$H Space.

In a picture a figure is said to lack space when it is placed in a frame of too narrow dimensions, so that it appears cramped and confined.(1891a1)

$H Span. Architecture

Span. Of an arch, the breadth between the imposts.(1883m1)

Span. (Arch.) The span of an arch is the width between t= he imposts.(1891a1)

$H Spandrel or Spandril= . Architecture

Spandril, Arch. The triangular space between the upper = arch of a door and the square mouldings which form= a frame to it.(1883m1)

Spandrel. (Arch.) The triangular space included between = the convex or outer surface of an arch and the rectangular moulding which surmounts the arch. The spandrels of doorways in Gothic buildings are frequently richly decorated with carvings.(1891a1)

$H Spangle.

Spangles, of gold and silver, were, in the Middle Ages, artistically shaped concave, and sewed = on like tiles, one overlapping the other, producing a rich and pleasing effe= ct. Our present flat spangles are quite modern.(1883m1)

Spangle. A small leaf of thin metal, circular in shape, = and with a hole pierced through its centre, so that it can be fixed on to a s= tiff material with thread or silk. Spangles scintillate brilliantly in the lig= ht. The court dresses of the 18th century were decorated with garlands and ot= her designs formed of spangles of gold and silver.(1891a1)<= /p>

$H Spanish Black.

A pigment of burnt cork.(1883m1)

$H Spanish Brown. (See OCHRE.) (1883m1)

$H Spanish Ferreto.

A rich reddish‑= ;brown pigment.(1883m1)

$H Spanish Red.

An ochreous red pigment, yellower than the Venetian red.(1883m1)

$H Spanish Stitch.

A kind of embroidery introduced into En= gland by Katharine of Aragon in 1501.(1883m1)

$H Span‑roof.

Arch. Having two inclined sides; not a pent‑roof.(1883m1)

$H Spar, Fluor. &n= bsp;

A mineral, which in fusion dissolves metallic oxides, and thus produces a kind of crystal, the colour of which varies with the natu= re of the metal dissolved. With this spar candelabra, vases, and other decorative objects are made.(1891a1)

$H Spartea. (See SOLEA.) (1883m1)

$H Sparum.

R. A weapon specially employed by the agricultural population, whence its name of sparum agreste= , telum rusticum. It was a kind of halberd. A form sparus was also in use.(1883m1)

$H Spatha.

Gr. and R. (<= span style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f= ont-family: "WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>FBV20[=3Dspathe]). (1) A= batten or wooden blade used by w= eavers for beating the threads of the woof. (2) The spatula of a druggist or chemist. (3) A long, broad, two‑edged sword, with a sharp point.(1883m1)

$H Spathalium.

Gr. and R. (<= span style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f= ont-family: "WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>FB"2V84@<[=3Dspathalion]). A= kind of bracelet with bells attached, so that it bore some resemblance to the flo= wer‑sheath of the palm‑tree (spatha), whence its name.(1883m1)

$H Spatula.=

The spatula used by painters in enamel is the instrument with which the powdered enamel is taken hold of and spread over the surfa= ce of the plate. The spatula used in sculpture is a trowel‑shaped tool, with which moulders take the plaster from the bowl and spread it in the mould. 2 ILLUS. spatu= la1, spatula2(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp;

$H Speak‑house.

O.E. A parlour.(1883m1)

$H Spean.

Hind. A monumental b= ridge, of no great height, among the Khmers or ancient inhabitants of Cambodgia. The balustrade of this bridge was formed= by means of NAGAGAS (q.v.).(1883m1)

$H Spear.

Her., is seldom seen in blazon, though it appears as a "punning device&quo= t; in the arms granted to Shakspeare's father. (= See LANCE, CUSPIS, &c.)(1883m1)

$H Specillum.

R. A surgeon's probe= , of iron, bronze, or silver.(1883m1)

$H Spectra.

Impressions which re= main for a time on the retina of the eye, after looking at certain bright and coloured objects. They are either similar in colour and form to the objects which excited them, = or vary according to the laws of the spectrum; e.g. if the eye is fixed on a= red wafer, lying on a sheet of white paper, it will appear frin= ged with a faint green; then if, = after a time, the eye is turned to another part of the paper, where there is no wafer, a green wafer will appear.(1883m1)

$H Spectrum.

