$H Puaima.

The Assyrian form of the Egyptian royal na= me Puma, which see. (1876c1)

$H Pudil. Assyria

Pudil. An early king = of Assyria, who flourished about B.C. 1350. He was t= he father of Vulnirari I. (1876c1)

Budil. Or Pudil. An early king of Assyria.= He was the father of Vulnirari I. and was a great conqueror. He built the first royal p= alace of Assyria. (1876= c1)

$H Puer. Egypt

A prince of Kush during the reign of Atef-nuter-ai of the XVIIIth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Pueri. Egypt

A royal scribe in the time of the XVIIIth dynasty. He had a son named Pthah-meri. (1876c1)

$H Puggaree. Hindu

Hind. A piece of mus= lin worn as a turban.(1883m1)

$H Pugillares.

R. Writing‑tab= lets small enough to be held in the hand (pugillus), whence their name.(1883m1)

$H Pugio.

R. (Gr. :VP"4D"[=3Dmachaira]). A s= hort dagger, without a sheath, worn by officers of high rank.(1883m1)

$H Puja. Hindu

In Hindu mythology any act of ceremonial worship having various names according to the deities adored; as, Durga-puja, Linga-puja. (1876c1)

$H Pukhuniniapi.= Egypt

The king of Khatkhiri= bi, the Athribis of the Greeks. He was one of the= first petty kings of Egy= pt under the Assyrian Icosarchy. (1876c1)

$H Pulaha. Hindu

Pulaha. Or Palaha. A Hindu deity who was invested by Brahma with the power of creation. See Angiras.(1876c1)

$H Pulpit.

A tribune with a sea= t, raised at a considerable height above the ground, fr= om which sermons were delivered. In Italian churches many pulpits are to be = seen of marble or bronze, supported by colonnettes= . In mediaeval churches the pulpits were nearly always of wood and perfectly simple in construction. In the 15th century pulpits were set against the pillars of the church or against the wall, and were fixed. At a little la= ter period they were surmounted by sounding boards in the form of a canopy or tapering pyramid. In the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries pulpits were desig= ned in accordance with the architectural style of each epoch and some were marvels of allegorical and theatrical fancy. Belgian pulpits particularly exhibit a quaintness of execution and design. The pulpits of the present = day are generally nothing but an ingenious pastiche on the productions of for= mer times. Our cut represents the pulpit of carved wood in the church at Wenden, in Essex= . ILLUS. pulpit(1891a1)

$H Pulpitum.

R. The tribune of an= orator, or the chair of a professor. In a theatre the term was used to denote the= part of the stage next to the orchestr= a. (See PROSCENIUM.)(1883m1)

$H Pultiphagi. <= span class=3DGramE>"Eaters of Pulse."

An epithet applied by the Classical writer= s to the Phenicians from their consumption of pease. (1876c1)

$H Pulusata. Egypt

The name by which the Pelasgians were known to the Egyptians in the time of Rameses III. (1876c1)

$H Pulvinar.

R. (pulvinus, a cushion). A c= ushion or bolster, and thence a state couch or a marriage‑bed.(1883m1)

$H Pulvinarium.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

R. (1) A room in a t= emple, in which was set out the pulvinar or couch for the gods at the feast of the LECTISTERNIUM. (2) See OPUS PULVINARIUM.(1883m1)

$H Pulvinatus.

R. Having a contour similar to that of a cushion or bolster, and thence the cylinder formed by the swelling of the volute at = the side of the Ionic capital. (Fig. 565.) Fig. 565. Pulvinatus.(1883= m1)

<= /o:p>

$H Puma. Egypt

The king of Bendidi, the Mendes of the Greeks. He was one of the first of the twenty petty kin= gs of Egypt under the Assyrian Icosarchy. (1876c1)

$H Pümeliun. Tyre

A king of Tyre, the= son and successor of Mathan. He was declared by his father's will co-monarch with his sister Elissa; but the people, desirous of changing the form of government, raised a democratic opposition and declared Pümeliun the sovereign. On this Elissa married Zicharbaal, the high-priest of Melkarth, but he was assassinated by the king, whereupon she, with 300 of the nobil= ity, revolted, and being unsuccessful, quitted Tyre. Pümeliun after that reigned forty years, and h= ad to pay tribute to Binlikkish or Vul-nirari, king of Assyria, who had conquered all= Phenicia. He reigned forty-seven years in all, and = was the Pygmalion of Classic history and mythology. (1876c1)

$H Pumice‑stone.

