = Romano‑Byzantine architecture.(1883m1)

$H Pasupti. Egypt

An Egyptian deity, represented as a hawk, wearing two upright feathers, and having a pyramid before him. He was ano= ther form of Horus of the East. (1876c1)

$H Pat. Egypt

A species of Egyptian sceptre used by the chiefs and heads of families. (1876c1)

$H Patagium.

R. A band of purple,= or with gold ornaments or embroidery, which was placed round the neck and down the front of a woman's tunic (tunica = muliebris).(1883m1)

$H Pataikos. Egypt

The name given by the Greeks to the pigmy = god Pthah-Sokari-Osiris of Lower Egypt. (1876c1)

$H Patanut. Egypt

A city and nome in Lower Egypt, sacred to the goddess Buto. It was the Phthenotes of the Greeks. (1876c1)=

$H Patarbemis. Egypt

An Egyptian officer in the court of Uahprahet, king of Egypt, who sent him to quell an insurrection which had broken out among his soldiers, who had crowned Amasis king. He was unsuccessful in his attempt, an= d on returning to his master had his ears and nose cut off as being a traitor. This cruel treatment of his emissary caused the revolt against Uahprahet to become general, and Amasis ascended the throne. The fate of Patarbemis i= s not known. (1876c1)

$H Patee. Heraldry

Patee or Pattee. Her= . A small cross with the arms widening towards the ends.(1883m1)

$H Paten.

A vessel used in the services of the Catholic Church. It is on the paten that the host is laid before the communion. Considering the purpose which it serves, it is not surprising that the paten was in olden times frequently engraved or enamelled, and sometimes brilliant with jewels. Our= cut represents a paten, now in <= span class=3DSpellE>Cliffe Church, Kent. ILLUS. paten(1891= a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Pat-en-ankh-neb-ka-nofre. Egypt

An unidentified Egyptian royal name. (1876= c1)

$H Patenôtre. Architecture

(Arch.) A system of = ornament consisting of rows of chaplets or garlands made up of small round or oval seeds.(1891a1)

$H Patera.

An open shallow dish= or saucer, which was used by the Romans for holding liquids. The special pur= pose to which the patera was put was to contain th= e wine which was to be poured over the head of a victim in a sacrifice. In architecture the term patera is applied to an ornament which consists of a circular rosette, the outline of which sugge= sts the form of the ancient patera. 3 ILLUS. patera1, patera2, patera3(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &nbs= p; <= /o:p>

$H Patella. Diminutive of P= ATERA (q.v.). (1883m1)

$H Patena.

R. and Chr. A manger of wood, stone, or marble for holding food for horses; when it w= as divided into several compartments, these were called loculi. (See LOCULUS.) In Christian archaeology, patena was the term applied to a small plate of gold or silver, used in the celebration of mass to cover over the chalice, and to hold the pieces of = the host after it has been broken by the priest.(1883m1)

$H Patent Yellow. (See TURNER'S Y= ELLOW.) (1883m1)

$H Patera, dim. = Patella. &= nbsp;

(N4V80[=3Dphiale]). Flat = plates or dishes for holding fluids for domestic use, and wine for libations in the sacrifices. The common kinds were of red earthenware, ornamented with des= igns in black. Others were of bronze or silver, often richly decorated with chasing, &c. (Compare PATINA.) In Architecture, a great variety of fl= at ornaments used in all styles of architecture are improperly called paterae= , the word applying properly to circular ornaments resembling the classical dish often found on friezes of classical architecture. (Fig. 521, 522.) <= /o:p>

Fig. 521. Patera. Fig. 522. = Side view, showing the depth of the patera.= (1883m1)

&nbs= p; <= /o:p>

$H Paternosters.

Paternosters or Bead‑ornament. (1) A rosary. (2) Architectural ornaments in t= he form of berries or beads (Fig. 523), which decorate bands or other mouldings, and which often occur above ovolos. Fig. 523. Paternosters.(1883m1)

$H Pates. "Place or= Town of Flint" (Flint Weapons). Egypt

An early Egyptian town, site unknown. The = name is interesting archaeologically, as flint weapons were used up to a late period. (Chabas.) (1876c1)<= /p>

$H Patesi. "Viceroy."

The Assyrian name for the early governors = of Chaldea. (1876c1)

$H Pat-hor-sam-ta-tui.<= /span> Egypt

An Egyptian chief who unsuccessfully revol= ted against Piankhi-Meramen, by whom he was subdu= ed. (1876c1)

$H Pathrusim.

