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Chr. A string or chaplet of beads for numbering pr=
ayers,
an Oriental and ante‑Christian custom of great antiquity. They are
called tasbi=
h
by the Indian Mohammedans; in Sanscrit Japanata,
"the muttering chaplet," &c.(1883m1) |
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Rose. (Arch.) In the Romanesque and Gothic styles church
windows of circular form are called rose windows. The small rosettes which
decorate Corinthian capitals are known as roses, while the same term is
applied to the circular ornaments placed in the centre of a pavement, mad=
e up
of various coloured substances. ILLUS. rose(1891a1)
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=
Rose, Her. Represented in blazon without leaves. Th=
e rose
of "That in mine ear I durst not stick a rose, Lest men
should say, Look where three farthings goes." (=
Shakspeare.) The allusion refers to a thin s=
ilver
coin of the reign of Fig. 590. Heraldic Roses.(1883m1)
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(Fr. guillochis). (1) An
architectural moulding, also called Greek fre=
t,
meanders, and quirked torus. (2) In goldsmith=
s'
work it is an ornament of network made by means of a machine called a ros=
e‑engine.
(Bosc.)(1883m1) |
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Rose Madder. (Paint.) This pigment is a lake obtained =
from
the root of the "Rubia Tinctorum."
It yields exquisite tints, and although it dries slowly is a useful
pigment.(1891a1) |
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A coarse kind of lak=
e; a
delicate and fugitive colour. (See PINKS.)(18=
83m1) |
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A massive quartz of =
a rose‑red
colour, common in Ceylon.(1883m1) |
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Rose Rubiate. (Paint.) A use=
ful
and transparent pigment of a rose colour. It may be used with advantage b=
oth
in water‑colour and oil.(1891a1) |
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Rose‑window (s=
ometimes
called a Catherine wheel), Arch. A large circular window divided into
compartments by curved mullions. The most beautiful examples are met with=
in
churches of the Florid Gothic period. (Fig. 591.) Fig. 5=
91.
Rose‑window in the
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Rose‑wood, Rho=
des‑wood,
largely used in furniture as a favourite vene=
er, is
a name applied to a large variety of trees, mostly imported from
Brazil.(1883m1) |
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Rosemary, in Old
England, was closely connected with wedding‑feasts and with funeral=
s. "There's rosemary: that's for remembrance; pray you, love,
remember: and there is pansies; that's for thoughts." (Hamlet.) "There's Rosemarie; the Arabians justifie, It comforteth the
braine and memorie." (A Dial=
ogue
between Nature and the |
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Rosetta
Stone. A slab of black basalt, bearing a trilingual inscription, which has
proved the key to the decipherment of the hieroglyphs; for it is inscribed
with a decree written first in hieroglyphs, then in demotic, and thirdly =
in
Greek. It was found near the Rosetta mouth of the Nile by a French artill=
ery
officer named Boussard, in 1798, and at the <=
span
class=3DSpellE>capitilation of |
|
Rosetta
Stone. This
famous tablet is thus described by Dr. Birch, in his Appendix to Wilkinso=
n's Egyptians:-<=
/span>
"In 1792, M. Boussard discovered, near
Rosetta, a large stone, of black granite, commonly known as the Rosetta S=
tone
or Inscription. This appears, from late researches of Mr. Harris, to have
originally been placed in a |
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A beautifully‑=
veined
East Indian wood, of a bright‑red orange colou=
r.(1883m1) |
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Rosettes. (See RIBANDS.) (1883m1) |
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Rosette. (Arch.) A painted or sculptured ornament of
circular form. Ceilings and coffers are sometimes decorated with rosettes,
consisting of several rows of leaves arranged in a circle round a bud. =
span>ILLUS. rosette(1891a1)
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Rosso Antico. A deep red ma=
rble
with white spots and veins. It was used by the sculptors of |
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Rosso Antico, It. Ancien=
t marble
of a deep red tint, probably deepened in colour by
antiquity, like the NERO ANTICO (q.v.). It is the material of many ancient
Egyptian and early Greek sculptures, unequalled in tone by the products of
any modern quarries. It contains white spots and veins.(1883m1) |
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(Arch.) An epithet applied to columns at |
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Rostrum, R. (Gr. |
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Rostrum. (Arch.) An ornament consisting of the prow of an ancient
ship. The name, rostrum, was =
also
given in ancient times to the tribune set up in the Forum Romanum,
because this tribune was decorated with the beaks of ships. ILLUS. rostrum(1891a1)
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R. (1) A wheel compo=
sed of a
nave (modius=
),
spokes (radii), felloes (absides=
), and
iron tires (=
orbes
or canthi ferrarii).