A kind of lava of le= ss specific gravity than water. The dome of the mosque of St. Sophia at Constantinople is built of pumice‑stone.(18= 83m1)

$H Punch. Engraving

(Engrav.) A steel instrument called a punch, which generally has two large blunt po= ints, is used in crayon engraving to add masses of black when the work has alre= ady been bitten. The punch is held perpendicular to the plate and subjected t= o a series of sharp taps, being moved a little at each tap. A hollow of considerable width and depth is thus obtained, which is represented in printing by a mass of intense black. Many plates were executed by this me= thod in the last century and were printed in red. In die‑engraving a pun= ch is a steel instrument upon which a figure is engraved, and from which imprints may be obtained by striking the punch at the end the farthest removed from the figure. Engravers often keep a collection of punches, up= on which the commonest charges in heraldry are engraved. The term punch is a= lso applied to the imprint of an initial, device, sign, or symbol placed upon goldsmith's work, or on gold and silver ornaments. In the present day the application of these symbols to gold and silver plate is under the perman= ent control of the State and is regulated by especial laws. 3 ILLUS. punch1, punch2, punch3(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp;

$H Punchau. (See INTI.) (1883m1)

$H Puncheon. Architecture

(Arch.) A = piece of wood which serves as a vertical support.(1891a1)

$H Punching Compass.

A compass, the branc= hes of which curve inwards, the one being armed with a blunt point, the other wi= th a sharp. It is used to mark exactly where a copper plate which has been pla= ned down is to be beaten out. ILLUS. punching(1891a1)

$H Punctum.

R. A vote or suffrag= e, because in early times each citizen, instead of laying down a tessera= or tablet with his vote, passed in front of the rogator, or voting office= r who had the list of candidates before him, and pricked a hole (punctum= ) in the tablet against the name of the candidate for whom the vote was given.(188= 3m1)

$H Punkahs. India

Swinging fans suspen= ded from the ceilings of houses in India, often richly embroidered and decorated with feathers, brilliant insects, = gold and silver, &c.(1883m1)

$H Punnu.

A prince royal of <= st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Ethiopia, who presented off= erings to Rameses VI. of = the XXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Punt. Egypt

Pount. The Egyptian n= ame for Arabia Barbarica, which was first invaded= and conquered by Hatasu, the great queen of the <= span class=3DSpellE>XVIIIth dynasty. It was supposed to be under the sp= ecial care of Hathor, the goddess of beauty. (1876c= 1)

Punt, called also Ta-neter, the "land of God." This region is identified by Maspero, Mariette, and = Brugsch, as that part of the African coast which ex= tends from the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb to Cape Gardafui. It was a co= untry rich in balsam and incense-bearing trees, in precious woods, lapis lazuli, ivory and amber. To this "blessed land", Queen Hatshepsut sent an expedition, building and equipping a fleet of five large vessels = for the purpose. On their arrival they were received in the most friendly way by Parihu, Prince of Punt= , his wife Ati, and their daughter and two sons. Af= ter an interchange of gifts, the fleet returned to Egypt, laden with odorifero= us sycomore trees - identified by Mariette with the "myrrh tree" of Pliny - ivory, skins, logs of ebony, a= pes, gold dust, gold and metal rings, and heaps of the precious gum. The whole story of this expedition is vividly depicted upon the walls of the great = temple of Dêr el Bahri.(1902b1)

$H Puntilla.

Sp. A narrow point&#= 8209;lace edging.(1883m1)

$H Pupa.

R. A doll; a child's plaything. Dolls of terra‑cotta have been found in various countrie= s. In Egypt dolls have been found, made out of wood, painted, and in perfect proporti= on, with glass beads on the head in imitation of hair. As a rule, the ancient dolls are made with movable joints.(1883m1)

$H Pupil.

An artist who adopts= the traditions and produces works in the style of a painter or sculptor is sa= id to be a pupil of such a master. Thus we speak of a pupil of Raphael or of Rubens.(1891a1)

$H Puppis.

