$H Skeens= .

Skeens, Celtic. Long= sharp knives; "skeen dubh,&quo= t; black knife, the Highlander's der= nier ressort.(1883m1)

$H Skejdbrimer. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the name of one = of the horses of the gods. (1876c1)

$H Skeleton.

(1.) The osseous frame of a man. Many artists keep skele= tons in their studios, which are artificially jointed with brass wire. Skeleto= ns thus arranged will assume almost any position at will, and so are of the utmost service to the artist, for they enable him in his drawings to set = the limb properly on the trunk, and to verify the projection of the bones. ILLUS. skelet1

(2.) (Sculp.) A series of bars of iron, round which a clay model or plaster cast is built up, its purpose being to strengthen the weak parts of the cast or model. 2 ILLUS. skelet2a, skelet2b(1891a1)

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$H Sketch.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

A rapid design executed from nature, or the record of a picturesque idea. If it is made from nature, it should be in as few strok= es possible, and should be sober in detail, so as not to have the effect of a finished work. The first suggestion of a composition is generally set for= th in the form of a sketch, and it often happens that the transcription of an idea is more brilliant and charming than the finished work. Sometimes painters sketch their works on the canvas, putting in the general outline= s of the drawing before they begin to paint. The lights are not sketched in the same way as the shades. Account must be taken of the effects which the to= nes applied to the canvas will produce as the artist advances in his work, an= d in putting in the sketch the artist must take care not to cover those portio= ns of the picture which must remain transparent, and should allow the grain = of the canvas to be seen. The slighter the sketch the more likelihood is the= re of producing a good result. A sculptor's sketch is the first suggestion o= f a statue or bas‑relief, in which the artist does nothing more than hi= nt at the attitude and lines of the figures. Sometimes the sculptor works up= his sketch into a finished work, carrying out all the details with accuracy a= nd precision, but more often he leaves the first sketch as it is, and starts another on a different scale. When we say that a work is a mere sketch, we mean that it is unfinished, nothing but its main outlines being suggested.(1891a1)

$H Sketch‑book.

A note‑book of white or tinted paper, plainly and simply bound. In his sketch‑book the artist jots down rapid sketche= s, which he works up afterwards in his studio. These memoranda in line, fill= ed out sometimes with a written description, are a valuable aid to the artis= t. In fact sketches taken from nature furnish the painter with the most prec= ious documents in composing and making his pictures.(1891a1)=

$H Skhai. Egypt

An Egyptian name for a clerk or scribe. See An. (1876c1)

$H S-khem-ka. Egypt

An early Egyptian nobleman, who was "Chief of the Writers of the Fields" of King Suten-rekh-ata of = the Vth dynasty. He was called also Se-khemka. (1876c1)

$H Skinfaxi. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the horse of the goddess Dag or Day, whose mane lit up the heavens and the earth. (1876c1)=

$H Skinning. in Masonry. (See REGRATING.)= (1883m1)

$H Skirophorion. (See SCIROPHORIUM.) (1883m1)=

$H Sköll. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the name of the = wolf which caused eclipses by pursuing and temporarily catching the sun. He was the son of the giantess Jarnwidr. (1876c1)

$H Skuld. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the last of the three deities of fate or Nornes. = See Urd. (1876c1)

$H Sky. Painting

(Paint.) That portion of a picture in which clouds and t= he expanse of the heavens are represented. When we say that a sky is fine, we mean that it is painted in delicate and refined tones, and is modelled wi= th subtlety and firmness. In another sense a picture is said to be skied when it is hung in an exhi= bition high up above the line.(1891a1)

$H Slate. Architecture

(Arch.) A common schist of a blueish, black grey or viol= et tone, which is cut into rectangular plates, generally with two of its cor= ners broken. Slates are used for covering the roofs of buildings.(1891a1)=

$H Slaves. Egypt

See SERVANTS.(1902b1)

$H Sleipnur. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandin= avian mythology the name of the horse of Wodin. It had eight legs, four of which rested alternately to allow of its continuing in constant action. (1876c1= )

$H Sleparis. Etruria

An Etruscan female divinity, who on a mirr= or in the Vatican was represented as being clothed in a mantle and listening to Faün. (1876c1)

$H Slidhr. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology one of the thirty-two filthy streams of Hell. (1876c1)

$H Sling. (See BALEA, FUNDA.) (1883m1)=

$H Slipped. <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Heraldry

Her. Pulled or torn off.(1883m1)

$H Slit and Tongue= . Construction

(Constr.) A method used by joiners to unite two pieces of wood, cut out so as to fit one in the other, as shown in the accompanying cut. ILLUS. slitand= t(1891a1)

$H Slope. Architecture

(Arch.) A term applied to anything that is inclined or s= et at an angle. For instance, we speak of the slope of a pediment or the slo= pe of a roof. In the ancient orders of architecture the cornice of the entablature serves as the base of the pediment, while the upper part of t= his cornice is repeated in the slopes of the pediment. A piece of ground the plane of which is inclined is termed a slope, and advantage is often take= n of it to construct a flight of steps. 2 ILLUS. slope1, slope2(1891a1)

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$H Sloppy.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Painting

(Paint.) A picture which is loosely composed, and roughly painted, is said to be sloppy= .(1891a1)

$H Sma. Egypt

Sma. "Smiter." A mystical pool near the celestial Ni= le, which is figured in the vignette to the CXth chapter of the Ritual of the Dead. (1876c1)

$H Sma-em-nekht-ef. Egypt

The name of the favourite lion of Rameses = II. The animal appears to have attended his master in his battles, and to have accompanied him in his state processions. (1876c1)

$H Smalt.

