$H Retable. [Editor - See Altar-piece 1891a1]
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Retable (Fr.), Chr. (See REREDOS.) =3D Reredos, Chr.= (1) The wall or screen at the back of an altar. In the primitive churches, in whi= ch the bishop's seat was at the back of the altar, there was no reredos. Its introduction dates = from the period (about the 12th century) when the episcopal seats and the choi= rs were established in front of the altars. (2) The ROOD‑SCREEN was sometimes so called. <= /p> (3) The open hearth was so called. Hollinshed relates that, before the invention of chimneys, "each man made his fire agai= nst a reredosse in the hall, wher= e he dined and dressed his meat."(1883m1) |
$H
Retaining Wall. Architecture
|
(Arch.) A support, stay, or mass of masonry, which serve=
s to
strengthen a building. The object of a retaining wall is to counteract the
thrust of earth or to sustain an embankment. ILLUS. retainin=
(1891a1)
|
![](3D"ret_files/image026.gif")
$H Rete. Rete an=
d Retis, R. A net. (1=
883m1)
$H Retiarius.
|
A gladiator whose on=
ly arms
were a trident and net; with the latter he tried to embarrass the adversa=
ry
by casting it over his head, and, having done so, to wound him with the
trident; failing in their throw, their only resource was to run round the
arena preparing the net for a second attempt. They fought generally with =
the Mirmillones, and had no helmet =
nor
other protective armour excepting for the lef=
t arm.
(See GLADIATORS.)(1883m1) |
$H Reticella.
|
(Lat. reticu=
lus,
a little net). This was the first known needle‑made lace, produced =
in
all lace‑making countries under different names. (See GREEK LACE.) =
It
was made in several ways: the first consisted in arranging a network of
threads on a small frame, crossing and interlacing them in various
complicated patterns. Beneath this network was gummed a piece of fine clo=
th,
open like canvas, called quintain (from the town in Fig. 581. Venetian Reticella Lace. Fig. 582. Reticulated Vase. Japanese.(1883m1)
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![](3D"ret_files/image027.gif")
![](3D"ret_files/image028.gif")
$H Reticulated.
|
Reticulated. Lattice=
d like
the meshes of a net (rete).(1883m1) |
|
Reticulated. (Pot.) A name given to certain pieces of
porcelain which are bounded by a double surface, the inner surface being
solid, the outer being in the form of a pierced network. In some pieces of
reticulated porcelain of Chinese manufacture the outer surface is pierced
with arabesques, and is placed over a vase of the same form or merely
cylindrical, but of a different colour. Vases which are only apparently
reticulated are contrived by making an impression with a hollow stamp upon
the porcelain. ILLUS. reticula(1891a1)
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![](3D"ret_files/image029.gif")
--- $H Reticulated Glass. (See GLASS.) (1883m1)
--- $H Reticulated Porcelain.=
|
Reticulated Porcelai=
n is an
Oriental product, of which the outer side is entirely cut out in geometric
patterns, honeycomb, circles intercrossed and superposed to a second vase=
of
similar, or of simply cylindrical form. Fig. 582 is a specimen of this
style.(1883m1)
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![](3D"ret_files/image030.gif")
--- $H Reticulated Work. Architecture
|
Arch. (Lat. reticulata structura,
literally, made like a net). Masonry constructed with diamond‑shaped
stones, or QUARRELS, shown in Figs. 493 and 583. The latter shows one of =
the
mouths of the cloaca
opening on the
|
![](3D"ret_files/image031.gif")
![](3D"ret_files/image032.gif")
$H Reticulum.
|
R. Diminutive of rete, a net. Fig. 583. Reticulatum opus.(1883m1)
|
$H Retinaculum.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
R. (retineo, to hold back). A=
rope
used to moor a vessel to the shore.(1883m1) |
$H Retis (See Rete)
$H Retorted. =
Her. Intertwined. (1883m1)
$H Retouch.
