$H = Pel.

O.E. (Lat. palus). A post, six feet in height, set firmly in the g= round, to be hewn at with sword or mace for exercise. The weapons were double the ordinary weight, and the swordsman had to cover himself from imaginary bl= ows in return with a shield, called a fan, also of double weight. (See QUINTAIN.) (Consult Meyrick, vol. i. 145.) The pel was in= the same way set up as a mark to throw spears at, and for archery practice.(1883m1)

$H Pelasgic. Architecture

(Arch.) The term Pelasgic is applied to the earliest remains of architecture known in Greece, to which the name Cyclopean (q.v.) is also given.(1891a1)

$H Pelecinon.

Gr. A sun‑dial= so called because it ended in a "dove‑tail" (B,8,6Ã<@H[=3Dpelikinos]).(18= 83m1)

$H Pelican.

Pelican tearing open= her breast to feed her young with her own blood was an early symbol of the Redemption and of the virtue of Charity. As a device it was borne by Will= iam of Orange, with the appropriate motto "Pro lege, grege et rege" (for the law, the people, and the king); a slight modification of that of Alphonso the Wise. (Fig. 531.) It is described in Heraldry as "a pelican in its piety." Fig. 531. A Pelican in its piety.(1883m1)

$H Pelice. Pottery

(Pot.) A form of Gre= ek vase, more tapering than the amphora, which it resembles in other respects. It = has two handles connecting the neck with the body of the vase. ILLUS. pelice(1891a1)

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$H Pelisse. (from pellis, a skin). A robe made of fur.(1883m1)

$H Pelkha. Egypt

A royal lady, the sister or mother of King= Nastosenen of the XXVth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Pellet, Her. A black ROUNDLE= . (1883m1)

$H Pellicatus.

R. (pellis, a skin). Literall= y, covered with skin. The term w= as specially applied to earthenware vessels which were covered over with ski= n in order to keep the provisions they held fresh.(1883m1)

$H = Pellitus. R. (pellis, skin). Clothed by means of skins; dressed in furs.(1883m1)

$H Pelluvia, Pelluvium.

R. (pes, a foot, and luo, to= wash). A basin in which the feet were washed, in contradistinction to the vessel called mallu= vium.(1883m1)

$H Pelta.

Pelta, Gr. (BX8J0[=3Dpelte]). A smal= l shield made of some light material, such as wood or wickerwork, and covered with leather. In shape it was sometimes elliptical, but more often cut away at= the top, so that at that part it resembled a crescent. (Compare CLIPEUS.)(188= 3m1)

Pelta. A light shield of wicker or wood, covered with leather, but never strengthened with metal. It was either round or semicircular, in which latter case it was termed lunata. It was carried by Asiatics, and Amazons are frequently represented peltatae, = or bearing the = pelta. ILLUS. pelta(1891a1)

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$H Pelusium. Egypt

A great Egyptian city on the Pelusiac branch of the Nile<= /st1:place>. (1876c1)

$H Pelvis.

R. A general term us= ed in ancient times to denote any kind of circular‑shaped vessel. The term corresponded to the Greek B,8\6"[=3Dpelika].(1883m1= )

$H Peme. Egypt

An Egyptian city in the Memphite nome of the Heptanomos. (1876c1)

$H Pe-meht-khonsu. Egypt

A son of Her-hor-si-a= mun of the XXIst dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Pen. Egypt

See REED.(1902b1)

$H Pen-amen. Egypt

The father of an Egyptian officer named Pnaaku, which see. (1876c1)

A high-priest of Amen, whose coffin is in = the British Museum. (1876c1)

An early Egyptian astronomer, some observations by whom have been preserved. (187= 6c1)

An Egyptian priest, the door-keeper of the= temple of Ra. His sarcophagus and mummy ar= e in the British Museum. (1876c1)

$H Pen and Ink Drawing.

The universal adopti= on of the various processes of engraving has done much to encourage pen and ink drawing, simple drawings in black and white being easily reproduced. Steel pens, the fineness of which varies with the kind of drawing which is to be executed, have now generally replaced the old‑fashioned quill. Some artists use reeds sharpened to a point, goosequills<= /span>, or even hair brushes charged with ink, to add a few vigorous touches to p= en and ink drawings.(1891a1)

$H Penates.

Penates (penus, food). Household gods who were believed by the ancients to be the bestowers of all the world= ly blessings enjoyed by a family.(1883m1)

Penates. The household gods of the Romans were called = Penates. With the Lares= (q.v.) they resembled the patron saints of Catholic times. They were kept in the= lararium, and sacrifices were offered in their honour. They= are represented in art sometimes as old man fully draped, sometimes as youths holding a patera and a horn of plenty.(1891a1= )

$H Pen-ba-kak-amen. Egypt

An officer of state who conspired with his chief Penhuiban against = Rameses III., for which he was executed. (1876c1)

$H Pencil.