A vitreous substance coloured by cobalt, used for painting on china, not being affected by fir= e. It makes also a bad pigment in water‑colour painting, and is largely used for giving a blue tinge to writing‑paper, linen, &c. (See COBALT.)(1883m1)

$H Smalti.

It. Cubes of coloure= d glass applied in the modern MOSAICS.(1883m1)

$H Smeliel.

In Cabalistic mythology the spirit of the = sun. (1876c1)

$H Smen. Egypt

A town in the Memphite nome which was sacr= ed to the god Sebek. (1876c1)

An Egyptian captain in the Syrian wars of Thothmes IV. He was also the bearer of the royal parasol. His mother's na= me was Naa, and that of his wife Nes-ra. (1876c1)

$H Smendes.

According to the Greek lists a king of Tanis or the XXI= st dynasty. He has not yet been certainly identified, unless he be the Sementu-Meramen, whose name occurs on a brazen sphynx in the Louvre Collection. (1876c1)

$H Smento. Egypt

A son of Anhur-mes, a priest of the deity Anhur in the XVIIIth dynasty. His wife's name was En-nub. (1876c1)

$H Smerdis I. Persia

Smerdis I. A king of = Persia who was set up by th= e Magi on the death of Cambyses, B.C. 521. He was assassinated after a brief rei= gn of seven months.

$H Smerdis II. (The Second False One.) Persia

Smerdis II. (The Second False One.) One of the many impostors who, claiming descent from Cyrus, raised a revolt against Darius Hystaspes. See Vahyazdata. (1= 876c1)

$H Smer. Egypt

Smer. Someti= mes written Smer-ua. An honorific Egyptian title. The sense is unknown, b= ut it is generally rendered "High Courtier" or "Friend of the Prince." It was used chiefly in the Saite period. See also Suten-rekh. (1876c1)

$H Smer-ua.= Egypt [See Smer - Editor]

$H Smoke. Engraving

(Engrav.) When the coloured varnish which has been smear= ed over an engraved plate does not allow the lines to stand out with suffici= ent force, the copper is smoked or blackened. To do this while the varnish is still warm, the plate must be exposed to the flame of a resinous torch. <= span class=3DGramE>the black smoke of which incrusts itself in the varn= ish and given the plate when it is cold a beautiful black tint. In order that= the smoking should be successful it is necessary that the layer of black shou= ld be very thin, and that there should be no trace of the passage of the smo= ke. Furthermore, the operation must be rapidly performed, so that the varnish= is not burnt and deprived of all power of resistance to the biting. <= span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New R= oman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-no-proof:no'>ILLUS. smoke(1891a1)

$H Smoke‑proof. Engraving

(Engrav.) A proof of a relief e= ngraving taken upon unsized India paper. To obtain smoke‑proofs, the wood or cliché is inked with smoke black, and a pressure is exerted upon t= he damp paper with a burnisher. To prevent tearing the paper, a piece of car= d is placed between the paper and the tool. Smoke‑proofs are the most trustworthy impressions of wood‑cuts. The block is most carefully i= nked as a rule with the roller or finger. The distances can thus be carefully brought out, and the foreground may be strongly marked by vigorous inking= . As engravers take these proofs themselves as a guide in the completion of th= eir work, or for their private collections, they are always very limited in number, and eagerly sought after by amateurs.(1891a1)

$H Smoky.

Proofs of an engraving are said to be smoky when the dust and smoke of many years have given them a dirty yellow, almost black tone. The term is also applied to pictures whi= ch have been exposed to smoke so as to give them the appearance of old canva= ses, the varnish of which has turned black with dust and age.(1891a1)

$H Smot. Egypt

An uncertain Egyptian deity who was repres= ented as a king wearing the solar disk upon the lunar horns. (Wilkinson.) (1876= c1)

$H Snail. Christian

Chr. In Christian iconography the snail is an emblem of sloth and of the resurrection.(1883= m1)

$H S-nefer-ka. Egypt

An early Egyptian king who is named on the Tablet of Abydos. (1876c1)

$H Sneferu or S-nefru. Egypt

Sneferu. First king of Dynasty IV., cir. 3998 B.C., reigned twenty-nine yea= rs. Two queens are known, Mertitefs and Meri-s-ankh, and one daughter, Nefert= -kau. The pyramid and temple at Medûm belong to this king. From the Sinai tablet it is evident that Sneferu sent an expedition against the Bedawi. = (See MEDÛM.)(1902b1)

S-nefru. T= he last or last king but one, of the IIIrd Egyptian dynasty. He conquered the nom= adic tribes of the Anu of Arabia Petrea, and discovered the turquoise mines in= the Peninsula of Mount Sinai. He reigned thirty y= ears, and was the Sephoris of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H S-nekht-en-amen. Egypt

A son of Rameses II. o= f the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Snenath. Etruria

An Etruscan guardian spirit, who, accordin= g to Taylor, presides over the health. (1876c1)

$H Snood.

(A.S. snôd). A head‑band for ladies, of the Anglo‑= ;Saxon period, similar to that now used by young unmarried women in Scotland.(1883m1)

$H Snotra. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the goddess of cleanliness. (1876c1)