The series of colours that a beam of white light slips into under refraction: ‑ red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.(1883m1)

The image produced by a ray of light crossing a crystal prism, the colours of which, joining one another by imperceptible shades.= are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red.(1891a1)<= /span>

$H Specula.

R. A watch‑tow= er.(1883m1)

$H Specularia.

Gr. and R. Window= 209;panes made with a kind of transparent stone (lapis specularis).(1883m1)

$H Speculum.

Speculum. The mirror of the ancients was made either of a white metal, (a mixture of copper and tin), or else of silver. In order t= hat it might give a bright reflection its surface was highly polished. Its ba= ck was often decorated with incised designs of great beauty, and mirrors for= m an important class of ancient works of art.(1891a1)

Speculum, R. (specio,= to behold). A mirror; they were made in ancient times of a white composition= of copper and tin, and afterwards of silver. The back of the mirror was decorated with beautiful engraved or enchased designs. There were also glass mirrors backed with a thin leaf of m= etal. Mirrors were not contrived to be hung against a wall, or to stand on a ta= ble, but were generally held by female slaves in front of their mistresses. (S= ee MIRRORS.)(1883m1)

$H Specus.

R. Originally a dark= grotto or cave; later the covered canal of an aqueduct.(1883m1)

$H Spence.

O.E. The buttery att= ached to the hall; 13th, 14th century.(1883m1)

$H Spenta-armaiti.

Spenta-armaiti. "Holy Earth." In Zendic mythology the fourth of the heavenly Amshaspands, which see. = (1876c1)

$H Spenta-magnius.

Spenta-magnius. "The Holy Spirit." The Zendic name of the Spirit of A= huramazda, by whose agency the world was created. It was also called his son. (1876c= 1)

$H Speos.

Egyp. (FBX@H[=3Dspeos]). HYPOGE= A or subterranean Egyptian temples. Hemispeos was the name given to temples built partly a= bove and partly under the ground.(1883m1)

Egypt<= span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-= ansi-language: EN-GB'>. A Greek word used to designate a small rock-cut temple or shrine.(1902b1)

$H Speos Artemidos or Speos-art= emidos. Egypt

Speos Artemidos. The Greek name given to a small rock-cut temple at Beni Hasan. It was begun by Queen Hatshepsut and Thothmes III. of the XVIIIth Dy= nasty. It is dedicated to Bast, one of the lioness-headed goddesses, whom the Gr= eeks identified with their Artemis - the Roman Diana.(1902b1)

Speos-artemidos. The ancient name of the town now called Beni-Hassan, where many of the great officers of the earlier Egyptian dynasties were buried, and where a temple was erected to the goddess Sekhet by Seti I. (1876c1)

$H Sperlings.

O.E. Sprats.(1883m1)=

$H Sperthe.

O.E. A battle‑= axe.(1883m1)

$H Spetum.

Med. A kind of PARTISAN, but narrower and lighter.(1883m1)

$H Sphearisterium.

Gr. and R. (<= span style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f= ont-family: "WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>FN"4D4FJZD4@<[=3Dsphairisterion]= , lit. place for ball). An apartment attached to a gymnasium or set of baths for playi= ng with balls.(1883m1)

$H Sphaeromachia.

$H Sphendone.

Gr. A band or fillet= with which Greek ladies confined their hair. (See DIADEMA, HAIR, &c.)(1883= m1)

$H Sphere.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

A solid figure produced by a semicircle turning on its diameter as its axis. The term is also commonly applied to globes representing the surface of the earth. By the term armillary sphere we de= note a celestial globe formed of circles representing the movement of the star= s. ILLUS. sphere(1891a1)

$H Spheroid.