R. The poop or after= ‑part of a vessel as opposed to the prora or prow. (See PRORA.)(1883m1)<= /p>

$H Puqudu.

A people of Mesopot= amia who were conquered by Tiglath Pileser II. (1876c1)

$H Pur. "Fire." Phoenicia

In Phenician mythology the son of Genus, and one of the discoverers of the art of creating fire. (1876c1)

$H Puranas. Hindu

In Hindu mythology the name of a series of poetical histories of the principal divinities, of which the Vishnu Purana, concerning the birth and actions of the dei= ty Krishna, is best known. The treatises are of late authorship. (1876c1)

$H Purbeck‑stone.=

A rough grey sandsto= ne from Dorsetshire, largely used for building purposes in London.(1883m1)

$H Purikh. Etruria

A subordinate Etruscan goddess, who was represented as wearing a Phrygian cap. (1876c1= )

$H Purim.

Purim (Festivals of)= , Heb. Jewish festivals called Festivals= of the Lots, instituted in memory of Esther, who had averted the peril w= ith which Haman threatened the Jews; they were so called because the favourite of Ahasuerus was to have decimated the Jews by casting lots to see who should be put to death.(1883m1)

$H Purity.

A term which denotes correctness and precision of drawing. For instance we speak of the purity= of outline in the figures of Raphael or in the Source of Ingres.(1891a1)

$H Purlin. Architecture

(Arch.) A piece of w= ood placed horizontally and forming part of a roof, its purpose being to supp= ort the rafters.(1891a1)

$H Purple.

Purple. A secondary = colour obtained from the mixture of the two primary= colours red and blue.(1891a1)

Purple is red gradua= ted with blue, the red predominating; red with black makes purple‑black. Pur= ple pigments are madder purple, violet mars, burnt carmine (for water‑colours).(1883m1)

Purple, Gen. An insi= gnia of authority pertaining to certain magistrates who wore purple robes or band= s of purple on their attire. There were two kinds of purple, the amethyst and = the Tyrian; the former was a deep violet, and obtained = from a shell‑fish (murex trunculus); the Tyrian was more brilliant and had a redder tinge; it was obtained from the murex brandaris= .(1883m1)

--- $H Purple Lakes.

Purple Lakes and Green Lakes are made by mixing yellow lak= es with blue pigments. (Se= e YELLOW LAKE.)(1883m1)

--- $H Pu= rple Madder. (See MADDER.) (1883m1)

$H Purple‑wood.

A beautiful deepR= 09;coloured Brazilian wood, used for marquetry and inlaid‑work, but principally for the ramrods of guns.(1883m1)

$H Purpure. Heraldry

Purpure, Her. Purple.(1883m1)

Purpure. (Her.) The heraldic colour purple shown on a = shield by diagonal lines from sinister to dexter.(18= 91a1)

$H Purree.

Purree. (Paint.) A name given to the pigment more gen= erally known as Indian yellow (q.v.).(1891a1)

Purree, Hind. A bright golden‑yellow pigment pr= epared from camel's dung. (See INDIAN YELLOW.)(1883m1)

$H Pursuivants.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

The lowest order of = officers in Herald's College; of whom there are four, called respectively Rouge Cr= oix, Rouge Dragon, Blue Mantle, and Portcullis. In the Middle Ages these offic= ers were attached to the households of the nobility, and bore titles generally taken from the armorial insignia of their lords.(1883m1)

$H Puruluz.

A district near the Upper Euphrates which = was usurped by the Hittites till they were defeated by Tiglath Pileser I. (1876c1)

$H Purusata.

The Egyptian name of the land of Philistia. (1876c1)

$H Purusha.

Purusha. "The Supr= eme Spirit." The Vedic titl= e of the Supreme Being as the spirit of life. (1876c1)

$H Puteal.

R. A place struck by lightning, and thus rendered sacred; in order to keep it from the tread of profane feet, it was surrounded by a low wall similar to that which prote= cted a well (pute= us); whence the name of puteal.(1883m1)

$H Puteus.