A collection of rays= of light converging to a point is so called.(1883m1)

A pencil consists of= a thin strip of graphite or plumbago inserted in a cylinder of cedar‑wood. The best are manufactured from Cumberland lead. They are used by art= ists for making rapid sketches upon paper. The term pencil is sometimes applie= d to the small hair‑brushes, set in metal ferrules, which are used by wa= ter colourists.(1891a1)

$H Pendant.

Penda= nt. In Heraldry, drooping.(1883m1)

Pendants, Arch. Orna= ments hanging down from the ceilings and roofs of Gothic architecture. Generall= y, a pair of pictures or statues appropriate to each other are called pendant each of the other.(1883m= 1)

Pendant. In Gothic architecture the term pendant is applied to a boss or other ornament which hangs downwards from a ceiling = or roof. Pendants are most frequently found at the intersection of vaults. In another sense a picture or piece of sculpture may be said to be a pendant= to another, when it is similar in size and subject and designed to fill a si= milar space. ILLUS. pendant(18= 91a1)

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$H Pendant Key‑stone. A synonym of PE= NDENTIVE (See this word and FURCA.) (1883m1)

$H Pendant, Post.

In Gothic architectu= re a pendant post is a post set against the wall, its upper end being connected with the tie‑beam while a corbel or capital supports its under side.(1891a1)

$H Pendentives.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Architecture

Arch. In a spherical= roof intersected with groined compartments, the term pendentives was applied to the surfaces included between such c= ompartments. The same term is applied to the surfaces included in the angles formed by= a groined vaulting at its spring.(1883m1)

$H Pen-en-aau. Egypt

An Egyptian gentleman whose statue is in t= he Leyden= Museum. (1876c1)<= o:p>

$H Pen-eoou. Egypt

An Egyptian scribe whose monument is in th= e Leyden= Museum. Period uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Penetrale, R.= An inner apartm= ent. (Cf. ADYTUM.) (1883m1)

$H Pen-haka-haka-har. Egypt

The name of a mystical cow, who is adored in the last chapter, the CLXIIIrd, = of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)

$H Pen-huiban. Egypt

A great officer of the court of Rameses III. who, led by= the women of the Harem, instigated a conspiracy against that king, for which = he and his colleagues were executed, and their less guilty accomplices mutilated. (1876c1)

$H Penicillum, Penicillus.

R. (penis, a tail). (Gr. ßB@(D"N\H.[=3Dhupographis]) A painter's pencil or brush. The brushes of the ancients were made either w= ith hair or a kind of seaweed or sponge.(1883m1)

$H Peniculus. Synonym of PENI= CILLUM. (1883m1)

$H Pen-ina-fu-aa. Egypt

An unidentified Egyptian district or city, situated probably near Memph= is. (1876c1)

$H Penna.

Penna, R. A quill, a large and strong feather, in contradistinction to pluma, which denotes the small feathers spread over a bird's body; and thence a writing‑pen, which was used instead of the arundo or calamus.(1883m1)

Penna, Med. During the Middle Ages this term was use= d to denote the battlements of a castle wall, and thence the castle itself.(1883m1)

$H Pen-nekheb. Egypt

The surname of Aahmes= , the general of Amenhotep<= /st2:Sn> I. and Thothmes I.= and II. of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Pennon. Heraldry

Pennon, Her. An armo= rial lance‑flag, pointed or swallow‑tailed at the fly, borne by knights. =

Fig. 532. Pennon.= (1883m1)

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Pennon. A small narr= ow flag either in the shape of a tapering triangle or of a swallow's tail. In the Middle Ages it was usually fastened to the end of a lance, and if arms we= re blazoned on it they were so depicted as to be upright, when the lance was carried horizontally. ILLUS. pennon(1891a1)

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$H Pen-nu. Egypt

The prince of Kush in the reign of Rameses VI. of the XXth dy= nasty. (1876c1)

$H Pen-nub. Egypt

An early Egyptian astronomer, some observations by whom are preserved. (1876c1)

$H Pen-piei. Egypt

A priest of the temple of Amen Ra at Thebes, in the reign of Amenhotep I. of the = XVIIIth dynasty. His father was named Sa-amen. (1876c1)

$H Pen-ses-khemet. Egypt

The father of Asch-se= p-sen, which see. (1876c1)

$H Pentachord.

Any musical instrume= nt having five strings; a system of five sounds.(1883m1)

$H Pentacle.

Pentacle (It. pentacolo). A talisman; a figure formed of two triangles, intersecting so as to form a = six‑pointed star. A frequent object in early ornamental art.(1883m1)

Pentacle. A mystical figure consisting of two triangles, the one superposed on the other as in our cu= t. ILLUS. pentacle(1891a1)

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$H Pentadecagon.=

A geometrical figure= which has fifteen sides, and therefore fifteen angles.(1891a1)

$H Pentagon.

A figure of five sides and five angles.(1883m1)

A polygon with fifte= en sides and fifteen angles.(1891a1)

$H Pentagraph.