A solid figure having the form of a flattened sphere. It= is produced by half an ellipse turning about on one of its axes. The terrest= rial globe may be described as an oblate spheroid. ILLUS. spheroid(1891a1)

$H Sphinx.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

sphinx: symbolical figur= e, lion-bodied and usually human-headed, an emblem of royal might. (1894e1)<= o:p>

Sphinx. A monster having the head and breasts of a woman, the body of a lion and the wings of an eagle. The term is also applied to colossi of granite found in ancient Egypt. Near the pyramid of = Cheops there still exists a huge sphinx cut in rock, which measures twenty metres in height and forty metres in length. Some authorities hold that the Great Sphinx is nothing more than a solitary ro= ck, to which the Egyptians gave its present form by means of blocks of stone skilfully arranged, the head alone having been sculptured. This Sphinx was the image of the Egyptian god Hoz‑en= 209;Kohn. 4 ILLUS. sphinx1, sphinx2, sphin= x3, sphinx4(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp;

Sphinx, Egyp. (= EN\(>[=3DSphinx]). An emblem peculiarly Egyptian, si= gnifying the religious mystery; in this sense it was adopted by the Romans and pla= ced in the pronaos of their temples. The ANDRO= 209;SPHINX (Fig. 617), a human head upon a lion's body, typified generally the union= of intellectual and physical power; the CRIO‑SPHINX (Fig. 618) had the head of a ram; and the HIERACO‑SPHINX (Fig. 619) that of a hawk. The two latter are complex emblems; the hawk being the sun‑god's and the king's special figure, and the ram that of the god N= eph. The symbolical importance of these figures was completely disregarded in = the course of their application to the purposes of Greek art.

Fig. 617. Andro‑Sphinx= . Fig 618. Crio‑Sphinx. Fig. 619. Hieraco‑Sphinx.(1883m1)

Egypt= . The oldest known monument in Egypt, standing on the Gîzeh platform about a quarter of a mile S.E. of the great pyramid. Its date is unknown; but an inscription of Khufu mentions = it, and possibly it was restored by this king; though some Egyptologists cons= ider that it is of much later date. It is hewn out of the solid rock, the deficiency in contour being supplied by masonry. The body is about 150 ft. long, the paws 50 ft., the greatest height about 70 ft., the head being 30 ft. long, and the breadth of face 14 ft. The features have been spoiled by Mohammedan fanaticism that made a target of the face. But some of the original red colouring still remains on the cheek. Parts of the beard and uraeus are now in the B= ritish Museum [N. Egypti= an Gallery]. More than once the monument has been cleared from the sand which constantly drifts round to and buries it. Of late years the Egyptian Government has made extensive excavations here. Between the paws of the Sphinx, Thothmes IV. set up a tablet recording the appearance to him of Harmachis in an after-dinner sleep, when he was promised great rewards by= the god if he would dig the Sphinx - his image - out of the sand. In Egyptian= its name is "hu," and it represented "Horus on the horizon" - Heru-em-khut, better known as Harmachi= s.(1902b1)

Sphynx. A large statue of a seated human-headed lion= , 140 feet long and proportionately high, wrought out of the solid rock, in fro= nt of the Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt, to which it was long anterior. Originally it was surmounted by a crown, w= hich was formed of a separate block of stone. This statue was intended to represent the king under the form of the Egyptian deity Ra Harmachis. Long avenues of sphynxes, both human and ram-headed, formed the entrances to s= ome of the chief of the Theban temples at Karnak and <= st1:City w:st=3D"on">Luxor. The Egyptian name of this sing= ular creature was Sesheps. (1876c1)<= o:p>

$H Sphyrelata.

Gr. Hammered metal‑work;= the earliest form of art manufacture in metal. Archaic statues, antecedent to= the invention of the art of casting, were formed of hammered plates fastened together with rivets. (See METALLURGY.)(1883m1)

A name given in Greek to all kinds of hammered metalR= 09;work. The metal was beaten when cold, and this simple process is the most ancie= nt that is recorded. Many sphyrelata belong to a= time before soldering ring was invented, and their pieces were joined together= by nails. The surface of these primitive works of art was often enriched by incised ornaments. Of our two illustrations the one represents a bronze b= ust discovered at Vulci, which is almost childish= in its simplicity, the other a vase, in which grace and proportion are by no means lacking. 2 ILLUS. sphyr= el1, sphyrel2(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p;

$H Sphynx. [See Sphinx - Editor]

$H Spicae Testaceae.

R. (spica, ear of corn). Oblo= ng bricks for pavements; applied in the Spicatum Opus.(1883m1)

$H Spicatum.