R. (1) A well fed by a spring or an underground stre= am of water; (2) an opening or manhole of an aqueduct (Fig. 566); (3) a pit for preserving grain. Fig. 5= 66. Puteus. Manhole of an Aqueduct.(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

$H Puticuli, Puticulae.

R. Common pits in wh= ich the bodies of those slaves and paupers were buried, who had not the means to = pay for a funeral pyre or a private tomb.(1883m1)

$H Put in.

In a painting or dra= wing, when a figure is set upon the canvas or paper with a few strokes so as to vividly suggest its movement and attitude, it is said to be well put in.(1891a1)

$H Puttock. O.E. A base kind of hawk. (Shakspeare.)(1883m1)

$H Puzzolana.

A reddish earth whic= h is mixed with lime to form a cement used by builders.(1891a1)

$H Puzus.

The king of Aphrodisi= a in the Island of Kypros. He was one of the tributaries of Esarhaddon. (1876c1)

$H Pyanepsia.

Gr. (B= L"= <X= R4= "[=3Dpuanepsia]). Ancient "Beanfeasts." Athenian fest= ivals in honour of Apollo, instituted by Theseus after his victory over the Minotaur; they w= ere so called because beans were cooked for the banquet in = honour of the god (= Bb= "<= @H[=3Dpuanos], a bean, and ª= R,= 4<[=3Dhepsein], to cook).(1883m1)

$H Pyat. O.E. A m= agpie.(1883m1)

$H Pycnostyle.

(Arch.) An ancient t= emple was said to be pycnostyle when its intercolumniation measures one and a half times the diameter of the shaft= of the column at the base.(1891a1)

$H Pygmalion.

The Greek form of the Tyrian royal name Pümeliun, which see. (1876c1)=

$H Pykers.

O.E. A kind of fishing‑boats.(1883m1)

$H = Pylon.

pylon: tall sloping walls flanking a temple gateway. (1894e1)

Pylon, Egyp. (BL8f<[=3Dpulon]). A monu= mental gate composed of two lofty and massive pyramidal towers, forming the entr= ance to the enclosure of the great Egyptian temples. The interior of a pylon contained staircases and chambers. A splendid example in full preservatio= n is that of the temple at Esneh on the Nile.(1883= m1)

Pylon. In Egyptian a= rchitecture a pylon is a mass of masonry = in the form of a truncated pyramid with a door in the middle, terminated in a platform as is shown in the cut. Sometimes poles with waving banneroles were set were against the pylon. The pyl= ons at Thebes were approached by an avenue of sphinxes and obelisks. ILLUS. pylon(1891a1)

The colossal gateway forming the façade of a temple. It consisted of a large, ordinary entrance, with enormous masses of masonry on either side, having sloping faces and an overhanging cornice. Sometimes these two mass= ive towers contained small chambers, sometimes only a staircase. On the face = of each were four vertical grooves, in which were held great wooden masts, bearing floating streamers of different colours. Inscriptions and sculptu= red pictures covered the sloping fronts (see PENTAUR), and statues or obelisks were placed before them. The statues, of which there were four or six, were sometimes of enormous dimensions. They represented the royal founder of the temple.(1902b1)

$H Pyra.

Gr. and R. (<= span style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f= ont-family: "WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>BLD[=3Dpura], lit. the= burning‑place). A funeral pile before it was set on fire, in contradistinction to rogus, a funeral pile which has been lighted. It was built in the form of an altar with four equal sides, which were frequently covered with foliage of dark leaves; and cypress‑trees were placed in front of the pile. The cor= pse was placed on the top, in the bier (lectica) on which it had been borne to the place. (See FUNERAL CEREMONIES.)(1883m1)

$H Pyraeum.