According to Hebrew tradition the name of = the people of Southern Egypt. They were ca= lled by the Egyptians Ptores. (1876c1)<= /span>

$H Patibulum.

R. An instrument of punishment in the form of a fork (furca), between the prongs of which the criminal's neck was placed. His hands were fastened to the prongs of the fork, and in this condition (p= atibulatus) he was flogged through the city. The name of patibulum, or crux patibulari= a, was also given to a cross to which criminals were nailed.(1883m1)

$H Patikanik.

The name of a canal from the river Zab to the city of Calah, which was dug by the orders of Assur-nazir-pal. (1876c1)

$H Patina. 1. A people; 2. Rust

A tribe in= habiting the Northern part of the river Orontes, in Syria. The people paid trib= ute to Assur-nazir-pal. (1876c1)

The rust of antiquit= y found on bronzes and coins; it cannot be removed by rubbing or wetting it. It varies with the nature of the soil, and in some cases the surface acquires the smoothness and colour of malachite.<= /o:p>

R. An earthenware vessel, used generally for cookery. It was deeper than the= patera,= but less deep than the olla.(1883= m1)

(1.) A green crust, = formed of carbonate of copper, or verdigris, which appears on the surface of bro= nzes exposed to the air. On ancient works in bronze we find a green blue patin= a or rust, which allows the masses of brown metal, as well as the brilliant sp= ots which reflect the light, to be seen through it. This patina is obtained artificially by the forgers of ancient works of art, by plunging metal objects in a bath of acetic acid, chloride of sodium, and hydrosulphate of ammonia. The term is applied in painting to the tone assumed by the varnish which covers a picture after several years' exposure to the light. Time gives to some pictures a pat= ina of an exquisitely delicate tone. By an extension of meaning, the soft, mellow appearance which works of art gain under the influence of various atmosph= eric conditions or under the influence of particles of dust is called patina. For instance, marble sta= tues or buildings may be covered with a patina, which gives them a harmonious appearance.

(2) A vessel, generally of earthenware, considerably deeper than the patera (q.v.). It was used by the Romans for a vari= ety of domestic purposes. ILLUS. patina1(1891a1)

$H Patnam. Hindu

In Hindu mythology one of the four sacred streams which form the Ganges. (1876c1= )

$H Patonce. Heraldry

Her. A variety of the heraldic cross.(1883m1)

$H Patriarchal. Heraldry

Her. A variety of the heraldic cross, with a short cross‑bar on the upper limb.(1883m1)

$H Patrick, Order of St. Christianity

Patrick, Order of St= ., indicated by the letters K.P., was instituted by George III. in 1783. The badge or jewel is of gold enamelled and oval in form, and is worn suspended from a collar formed of alternate roses and harps, or from a broad sky‑blue ribbon. Fig. 524. Badge of St. Patrick.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

$H Patte. Painting

Patte. (Paint.) In the slang of the French studio avoir la patte is to combine a ready skill of hand with spirit and energy. An artist is sai= d to have une= patte d= e diable, when he paints pictures with an astonis= hing cleverness, which is great enough to cover a thousand faults of drawing or composition.(1891a1)

$H Pattee (Her.) (See Patee)

$H Patten.

Fr. (1) A woman's clog. (2) Th= e base of a column.(1883m1)

$H Patubisti.

The Assyrian form of the Egyptian royal na= me Petubastes, which see. (1876c1)

$H Patulous. Spreading.(1883m1)

$H Patusarra.

A district in Media which was conquered by= Esarhaddon, and its two kings, Sidirparna and Eparna, brought captive to Nineveh. (1876c1)

$H Pa-uer. Egypt

A prince of Kush, in the reign of Rameses II. of the XIXth d= ynasty. (1876c1)

$H P-auf-neit. Egypt

A priest of Apis in the reign of Darius. (1876c1)

$H Paul, St. Christianity

St. Paul is frequently represented in art. His invariab= le attribute is the sword, and he appears as a man of short stature and bear= ded. Among the incidents in his career which have suggested subjects to painte= rs may be mentioned his persecution of St. Stephen, his conversion, and his martyrdom. His conversion has been treated by Raphael, Michael Angelo, and Rubens. St. Paul<= /st1:place> too, is often represented in conjunction with St. Peter.(1891a1)

$H Paul Veronese Green.=

An arsenite or arseniate of copper. A fine and durable colour, used eithe= r for oil or water‑colour painting. (See EMER= ALD GREEN.)(1883m1)

$H Paurumarka. <= span class=3DGramE>"The Destroyer."