|
A modification =
or
correction carried out in a picture, drawing, or engraving; an alteration
made in a photographic cliché to soften the modelling or, in too m=
any
cases, to render it insipid. In line‑engraving the object of retouching is to strengthen or w=
eaken
the tone obtained by hatchings already drawn. In wood‑engraving retouching is limited to weakening or lessening the lines and contours,
which appear too hard or too strongly marked. The process of retouching in
wood‑engraving only allows the work to he modified by the suppressi=
on,
not by the addition of lines, whereas in line engraving a second series of
hatchings may be laid over a previous one, and even skies may be added if
necessary. This kind of retouching is absolutely impossible in wood‑=
;cutting,
where the surface of the block is cut away and a fresh surface, fit to
engrave upon, can only be obtained by fitting fresh pieces of wood to the
original block.(1891a1) |
$H Retrait. Heraldry
|
(Her.) This is a French term used to describe a charge w=
hich
is disconnected in the middle so that one part is in retreat as compared =
with
the other. ILLUS. retrait(1891a1)
|
![](3D"ret_files/image033.gif")
$H
Retreat.=
Architecture
|
(Arch.) A term applied in the Middle Ages to small vault=
ed
rooms or private chambers lighted by arcades.(1891a1) |
--- $H Retreat, In. Architecture
|
(Arch.) That part of a building which lies behind the li=
ne
of the principal façade is said to be in retreat. Niches, pavilion=
s,
for instance, may be in retreat. ILLUS. retreati(1891a1)
|
![](3D"ret_files/image034.gif")
$H Retro‑choir. Arc= hitecture
|
Chr. Arch. Chapels behind or about the choir.(1883=
m1) |
$H Return. Architecture
|
(Arch.) A term applied to a corner, the angle of a build=
ing,
the angle of an entablature, a cornice or a projecting moulding. A mouldi=
ng
itself, too, may be said to retur=
n. The
term may also denote a building, which forms a right angle with another
building. 2 ILLUS. retur=
n1,
return2(1891a1)
|
![](3D"ret_files/image035.gif")
![](3D"ret_files/image036.gif")
$H Revarnishing. Engraving
|
(Engrav.) There are two meth=
ods of
revarnishing an etched plate. The one is by h=
eating
the plate and using a dabber, the other is by laying<=
/span>
on a mixture of varnish and smoke‑black with a hair brush. The obje=
ct
of both these methods is to allow the engraver to retouch the plate, which
has already been bitten and to make such alterations upon it, as necessit=
ate
a rebiting.(1891a1) |
$H
Reveal.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Architecture
|
(Arch.) A term applied to the interior surface formed by=
the
opening of a bay. Reveals may be either rectangular or oblique.
|
![](3D"ret_files/image037.gif")
$H Reverse.
|
Reverse. (= Numis.) The side of a coin or medal opposite to the face or obverse.(1891a1) |
|
Reverse. The back of=
a
medal. In very ancient coins this had no mark except that of the instrume=
nt
by which it was fixed to receive the stamp of the obverse. By degrees this grew into a figure of a dolphin or s=
ome
other animal. Some ancient Greek reverses are intaglios of the stamp in relief of the obverse. Complete reverses appear on Greek coins about 500 B.=
C.,
and are of exquisite execution. (Cf. OBVERSE.)(1883m1) |
$H Reversed.
|
In the process of engraving pictures are sometimes rever=
sed,
that to say, they are reproduced in the opposite way to the original. A h=
ead,
for instance, which looked towards the right, looks towards the left when
reversed.(1891a1) |
$H Revinctum.
|
(opus),
R. (revincio=
,
to bind fast). Dove‑tailed masonry. (See Fig. 269.)(1883m1)
|
![](3D"ret_files/image038.gif")
$H
Revolution.
|
A term applied in geometry to the r=
otatory
movement by means of which a solid may be deduced from a plane
figure.(1891a1) |
$H Rez‑de‑Chaussée. [See GroundR=
09;floor.]
(1891a1)
$H Rezon.
|
A king of |