Pers. (BLD,Ã@<[=3Dpureion]). A pl= ace in which the Persians kept the sacred fire (puros, fire). At Bactria<= /span> there were seven pyraea, in honour of the seven planets.(1883m1)

$H Pyramid. <= /h1>

pyramid: tomb with stepped or sloping sides on a square base. (1894e1)

Pyramid. A solid fig= ure with a triangular or polygonal base, the lateral faces of which meet in a poin= t at the summit. Under this name are generally designated the three Egyptian monuments of the IVth dynasty, the loftiest of which, the pyramid of Cheops, is 146 metres high, and is built upon a square base. It co= nsists of a solid block of calcareous stone faced with solid flags, accurately s= et in their places. 2 ILLUS. pyramid1, pyramid2(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp;

Pyramid (Egyptian, Pi‑rama, a mountain). In the hieroglyphics called Abumer, "a great tomb," which it essentially is, or rather a great cairn over the cave tomb excavated in the live rock immediately under its apex. This sepulchral chamber having been connected with the upper world by a p= assage sloping downwards from the north, the graduated structure was regularly b= uilt over it, the proportions of the base to the sides being constantly preser= ved, and the whole forming always a perfect pyramid; so that the building coul= d be continued during the whole lifetime of its destined tenant, and covered a= nd closed in immediately upon his death. It is on record that from Seneferoo, the first king whose name has been found upon monuments, to the last of t= he Sixth Dynasty, i.e. during the whole period of the Ancient Empire, every = king of Egypt built a pyramid. (Consult Vyse, Pyramids of Gezeh.)(1883m1)

There are remains of at least seventy more or less ruined pyramids on the long plateau, extending from Abu Roash in the nort= h to Medûm in the south. These divide themselves i= nto groups, viz., Abu Roash, Gîzeh, Abusîr, Sakkâ= ;ra, Dahshur, Lisht, a= nd the Fayûm group, that of Med= ûm standing alone. But of all these less than twenty have been identified as tombs of different kings. Many theories have been advanced as to their ag= e, purpose, method of construction, etc., and much excavation and measuring = have proved that they were built between the period of the Ist and XIIth Dynasties, solely as tombs for the preservation of royal mummies. The method of construction has been a puzz= le to the engineering mind since classic times. Herodotus and Diodorus both record what had been told to them on = the point, but neither theory is conclusive. It has been recently proved that= it would be quite possible with the unlimited manual labour at the command of the Pharaohs to construct a pyramid without any complex or elaborate machinery.* The finer examples are built of nummulit= ic limestone from the quarries of Turah and Masarah on the other side of the river. Others, as = some at Dahshur, were built of mud brick, only the pa= ssages and chambers inside being of limestone. In some cases only the accidental discovery of such chambers has led to the knowledge that the mound of detritus above was once a pyramid. The great pyramid at Gîzeh in its original state presented four smooth surfaces to the beholder, as = it was entirely faced with granite and limestone blocks most beautifully joi= ned. But the whole of this outer casing has disappeared, the place having for centuries served as a quarry. The passages inside were arranged with an intricacy designed to foil the efforts of plunderers. In spite of the gre= at care thus taken to conceal the mummy, the pyramid was opened many times, = by Persians, Romans, and Arabs, and when investigated in more modern times nothing remained in the chambers but a lidless sarcophagus without inscription. In some of the chambers above the name of Khufu was discovered, conclusively proving that this was the tomb of the second king of the IVth Dynasty. Of the two other py= ramids that form the Gîzeh groups, the larger = is that of Khafra or Khephr= en, the other, that of Men-kau-Ra or Mycerinus. The pyramids at Abu= sîr are the tombs of Sahu-Ra, Ra-en-user and othe= r Vth Dynasty kings. At Sakk&aci= rc;ra are the tombs of Unas, T= eta, Pepi I., Mer-en-Ra, Pepi I= I.; at Lisht, that of Usertsen I.= ; at Medûm that of S= neferu; in the Fayûm, those of Usertsen II. and Amen-em-ha= t III. of the XIIth Dynasty. Th= ere are also pyramids at Thebes, el Qullah, near Napata in Ethiopia, and at Meroë.

