$H Stadium.
|
In ancient times this term was applied to a course laid =
out
for foot‑racing. The name was de=
rived
from the celebrated course at |
|
Gr. (FJV*4@<[=3Dstadion]). The =
course for
the foot‑race at |
$H Stag.
|
(cervus). Representations of the stag occur in many Chris=
tian
bas‑reliefs and paintings. It is the emblem of many dissimilar moral
ideas, but more especially of a longing desire for baptism, from an
application of the text in the 42nd Psalm, "Like as the hart,"
&c. (See HART.)(1883m1) |
$H
Stage. Architecture
|
(Arch.) That part of a theatre which is set apart for the
actors who perform in view of the public.(1891a1) |
$H Stage‑box. Architecture
|
(Arch.) A term applied to the boxes in a theatre which a=
re
situated on each side of the stage between the curtain and the orchestra.
Stage‑boxes generally give the theatrical architect an opportunity =
for
decoration, and they are frequently enriched with caryatides and sculptur=
ed
ornament. ILLUS. stagebox(1891a1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image047.gif")
$H
Stag's head. Heraldry
|
(Her.) A stag's head attired
with antlers and tyres so=
metimes
appears as a common charge in heraldry. When placed =
affronté, which is the usual position, i=
t is
said to be c=
abossed, and the antlers are by heralds
frequently attires.
|
![](3D"st_files/image048.gif")
$H Stained Glass.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> [See Glass Painting: Glass Window.]=
(1891a1)
$H
Staircase. Architecture
|
(Arch.) A series of steps, serving to connect the storey=
s of
a building which are on a different level. The staircases with which the
summit of the religious buildings of the Middle Ages was reached were oft=
en
in turrets pierced with openings to admit the light. Sometimes they were =
set
in the thickness of a wall. Many staircases in castles of the Renaissance
period are marvellous from the point of view both of art and construction=
. In
the 17th and 18th centuries staircases were built extraordinarily light a=
nd
strong. The staircases of many public buildings of the present day are no
less remarkable for their width and proportion than for the beauty and
richness of the materials employed in their construction.(1891a1) |
--- $H Staircase, Circular.=
|
A staircase with a circular string‑course. A stair=
case
the steps of which do not follow a straight line but a curve. Examples of=
the
latter are very frequent in staircases on the outside of a building, which
lead to a doorway at some height above the level of the ground.
|
![](3D"st_files/image049.gif")
![](3D"st_files/image050.gif")
![](3D"st_files/image051.gif")
--- $H Staircase, Spiral.
|
A staircase turning round a core, which is generally
cylindrical, or in the midst of which a vacant space is left. This form of
staircase is also termed a winding staircase or a he=
licoïdal
staircase, and it also resembles a vyse (q.v.=
). 2 ILLUS. stair2sa, stair2sb(1891a1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image052.gif")
![](3D"st_files/image053.gif")
$H Stair‑rail.
|
A balustrade of wood or iron, which is arranged along the
edge of a staircase, and serves as a support. ILLUS. stairrai(1891a1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image054.gif")
$H
Stake.
|
A piece of wood or iron driven into the earth. At the to=
p of
the stake, as employed by surveyors, a slit is generally made, in which a
piece of card of a bright colour is placed, so that it may be seen at a
distance. Small stakes are sometimes set on blocks of wood accurately
squared. Stakes are used by surveyors to fix points, to measure ground, as
well as in making plans and drawing foundations. In some cases, especiall=
y in
the cutting of new roads, stakes, consisting of long poles with a flag
attached to them, are set up on the top of houses to serve as guiding poi=
nts.
3 ILLUS. stake1, stake2
|
![](3D"st_files/image055.gif")
![](3D"st_files/image056.gif")
$H Stalactite.
|
Stalactite (Gr. FJV8"(:"[=3Dstalagma], an i=
cicle).