A mechanism contrive= d to facilitate the copying of drawings on a different scale, invented by Christopher Scheiner, a = Suabian Jesuit, in the 16th century.(1883m1)

$H Pentahedron.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> A solid figure having five equal si= des.(1883m1)

$H Pentalpha.

The pentacle was so = called.

"A star of five= points, composed of five A's interlaced, was formerly made by physicians the symb= ol of health, under the name of Pentalpha."= (Menestrier.)(1883m1)

$H Pentaptych.

Pentaptych. An altar painting of five or more leaves= . (See DIPTYCH.)(1883m1)

Pentaptych. A painted or sculptured panel, which consists= of five leaves folded one over the other. Some au= thors give the name of pentaptych to a triptych, wh= en the two leaves which fold over the centre leaf are each formed of two panels.(1891a1)

$H Pentaschoenum. Egypt

In the Greek period an Egyptian city situa= ted on the Arabian frontier between Pelusium and = Palestine. (1876= c1)

$H Pentaspastos.=

Gr. (B"<JV‑FB"FJ@H[=3Dpanta‑spastos]). A kind of pulley, the block of = which contains a system of five pulleys (orbiculi). This engine was employed to lift great weights.(1883m1)

$H Pentastyle. Arch. A = portico of five columns.(1883m1)

$H Pentathlon.

Pentathlon, Gr. Gree= k games similar to the QUINQUERTIUM (q.v.) of the Romans, frequently represented = on ancient vases.(1883m1)

Pentathlon. The pentathlon was the most highly esteemed of all the athletic contests of the Greeks. As its name implies,= it consisted of five "events" ‑ running, jumping, discus and spear throwing, and wrestling. Whether the prize was given to the man who= won the "odd event," or was reserved for the victor in them all, is= a matter of doubt. The competitors in the pentathlon are frequently represe= nted on painted vases.(1891a1)

$H Pentaur. Egypt

Pentaur. A scribe who has become celebrated as the writer of the great epic poem of Egypt= . But he was probably not the author, as was for long supposed, but only the transcriber of the papyrus copy. (See POEM OF PENTAUR.)(1902b1)

Pent-aur. An Egyptian poet attached to the court of Rameses II., whose wars and exploits, especially those against the Khitae, he related in a long and beautiful poem, many copies of which, more or le= ss complete, exist on the temple inscriptions and Egyptian papyri. (1876c1)<= /span>

Pent-aur. One = of the officers of the court of Rameses III., who wi= th Penhuiban and others conspired against his sovereig= n. He was a member of the royal family, but in what relationship is not known. = (1876c1)

Pent-aur. A commander of the mercenaries. He together with other chiefs revolted agai= nst Piankhi-Meramen of the XXIInd<= /span> dynasty, by whom he was reduced to obedience. (1876c1)<= /p>

$H Pent-bek-hen.= Egypt

A commander of the mercenaries, and a prop= het of the god Horus. He, together with other chi= efs, revolted unsuccessfully against Piankhi-Meramen. (1876c1)

$H Pent-ehi. Egypt

The father of Zet-isi= -auf-ankh, a priest of Apis. (1876c1)<= /p>

$H Pentelic Marble.

Pentelic Marble from a mountain of that name near Athens, of whic= h the Parthenon and other temples are built, has a beautiful warm yellowish tone, comparable to ivory. All the Athenian statues are of this marble.(1883m1)

$H Penteloris. (See PARAGAUDA.= ) (1883m1)

$H Pent-eni. Egypt

A priest of the deity Anhur at Abyd= os. His father's name was Tatai, and that of his = mother Apu. (1876c1)

$H Penthouse. Architecture

(Arch.) A shed or ro= of with a single slope fixed to the wall of a building by its upper edge. The term pent‑roof is applied to any roof arranged on this plan. ILLUS. penthous(1891a1)

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$H Pent‑roof. Architecture

Arch. A roof sloping= only from one side; hence a pent‑= ;house for a house or shed covered by such a roof.(1883m1)

$H Pent-uau. Egypt

A principal officer in the court of a king= of the XVIIIth dynasty. He was the son of Teti, who filled the same office before him. (1876c= 1)

$H Pe-nub.= "City of Gold." Egypt

An Egyptian city near Sais, now= called by the Arabs Badnub. (1876c1)

$H Penula. (See PAENULA.)<= /span> (1883m1)

$H Penumbra.

Penumbra (Lat. pene, a= lmost, and umbra, shade). The part o= f a picture where the light and shade blend together.(1883m1)

Penumbra. The penumb= ra is that part of a shade in which there is a spot of light due to divergent rays. At the point at which the light blends with the shade the lines become less hard and less dry. ILLUS. penumbra(1891a1)

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$H Pen-ures-nes.<= /span> Egypt

The mother of an Egyptian prince named Namurot, but in what reign it is not known. (1876c1= )