Spicatum (opus), R. A term answering to our HERRINGR= 09;BONE work; it was a kind of construction in which the stones were arranged so = as to resemble the setting of the grains in an ear of corn. (Fig. 620.)

Fig. 620. Spicatum Opus.(1883m1)

$H Spiculum.

R. (dimin. of spicum, a point). The barbed iron head of an arrow or lance. The custom of barbing weapons dates from a very early period, since it is met with in prehistor= ic times. Fig. 621 shows a barbed bone arrow.

Fig. 621. Spiculum.(1883m1)

=

$H Spider‑work.

Spider‑work (opus araneum). A kind of embroidery; specimens of the 13th and 14th centuries are in Sou= th Kensington Museum.(1883m1)

$H Spike.

Spike. Oil of spike used in wax painting is prepared from the wild lavender.(1883m1)

Spikes. (Arch.) Ornamental pieces of iron curved into all sorts of shapes and always armed with sharp points, which are put on the summit of walls to prevent them being scaled. They afford an excellent opportunity for artistic treatment, and they are sometimes admirable specimens of decorative iron‑work. ILLUS. spikes(1891a1)

$H Spina.

R. (lit. a spine). A= long, low wall along the middle of a circus, marking off the course in a race. = At each end were the goals, (metae). (See CIRCUS, META.)(1883m1)

$H Spinet.

(Ital= . spinetta). An old‑f= ashioned musical instrument on the principle of the harpsichord and pianoforte. Brass and steel wires were struck= by quills fixed to the tongues of jacks which were moved by the keys of a fi= nger‑board. (Fig. 622.) Fig. 622. Spinet. 18th century.(1883m1)

$H Spinther.

R. (FN4(6JZD[=3Dsphinkter]). A = bracelet; it was worn upon the left arm, and retained in its place merely by the elasticity of the material. The term is really a corruption of sphincter, the muscle which rema= ins naturally contracted. (See ARMILLA.)(1883m1)

$H Spira.

R. (FB,ÃD"[=3Dspeira]). Anyth= ing spiral or coiled; such as (1) a coil of rope; (2) an ornament worn by women on t= he head; (3) the string by which the cap of the Salian<= /span> priests was fastened under the chin; (4) the base of a column.(1883m1)

$H Spiral.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

A plane curve describing several revolutions round a fix= ed point, its distance from this point becoming greater at each revolution.(1891a1)

$H Spire. Architecture

Arch. An acutelyR= 09;pointed termination crowning a steeple. (See CHAMFER.)(1883m1)<= /p>

(Arch.) A pointed pyramidal bell turret, sometimes of st= one, but more often of wood covered with lead or tiles. Spires are not found i= n England before the Norman period, and then they are neither lofty nor tapering. In the Early English period they were carried to a great elevation, and were generally octagonal. The spires of the Decorated period did not differ mu= ch from the spires of the preceding period. They were, however, ornamented w= ith crockets, &c. In the Perpendicular period spires retained the same fo= rm, and almost invariably had a gutter and parapet at their base. This was not the case in earlier times, when b= roach spires, or spires springing straight from the tower, without a parapet, were comm= on. ILLUS. spire(1891a1)

$H Spirit Fresco.

A new method of pain= ting in fresco, introduced by Mr. Gambie= r Parry, 1880.(1883m1)

$H Spirits of Wine.

Spirits of Wine are = used to dissolve resins in the preparation of varnishes.(1883m1)

$H Spirula. Diminutive of <= span class=3DSpellE>spira. (1883m1)

$H Spittle or Spittle‑house.

O.E. A hospital.(188= 3m1)

$H Splay. Architecture

(Arch.) The term splay is applied to any sloping surface, but especially to doorways or wind= ows, the width of which is increased by their sides sloping inwards.(1891a1)

$H Spolarium.

R. (spolio, to strip off). A = cloak‑room in the baths, where the bathers left their clothes; in an amphitheatre or circus the term was applied to a cella in whi= ch gladiators who had been killed in the arena were stripped of their clothes and weapons.(1883m1)

$H Spolia.