*See "Mechanical Triumphs of the Ancient Egyptians." Commander Barbe= r, U.S.N.(1902b1)

--- $H Pyramid, The Great. Egypt

Pyramid, The Great. In Egyptian, Mer, or Ab-mer. The name applied to the huge sepulchral monument of King Cheops, or Khufo, of the IV= th dynasty. It is situated on an artificially levelled plateau of limestone = rock to the West of the city of Memphis, in L= ower Egypt, and almost at the apex of the triangle formed by the Delta of the = Nile, at a place now known by the name of Geezeh,= or Ghizeh. It is surrounded by a number of smaller pyramids and tombs, apparently belonging to the families of the nobles of the court of the king by whose order it was erected. It is externally constructed of Nummulitic limeston= e, but the interior works, the corridors, and the chambers, are lined with granite. It contains several vaults and air-passages, and a large funereal chamber, which was once protected by a stone portcullis. In this chamber = the body of the founder was interred in a massive sarcophagus, now much mutilated, and about which many unsupported theories have been advanced. There are no inscriptions or decorations used in any part of the massive structure; but on recently opening one of the upper chambers the name of Khufu was found rudely painted upon one of the walls in red ochre, thus confirming the concurrent statements of Greek and Egyptian tradition as to the date of its erection. The external slope of the outer angles is about 51° 50', and the area covered by its base is one-seventh larger than = the entire width of Lincoln's Inn Fields, when measured from the walls of the houses. (Bonomi.) The corner-stones are polished and fitted with singular accuracy, but there i= s no such exact parallelism as to the lines of the bases or the length of their sides. "The total structure is formed of more than 200 steps, or lay= ers of enormous blocks. When entire, it was 480 feet high, nearly double the elevation of the towers of the cathedral of Notre Dame, at Paris; its base measured 756 feet (French), and it was composed of the truly astonishing = mass of more than 10,000,000 of cubic yards of stone, material sufficient to b= uild a wall six feet high, a foot thick, and nearly 3000 miles long. To relieve the enormous weight that the chamber intended for the royal sarcophagus h= ad to support, open spaces have been left in the mass of the monument above = it, forming five small chambers. A second sepulchral chamber is situated almo= st exactly below the first, and a third at a great depth below, excavated in= the rock, and forming no part of the building. The orientation of this gigant= ic monument is perfect, its four sides exactly facing the four cardinal points." (Lenormant.) "The principle upon which this and the ot= her pyramids were constructed appears to have been the following:- Very early in the life of the king the surface of= the limestone rock was levelled for the base, a shaft more or less inclined w= as sunk leading to a rectangular sepulchral chamber in the rock itself. The distance from the entrance of the shaft or gallery to the chamber was calculated at the distance the square base of the pyramid would cover, so= as to exceed and not be overlapped by it. Should the king die during the year the work was finished at once, but should he live on another year a secon= d layer of masonry was placed on the substructure of the same square shape as the base, but smaller, with the sides parallel to those of the base. The proc= ess went on year after year, each layer being smaller than the previous one. = When the king died the work was at once stopped, and the casing or outer surfa= ce of the pyramid finished. This was effected by filling up the masonry with smaller stones of a rectangular form, so that= the pyramid still presented a step-shaped appearance. The casing of each triangular face was then smoothed from the top or apex, the masons standi= ng on the steps and hewing away the edges of each row of stones as they descended to the base. When finished the faces were perfectly smooth, and= the top inaccessible. Each of the casing stones capped the other so as to lea= ve no vertical joint. The principle of the pyramid combined the power of increase in size without alteration in form, and its sloping side carried= off the occasional rainfall without allowing the water to penetrate the build= ing. Simple in shape, it was eternal in duration, and exhibited a perfect mathematical knowledge of the square and the triangle." (Birch.) (1876c1)

$H Pyramidion.

pyramidion: pyramid-shaped top of an obelisk, symbol of <= span class=3DSpellE>Rê; the sloping surfaces reflected the sun's = rays. (1894e1)

(Arch.) A term appli= ed to pyramids the height of which is very small in proportion to their base. T= he summit of an obelisk is often in the form of a pyram= idion. Many sepulchral monuments designed in the Neo‑Greek style are thus terminated. ILLUS. pyramidi(1891a1)

$H Pyramid Texts. Egypt

This phrase refers to the inscriptions in the pyramid tombs of Unas, Teta, Pepi I., Pepi II., and Seker-em-s= a-f. These long, exquisitely carved inscriptions contain various chapters from= the "Book of the Dead." They have been published by Maspero in the Recue= il de Travaux, with a French translation. The form of the language differs greatly from = that found in later times, and is more difficult to translate.(1902b1)

$H Pyrotechny.