Spar, in the form of icicles hanging from the roof of a cavern.(1883m1) |
|
Stalactites. (Arch.) A kind of architectural decoration
consisting of projecting rustic‑work. It suggests the appearance of=
the
petrified concretions formed in caves and grottoes which are known by the
name of Stalactites. ILLUS. stalacti(1891a1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image057.gif")
$H Stalagmites.
|
Stalagmites are heap=
ed up
from their droppings on the floor, forming when they unite with the
Stalactites the so‑called Organ‑pipes.(1883m1) |
$H Stalagmium.
|
Gr. and R. (<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New =
Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f=
ont-family:
"WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>FJ"8V(:4@<[=3Dstalagmion]). A=
n ear‑ring
decorated with pearls, or small gold or silver drops, which bore more or =
less
resemblance to the shape of a drop of water (FJV8"(:"[=3Dstalagma]), whe=
nce its
name.(1883m1) |
$H Stall.
|
Stalls, Chr.
Seats in a chapel; made to be used in two ways: either with the flap of t=
he
seat let down called "sellette," wh=
ich
formed the regular seat, or with the flap raised, affording only a small
resting‑place called miserere. The elbows are often called "museaux" from their being in many cases orname=
nted
with the head of some animal. (See MISERERE.)(1883m1) |
|
Stall. A wooden seat with a high back. Rows of stalls are
placed round the choir in churches. In Christian bas=
ilicae
the stalls were of stone or marble. From the 13th to the 16th century sta=
lls
were generally of wood and decorated with a marvellous profusion of carvi=
ngs.
These carvings were frequently grotesque and free, not only in style but =
in
subject. There are few of the English cathedrals that do not display in t=
heir
stalls magnificent monuments of wood‑carving. ILLUS. stall(1891a1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image058.gif")
$H Stall‑plate.
|
Her. The plate beari=
ng the
arms of a knight, and placed in his stall in the chapel of his order.(188=
3m1) |
$H Stamen.
|
R. The spun thread a=
s it
comes off the spindle.(1883m1) |
$H Stamnos.
|
Gr. and R. A vessel =
in the
shape of a Panathenaean water‑jar or am=
phora,
but with a wider neck, and with two ears and no handle.(1883m1) |
|
A Greek vase with an ovoidal=
body,
with two handles attached to it above its shoulders, and closed by a slig=
htly
arched lid. It was used for holding liquids, and was frequently richly
decorated with paintings. ILLUS. stamnos(1891a1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image059.gif")
$H Stancheon or Stanchion. Architecture
|
Stanchion, Arch. The=
upright
iron bar between the mullions of a window.(1883m1) |
|
Stancheon. (Arch.) A stay, gener=
ally
of iron, and of great strength; especially the iron bar between the mulli=
ons
of a window.(1891a1) |
$H
Standard.
|
Standard. The ensign of war, a flag of a rich, heavy
material, which is displayed as a decoration.(1891a1) |
|
Standard or Banner, =
Chr. The symbol of victory over sin, death, and ido=
latry.
(See ENSIGNS, LABARUM, SIGNA, &c.) In heraldry, a long narrow flag
introduced in the 14th century. The ROYAL STANDARD bears the blazonry of =
the
Queen's arms. The UNION JACK was produced in the reign of James I., in 16=
06,
as the national flag of united |
$H Standing Stones.
|
Celtic monuments, al=
so
called megalithic, consisting=
of a
row of stones standing in a line. (See DOLMEN, MENHIR, MEGALITHIC,
&c.)(1883m1) |
$H Standish.
|
O.E. A case for pens=
and
ink; an inkstand.(1883m1) |
$H Stanniferous Wares.<=
/span> (See POTTERY.) (1883m1)
$H Stapes, Stapia.
|
Med. Lat. A stirrup.=
(1883m1) |
$H Star.
|
Stars, Chr.
Emblematic of the canopy of Heaven, are generally represented on the domed
ceilings of churches. These were usually forged in metal and fixed on to =
an
azure ground. They are attributes of the Virgin Mary as queen of heaven, =
and of
St. Dominic and other saints.(1883m1) |
|
Star. (Arch.) An architectural ornament, painted,
sculptured, or incised, consisting of painted rays which vary in number. =
In
Romanesque architecture fleurons (q.v.), to w=
hich
the star is applied, are arranged on surfaces in various geometrical
patterns, or are set side by side so as to form a continuous system of
ornament. ILLUS. star(1891a1)
|
|
Stars, Her. (See ESTOILE, MULLET.) Fig. 626. Heraldic Stars. Mullet. Estoile.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image060.gif")
![](3D"st_files/image061.gif")
--- $H St=
ar of India .