R. Booty taken in wa= r. PRAEDA means plunder generally; MANUBIUM, the share of the commander or t= he state; EXUVIAE, the personal spoils of an enemy; and SPOLIA, properly speaking, arms or implements of war. (See OPIMA SPOLIA.) (1883m1)

$H Spondists. Egypt

In Egyptian mythology certain ladies who w= ere attached to the temples of the Egyptian deities, and chiefly of that of A= men Ra. They took rank below that of the priestesses proper. (1876c1)

$H Spoon.

Chr. In early times, especially among the Greeks, Syrians, and Copts, the sacrament in one kind only was administered with a small gold or silver spoon, into which a few drops of the consecrated wine were poured. In the Middle Ages spoons were frequently ornament with figu= res, some carved in ivory or wood, and others of metal. APOSTLE SPOONS had fig= ures of the Apostles on the handles. (See LABIS and COCHLEAR.)

Fig. 623. Carved ivory Spoon with figure of "January."

Fig. 624. Folding Spoon of carved box‑wood.= (1883m1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &nbs= p;

$H Sporta.

R. A broad plaited b= asket made of wood and usually furnished with two handles. Diminutives of this = term are sportell= a and sportula= .(1883m1)

$H Sports. Egypt

Representations of various games and pastimes occur on the tomb walls. Hunting and fishing were favourite pursuits. Gazelles and antelopes, even lions were hunted in the desert with the aid of hounds. Lassoes and bow and arrows were used. Fishing as an amusement was practised with a line and hook, or the sports= man went into the marshes in a light skiff and speared the fish with a bident. Mock fights in small boats and war-dances w= ere indulged in. Bird-snaring was also a favourite pursuit. Many kinds of tra= ps and nets are depicted on the tomb-walls, several for catching one bird at= a time, and one very large one. This latter measured about 10 ft. by 5 ft.,= and was made of netted string on a frame; but the construction and method of working are difficult to understand. Wrestling, with closed or open hand,= was a military exercise for rendering the body supple. Scenes showing men thus engaged occur in long sequences in the tombs at Beni= Hasan. At large entertainments and feasts, of= which they seemed to be very fond, the guests were amused by dancing women and = music (see DANCE and MUSIC); also b= y men and women who performed acrobatic feats, or were skilful at throwing the ball. Tomb-pictures show women swinging one another round by the arms, bending back until the head nearly touches the heels, and so on. (See GAMES.)(1902b1)

$H Spot. Egypt

An uncertain Egyptian deity, who was represented as a king, wearing the solar disk only. (Wilkinson.) (1876c1)=

$H Springers.

Arch. The lowest sto= nes of an arch resting on a column, pilaster, or cluster of small colums.(1883m1)

$H Springing. Architecture

(Arch.) The springing of an arch or vault is the point f= rom which it rises.(1891a1)

$H Springing‑stone. Architecture

(Arch.) The stone which supports the haunch of an arch or vault is called the springingR= 09;stone, and the lowest line of the arch is similarly known as the springing‑= ;line. ILLUS. spri= ngst(1891a1)

$H Spurkalia. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

The annual festival of the Scandinavian goddess Spurke, which see. (1876c1)

$H Spurke. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the goddess of t= he month of February, in whose honour was held an annual festival called Spurkalia, analogous t= o the Februalia of the Romans. (1876c1)=

$H Spurn.

O.E. A piece of ston= e or wood protecting a corner house or gate‑post from wheels. One end is fixed in the ground, and the other attached at an angle to the post or wall.(1883m1)

$H Spur‑post. Architecture

(Arch.) A piece of twisted iron, set against the wall at the entrance of a porte‑cochère, at about the height of a step. = The purpose of it is to keep off the wheels of carriages from the corner, as = well as to protect the doors when they are open. ILLUS. spurpost= (1891a1)

$H Spurs.

Spurs with rowels ap= pear first in the 13th century; in early times and in antiquity they were mere= ly sharp goads fixed to the heel. In the middle of the 15th century spurs we= re of extravagant length. In Heraldry, the knightly spur had a single point, up to about 1320, and was known as the "= ;pryck‑spur;" the later form is called the "rouelle‑spur."(1883m1)<= /o:p>

$H Square.