(BØD[=3Dpur], fire, and= JXP<0[=3Dtechne], art). = The art of making fireworks. The Chinese had great skill in this art long before its introduction into Europe, and are at t= his day unrivalled in it. The best English work on the subject is perhaps tha= t by G. W. Mortimer (London, 1853).(1883m1)

$H Pyrrha. Egypt

An Egyptian lady, the daughter of Philinos. She was an athlophor= os of the goddess Berenice = Euergetes under Ptolemy V. (1876c1)

$H Pyrrhica.

Gr. (BLDD\P0[=3Dpurriche]). A w= ar‑dance in great favour with the early Greeks, and frequently represented in sculptures, in which warriors brandished their weapons and went through a mock combat.(1883m1)

$H Pythagoras. Cyprus

The king of Kidrusi in the Island of Kypros. He was one of the tributaries of Esarhaddon, = about B.C. 684. (1876c1)

A king or chief magistrate either of Kition or Idalion, in t= he Island of Kypros, about the fourth century B.C. (1876c1)

$H Pythia.

Gr. (Bb24"[=3Dputhia]). (1) A= priestess of Apollo at Delphi, represented seate= d on the sacred tripod. (See CORTI= NA.) (2) Games instituted at Delphi in honour of Apollo, and of his killing the Pytho, the monstrous serpent born from the waters i= n Deucalion's flood.(1883m1)

$H Pythoness.

Synonym of PYTHIA (q= .v.). The term was also used to denote certain sorceresses, such as the pythoness of Endor.(188= 3m1)

$H Pyx.

Pyx, or Pix, Cloths. (See CORPORALS.) (1883m1)

The word in its earliest meaning included any small = box or case, and often in the Middle Ages it contained relics. Thus in the Durham treasury= there was "a tooth of St. Gengulphus, good for the falling sickness, in a small ivory pyx." The pyx used for the sacrament was usually ornamen= ted with religious subjects, other than the incidents of the lives of saints. (Fig. 567.) Fig. 567. Small Ivory Pyx. Ninth Century (?).(1883m1)

<= /o:p>

$H Puaima.

$H Pudil. Assyria

$H Puer. Egypt

$H Pueri. Egypt

$H Puggaree. Hindu

$H Pugillares.

$H Pugio.

$H Puja. Hindu

$H Pukhuniniapi.= Egypt

$H Pulaha. Hindu

$H Pulpit.

$H Pulpitum.

$H Pultiphagi. <= span class=3DGramE>"Eaters of Pulse."

$H Pulusata. Egypt

$H Pulvinar.

$H Pulvinarium.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

$H Pulvinatus.

$H Puma. Egypt

$H Pümeliun. Tyre

$H Pumice‑stone.

$H Punch. Engraving

$H Punchau. (See INTI.) (1883m1)

$H Puncheon. Architecture

$H Punching Compass.

$H Punctum.

$H Punkahs. India

$H Punnu.

$H Punt. Egypt

$H Puntilla.

$H Pupa.

$H Pupil.

$H Puppis.

$H Puqudu.

$H Pur. "Fire." Phoenicia

$H Puranas. Hindu

$H Purbeck‑stone.=

$H Purikh. Etruria

$H Purim.

$H Purity.

$H Purlin. Architecture

$H Purple.

--- $H Purple Lakes.

--- $H Pu= rple Madder. (See MADDER.) (1883m1)

$H Purple‑wood.

$H Purpure. Heraldry

$H Purree.

$H Pursuivants.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

$H Puruluz.

$H Purusata.

$H Puteal.

$H Puteus.

$H Puticuli, Puticulae.

$H Put in.

$H Puttock. O.E. A base kind of hawk. (Shakspeare.)(1883m1)

$H Puzzolana.

$H Puzus.

$H Pyanepsia.

$H Pyat. O.E. A m= agpie.(1883m1)

$H Pycnostyle.

$H Pygmalion.

$H Pykers.

$H = Pylon.

$H Pyra.

$H Pyraeum.

--- $H Pyramid, The Great. Egypt

$H Pyramidion.

$H Pyramid Texts. Egypt

$H Pyrotechny.

$H Pyrrha. Egypt

$H Pyrrhica.

$H Pythagoras. Cyprus

$H Pythia.

$H Pythoness.

$H Pyx.

$H Pyxis.