|
An order of knightho=
od
instituted by Queen
|
![](3D"st_files/image062.gif")
![](3D"st_files/image063.gif")
--- $H Stars, Star‑moulding. = ;
|
Stars, Star‑moulding, Arch. An ornament of the Romano‑Byzantine period, in the shape =
of a
star with four rays only. (Fig. 627.) It is met with as a decoration in
various mouldings. Fig. 627. S=
tar‑moulding.(18=
83m1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image064.gif")
$H
Starling. Architecture
|
(Arch.) An angular projection on the piles of a stone
bridge, so situated as to divide the current of water, and in winter time=
to
break blocks of ice. 2 ILLUS. starling1, starling2(1891a1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image065.gif")
![](3D"st_files/image066.gif")
$H Stasanor.
|
A prince of Soli. He
followed Alexander the Great into |
$H Stasiagoras.
|
A king either of Kiti=
on
or Idalion, in the |
$H Stasias.
|
A king of Soli=
, in
the |
$H Stasicrates.
|
The king of Soli,
and son of Stasias. He was probably the same =
as Pasicrates, king of Soli, who
took part in the festivities of Alexander the Great after his return from=
|
$H Stasioikos. Cyprus
|
A king of the town of |
$H
State. Engraving
|
(Engrav.) The condition of an engraved or etched plate before it is entirely finished. = In the case of some engravings we have proofs of the first state, the second state, the third state and so on as the plate nears completion. When the state is completely finished and ready to be printed from it is said to b= e in its final state.(1891a1) |
$H Statera.
|
R. A steelyard or Ro=
man
balance, of much later invention than the scales called libra. It consisted (Fig.=
628)
of a rod or yard (scapa),
divided by equidistant points (puncta), and was suspended by means of a handle (ansa)
consisting of a hook or chain. The weight (aequipondium) forms a
counterpoise to any object suspended from one of the hooks or the scale (=
lancula=
). (Fig.
418.) The term is sometimes looked upon as a synonym of LIBRA (q.v.). It
denotes besides (1) a wooden bar or yoke placed across the withers of a p=
air
of horses harnessed to a BIJUGUS (q.v.); (2) a plate or dish, probably of
circular form. Fig. 628. Statera=
.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image067.gif")
![](3D"st_files/image068.gif")
$H
Station Point.
|
The point from which a building or any object should be
looked at, so that the whole can be seen by the spectator at one
glance.(1891a1) |
$H
Stations.
|
The term station is applied to the various stages of
Christ's Passion, representations of which are frequently hung in the nav=
e of
Catholic churches.(1891a1) |
$H
Statuary.
|
An artist who models statues or figures. In this sense t=
he
word is seldom used. It is more often employed to denote a collection of
statues, and we sometimes hear people speak of the "statuary
art."(1891a1) |
$H
Statue.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
A work of sculpture in the round representing the human
figure. A statue in marble, bronze, or wood. A colossal statue.(1891a1) |
--- $H Statue, Equestrian.<=
span
lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
|
A statue representing a person = mounted on horseback.(1891a1) |
--- $H Statue, Monumental.<=
span
lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
|
A term applied in the Middle Ages to statues representing
recumbent figures and covering a tomb, above which they are only raised by a slab, which is
often of inconsiderable thickness. ILLUS. statuemo(1891a1)
|
![](3D"st_files/image069.gif")
--- $H Statue, Persian.
|
A term which is sometimes, though rarely, applied to
architectural figures, which serve as caryatids.(1891a1) |
$H
Statuette.
|
Statuette. A statue, the dimensions of which are very mu=
ch
less than those of the human figure. A statuette half life‑size; a
statuette in bronze, or terra‑cotta.(1891a1) |
|
Statuettes. Small st=
atues in
bronze or porcelain for the decoration of rooms. For Porcelain Statuary, consult Jacquemart's=
History of the Ceramic Art.(1=
883m1) |
$H Stau. Egypt
|
A prince of |
$H Stauracin.
|
(Gr. FJ"LDÎH[=3Dstauros], a cro=
ss) was a
silken stuff figured with small plain crosses;
hence polyst=
auron,
having many crosses.(1883m1) |
$H Stay. Architecture
|
(Arch.) A piece of timber introduced into a building to =
form
a support.(1891a1) |