(2) It was also an instrument of punishment. |
|
Rotennu. "Men of the Mist." The Egyptian n=
ame of
the Syrians of Mesopotamia who were repeatedly conquered by the Egyptian
kings of the XVIIIth, XIXth, and later dynasties, but who always recovered
their independence after the death of the conqueror. They were the first
inhabitants of |
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Rotta (Germ. rotte; |
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(Arch.) A building of circular = form, generally surmounted by a cupola.(1891a1) |
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A dome‑shaped =
or monopteral
(q.v.) structure. The largest rot=
unda
ever made was that of the Vienna Exhibition in 1873.(1883m1) |
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A red paste, dry and of a disagreeable odour, which is
obtained by the maceration of the berries of the arn=
otto‑tree,
and is used in gilding to obtain vermilions.(1891a1) |
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Fr. (lit. a small wheel). A Fr=
ench
term which has been applied by antiquaries to numerous objects more or le=
ss
resembling a wheel, such as brooches and coins. The Gallic coin (Fig. 592=
) is
from the bas‑reliefs on a Roman arch at
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This style, of stron=
gly
Oriental character, and mostly applied to the decoration of what are call=
ed
"lambrequins" (or mantlings) and &q=
uot;dentelles" (lace), has been the object of univ=
ersal
imitation in Fig. 593. Rouen Plate. Decorated
à la Corne. Fig. 5=
94.
Slipper in
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Rouge
was in use among the Egyptians as an article for the toilettes of ladies =
of fashion,
for the dead, and for the statues of the gods. A papyrus in the |
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Two of the four Pursuivants
(heralds of the lowest type) of Herald's College.(1883m1) |
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Arch. A kind of red
marble.(1883m1) |
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To rough‑cast a wall is to cover its surface with a
coating of plaster.(1891a1) |
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(Sculp.) To remove, by means=
of
the chisel and hammer, and in the case of large surfaces with a saw, those
parts of a block of stone or marble which protrude beyond the outline of a
figure or the profile of a moulding, these outlines or profiles being
approximately traced upon the stone or marble. ILLUS. roughint(1891a1)
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(Engrav.) A small disc of te=
mpered
steel, furnished with sharp teeth. Some roulettes
are fixed perpendicularly, others parallel to the handle. The roulette is
passed several times over the plate, covered with the etching ground, so =
as
to trace upon it a series of points which may be crossed at will in every direction. The grain thus obtained varies in
strength according to the size of the teeth of instrument and the force w=
hich
it is driven over the etching̴=
9;ground. =
span>2 ILLUS. roulet1, roulet2=
(1891a1)
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Roundels. (1) Wooden
platters decorated with painting and gilding; 16th century. (2) Small round shie=
lds
borne by soldiers in the 14th and 15th centuries. (3) Arch. The bead or
astragal moulding.(1883m1) |
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Roundels. (Her.) These are small circular discs which are
frequently met with in coats‑of‑arms. It is usual that not fe=
wer
than three together should appear on a shield, and the roundels may
themselves be charged, that is to say, they may have another charge placed
upon them. They are distinguished by special names according to their
tinctures; thus the roundel or =
i>is
called a bezant, probably fro=
m a
gold coin of
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Her. A circular figu= re in Heraldry, of which there are many kinds: as the BEZANT, PLATE, TORTEAU, &c. (q.v.). In modern Heraldry a roundle = gules is called TORTEAU; azure, HURT; sable, PELLET or OGRESS; vert, POMME; purpure, GOLPE. (See also FOUNTAIN, ANNULET.) <= span style=3D'font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Fig 59= 5. Bezant.(1883m1)
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There are upwards of=
a
hundred in |
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The wheel of a spur.(1883m1) |
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Rowel. (Her.) The little spiked wheel that forms the
penetrating part of a spur. It has five or six projecting points or rays =
like
a star, and is not an unfrequent charge in
heraldry. ILLUS. rowel=
span>(1891a1)
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Chr. Lights in a church, let up and down by a pull=
ey,
especially a star‑like light made to move at the Epiphany, when the
coming of the wise men was acted as a religious play. Any small hoop or r=
ing
movable on the place that holds it is a "rowel."(1883m1) |
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O.E. A vessel mentio=
ned, but
not described, in Church records (of Walberswick, |
|
(1) Paper: 21 inches by 19. (2) Artillery. A very small mortar. (3) Sailing. The upper sail above the top‑gallant. (4) O.E. A RIAL (q.v=
.), a
coin of the value of ten shillings.(1883m1) [See Ria=
l
- Editor] |
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Royal Blue (Fr. bleu du roi). A vitreo=
us
pigment used in porcelain painting, resulting in a rich, deep blue colour. It is prepared from smalt.(1883m1) |
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Royal Blue. (Paint.) A blue pigment composed of glass, w=
hich
has been made blue by fusion and then powdered. It is of much service in
fresco and porcelain painting, and was first used at Sèvres.
In oil and water‑colour it is to be avoided.(1891a1) |