In Zendic myth= ology the name of the evil deity Agramainyus in his attribute as a destructive agency. (1876c1)

$H Pausiris.

A petty vassal king of Egypt under Artaxer= xes, king of Persia. He succeeded Amyrtaios, who was driven into e= xile by the Persians after an unsuccessful revolt. (1876c1)<= /p>

$H Pavilion. Architecture

Arch. A projecting apartment, usually with a dome or turret.(1883m1)

(Arch.) A term appli= ed to small shelters of picturesque design, to little houses standing apart in gardens, or to large spaces covered and glazed, and symmetrical in form, which protect a square or market. ILLUS. pavilion(1891a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Pavimentum.

R. A pavement formed by means of pieces of tile, cru= shed stones, flints, and other materials set in a bed of ashes or cement, and consolidated by beating down with the rammer (pavicula), whence its name of pavimentum. There were various kinds of pavim= enta: the sectile (Figs. 525, 526),= the tessellatum or tesseris structum, the vermiculatum, the sculpturatum, and the testaceum, &c.

Fig. 525. Pavimentum (sectile). Fig. 526. Pavimentum (sectile).(1883m1)=

&nbs= p; &nbs= p;

--- $H Pavimentum Sectile.

(Arch.) A name given= by archaeologists to mosaic pavements, composed of fragments of coloured marbles of various shapes, but always arra= nged so as to form geometrical combinations.(1891a1)

--- $H Pavimentum Sculpturatum.<= /span>

A pavement covered w= ith designs, the outlines of which are obtained by engraving and by filling t= he hollows made by the graver with black mastic. This method of ornamenting floors was practised by the Romans, and carri= ed to perfection by the Italians. A fine specimen of the pavimentum sculpturatum is to be seen in th= e Duomo of Siena.(1891a1)

--- $H Pavimentum Tesselatum.

A mosaic floor compo= sed of uniform and regular cubes of variously coloured marble, arranged in geometrical patterns.(1891a1)

--- $H Pavimentum Vermiculatum.<= /span>

A mosaic flooring, i= n which subjects drawn from the natural world are represented by means of small pieces of coloured marble of different shapes= and sizes, so arranged as to follow the outline of the figures or ornaments represented.(1891a1)

$H Paving. Architecture

(Arch.) The covering= of the horizontal surface of the ground with slabs of stone or marble, squares of terra‑cotta, or cubes of wood laid in a bed of asphalte.(1891a1)

$H Pavo. (See PEACOCK.)<= /span> (1883m1)

$H Pavonaceum.

(sc. opus), R. An arrangement of materials placed so as to overlap one another, and bearing more or less resemblance to the feathers in a peacock's tail.(1883m1)

$H Pavonine. Coloured like a peacock's tail.(1883m1)

$H Paw. Heraldry

(Her.) The lower par= t of the leg of the lion or any other animal is called a paw. In the language of heraldry the word is confined to the = case when the limb is cut off below the middle joint, and if more of the leg t= han this is shown it is called a jambe (q.v.). ILLUS. paw= (1891a1)

<= /o:p>

$H Pawana. Hindu

In Hindu mythology the god of the winds. (1876c1)

$H Pax, Paxboard.

Pax, Paxboard, Chr. A representation o= f the Crucifixion upon a piece of wood or metal, with a handle at the back. It = was kissed by the priest in the mass at the words "= Pax Domini sit semp= er vobiscum," and afterwards passed rou= nd to be kissed by the congregation. It was also spelt Paxbrede. Also called OSCULATORIUM.(1883m1)

Pax. A plaque of metal, sometimes circular in form, sometimes square, which in the services of the Church was first kissed by= the officiating priest and then carried round for the worshippers to kiss. It= was damascened, engraved, or ornamented with nielli, and the subjects generally represented on the pax were the crucifixion, the head of Christ, or the L= amb. From the pax of Maso Finiguerra were struck the first line engravings kn= own to us. [Niello.] ILLUS. pax(1891a1)<= o:p>

<= /o:p>

$H Payne's Grey. Painting

(Paint.) A compound = colour of a lilac grey tint.(1891a1)

$H Payni. Egypt

The tenth month of the Egyptian sacred yea= r. It began about the 16th of April.(1876c1)

$H Pazitu. Chaldaea

A city of the Dunaite= s of Lower Chaldea. It was conquered by Tiglath Pileser II. (18= 76c1)