(1.) A plane four‑sided figure, the four sides of which are equal, and all the angles of which are right angles. ILLUS. squar1

(2.) The square used in drawing is a thin plate of wood,= in the shape of a right‑angled triangle, pierced with a circular openi= ng or eye, so that it may slip easily on the paper. With the square and ruler perpendiculars may drawn, while parallelograms= may be traced with two squares. A square, such as the one represented in our = cut, is used by masons to test whether they have cut their blocks of stone eve= nly. ILLUS. squar2(1891a1)

--- $H Square, Double.

A square formed of two flat rul= es placed at right angles to one another.(1891a1)

--- $H Square, Graphometric.

A surveyor's square, which serves the double purpose of a square and graphometer. It consists of a cyli= nder, the lower portion of which is movable, and works on a screw. Slits made in the cylinder take the place of the pinnules o= f the graphometer, and allow the operator to look in all directions perpendicular to, or at an oblique angle to, any given line. <= /span>ILLUS. squar3gr(1891a1)

--- $H Square, Octagonal.

A surveyor's square in the form of an octagonal prism.(1= 891a1)

--- $H Square, of 45 degrees.=

A drawing square, having one right angle and two angles = of 45 degrees. it is often used with the T= ‑square and planchette,= and with its aid are traced architectural designs, the projections of mouldin= gs. &c., while in shaded drawings it is used to trace the direction of luminous rays, which, by a convention generally adopted in projections, a= re directed at an angle of 45 degrees from left to right. ILLUS. squar4of(1891a1)

--- $H Square, Set. <= /span>

A square in the form of a right‑angled triangle, resembling in form half the pediment of an ancient temple, and hence call= ed in French &e= acute;querre à fronton. ILLUS. squar5se(1891a1)

--- $H Square, Sliding.

A flat piece of metal, with divisions measured upon it, = to which two other pieces of metal are perpendicular. One of these two piece= s is fixed, the other can be moved to and fro, so a= s to measure the diameter of cylindrical bodies. ILLUS. squar6sl(1891a1)

--- $H Square, T. [See T‑sq= uare.] (1891a1)

--- $H Square, ‑touch. Painting

(Paint.) When a painter lays his colour on the canvas in square patches, he is said to employ a squareR= 09;touch. This point of style may be best observed in the works of the group of painters, who call themselves the Newlyn School.(1891a1)

$H Squaring.

An operation, the purpose of which is to enlarge a sketc= h, to execute a composition on a large scale after a given model. It will be readily seen that by the process of squaring a sketch may also be reduced= . The method is as follows: The model is divided up into a certain number of eq= ual squares, and the surface, upon which the model is to be reproduced, is al= so marked out in the same number of equal squares, less or greater than the squares on the model, according as it is the artist's purpose to reduce or enlarge the original sketch. Large mural paintings, as well as important easel pictures, are designed in this way. The advantage of the process is considerable, as the sketch, which enables the artist to see the general effect of his work, can be accurately reproduced. In the squaring, which = is a tedious job, and must be carried out with the most scrupulous exactitude, painters are often assisted by their pupils, deeming it enough if they themselves correct errors of transcription. ILLUS. squaring(1891a1)

$H Squinch.

Arch. Small arches b= uilt across angles of towers to support projecting masonry above.(1883m1)=

(Arch.) A truncated vault of considerable projection. A number of stones arranged so as to form a shell. In outline it may either= be a quarter round or the arc of a circle. In the= 17th and 18th century overhanging squinches were a favourite architectural decoration. Many large doorways and corners of pu= blic buildings present examples of squinches decor= ated with rustic‑work and sculptured ornaments. In classical architecture the term squinch is applied to the spherical triangles formed in a hemispherical vault by the penetration of two demi‑cylindrical barrel vaults, and also to t= he curved triangular surfaces obtained by the intersection of vaults of different form. Other architectural combinations of a similar kind, but n= ot identical, give rise to squinches of various polygonal forms. 3 ILLUS. squin= ch1, squinch2, squinch3(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &nbs= p; &nbs= p; &nbs= p;

$H Ssa.

The modern name of the city and nome in Lower Egypt which was called by the Egyptians Sai-res. (1= 876c1)