$H Stiacciato.
|
Ital. Sculpture in v=
ery low
relief, less than basso‑rel=
ievo.(1883m1) |
$H Stibadium.
|
Gr. and R. (<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"WP Greek Courier";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New =
Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-f=
ont-family:
"WP Greek Courier";mso-no-proof:no'>FJ4$V*4@<[=3Dstibadion]). A =
circular
dining‑couch generally made of wicker‑work. Another name for =
it
was SIGMA.(1883m1) |
$H Stibium. Egypt
|
A
cosmetic in frequent use for painting the eyes. The best kind is known in=
the
hieroglyphs under the name of meszemt. Besides being used for purposes of adornment,=
it
was probably used for the eyes in cases of ophthalmi=
a,
on account of its healing properties, that disease being frequent in anci=
ent
times.(1902b1) |
$H Sticciato. Sculpture
|
(Sculp.) An Italian term den=
oting
a work in relief, which hardly projects from the surface of the marble or
plaster upon which it is carved or modelled.(1891a1) |
$H Sticharium.
|
Chr. (FJ4PVD4@<[=3Dsticharion]). A=
white
tunic worn by the Greek bishops and deacons in certain ceremonies.(1883m1=
) |
$H Stigma and Stigmata.
|
Stigma, R. (=
FJ=
\(=
:"[=3Dstigma], lit. a mark by prick=
ing).
A mark, impression, or brand. Thieves were branded with the letter F, whi=
ch
stood for fur, thief. A stigma tattooed on the arm was t=
he
mark by which conscripts were declared capable military service, &c.,
hence ‑ Stigmata, Chr. The marks of =
the five
sacred wounds on the hands, feet, and side of Our Lord; said to have been
miraculously printed on the persons of saints.(1883m1) |
$H =
Stil
de grain or Stil‑de‑grain.
|
Stil&= #8209;de‑grain. (See PINKS.) (1883m1) |
|
Stil de grain. (Paint.) A term applied to certain gree=
nish‑yellow
pigments obtained like lakes by precipitating the decoction of buckthorn
berries or French berries.(1891a1) |
$H Still Life.
|
Still Life. Inanimate
objects.(1883m1) |
|
Still life. (Paint.) A term which includes all pictures
having for their subjects fruit, flowers, vases, and other inanimate obje=
cts
which generally form the accessories and not the main interest of a pictu=
re.
The Dutch have chiefly excelled in the painting of still life. A pic=
ture
of an inanimate object is itself called a still
life.(1891a1) |
$H Stilted Arch.
|
One having the capit=
al or
impost mouldings of the jambs below the level=
of
the springing of the curve, the moulding of t=
he
arch being continued vertically down to the impost m=
ouldings.(1883m1) |
$H Stilus.
|
Stilus. A pointed instrument with which the ancients tra=
ced
letters upon a tablet covered with wax.(1891a1) |
|
Stilus, Stylus, R. A style, or instrument of bone, iv=
ory,
iron, bronze, or silver, about five inches long, having one end pointed, =
and
the other flattened like a spatula; the latter served either to spread the
wax on the writing‑tablet, or to erase by smoothing down what had b=
een
written upon it; the other and pointed end served for writing upon the wa=
x‑covered
tablet. The term also denoted (1) the needle or index of a sun‑dial;
(2) a bronze needle; (3) a probe employed for garden purposes. (4) A sharp
stake in a pitfall. It was also called graphium.(1883m1) |
$H Stimulus.
|
R. (FJ\.T[=3Dstizo], to pric=
k). A goad
for driving cattle.(1883m1) |
$H Stipple. <= /h1>
|
Etched imitations of=
chalk
drawings of the human figure, called engravings
in stipple, have a very soft effect, but are inferior to engraving. In
this variety the whole subject is executed in dots without strokes on the=
etching‑ground,
and these dots are bitten in with aquafortis.=
The
dots may be harmonized with a little hammer, in which case the work is ca=
lled
opus mallei<=
/span>.
In the method known as mezzotinto,
a dark barb or ground is rais=
ed
uniformly by means of a toothed tool; and the design being traced, the li=
ght
parts are scraped off from the plate by fitting instruments, according to=
the
effect required. (See ENGRAVING.)(1883m1) |
$H Stippled.
|
A painting, drawing or engraving is said to be stippled =
when
it is executed by means of a series of points and not by flat tints or
hatchings.(1891a1) |
$H Stips.
|
R. A small bronze co=
in,
equal to the twelfth part of an a=
s,
or about a quarter of a farthing; it bore on the reverse the prow of a
vessel.(1883m1) |
$H Stocheion.
|
Gr. A form of sun‑dial. =
(See
HOROLOGIUM.)(1883m1) |
$H
Stockade.
|
(Arch.) A barrier formed of stakes, the purpose of which=
is
to strengthen the base of the piles of a bridge or to defend the entrance=
of
a harbour, river or canal.(1891a1) |
$H Stockings.
|
Stockings were intro=
duced
into England with knitting in 1501, when Queen Elizabeth was presented wi=
th a
pair of black knit silk stockings by her tirewoman,
and immediately discontinued the cloth hose she had previously worn. The
Scotch claim the invention of knitting, and a French company of stocking&=
#8209;knitters
established at |
$H Stola. Costume
|
Stola. (Cost.) A garment worn by Roman women. It was lo=
ng
and reached to the feet, being girt round the waist by a girdle. It had
sleeves and was sometimes fastened at the shoulder by a brooch. It was as
characteristic of the Roman matron as was the toga of the Roman citizen. ILLUS. stola
|
|
Stola, R. (FJ@8¬[=3Dstole], lit. an equipment). The robe worn b=
y Roman
matrons; it consisted of a wide tunic with long sleeves. It came down to =
the
ankles or feet, and was confined at the waist by a girdle, leaving broad
loose folds over the breast. The pallium was =
worn
over the sto=
la.
It was the distinguishing dress of the Roman matron, and the meretrices or
divorced women were forbidden to wear it. The stola was also worn by a
certain class of priests. (See PALLIUM, TOGA.) (See Fig. 632.) Fig. 632. Stola. Costume of a
Roman Matron.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"sti_files/image029.gif")
![](3D"sti_files/image030.gif")
$H Stole.
|
Chr. This term, a synonym of =
orarium, denoted, with the
early Christians, according to Fleury, a piec=
e of
fine linen which was worn round the neck. It was used as a kind of pocket=
‑handkerchief,
long before the introduction of Christianity, by the Romans, who named it
indifferently linteolum,
strophium,
and sudarium=
.
In the Christian Church it is represented by a narrow band of embroidered
stuff, and worn over the left shoulder by deacons; and across both should=
ers
by bishops and priests. It is sacred to the memory of the cloth with which
the Saviour is alleged to have wiped away the=
sweat
from His face as He passed to the Crucifixion. (See SUDARIUM, ORARIUM.) <=
/span>Fig. 633. Stole.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"sti_files/image031.gif")
$H
Stone. Architecture
|
(Arch.) A piece of siliceous or calcareous rock or quartz
used in building. Stones are sometimes put into walls in the rough state =
in
which they leave the quarry; sometimes they are carefully squared on all
their surfaces before being used.(1891a1) |
--- $H Stone, Druidic.
|
A Celtic monument, consisting of a stone, considerably
higher than its breadth, planted vertically in the earth. These stones are
called Peulvans or menhi=
rs,
and in Celtic remains are found variously combined. [Dolmen.] ILLUS. ston=
edru(1891a1)
|
![](3D"sti_files/image032.gif")
--- $H Stone, Engraved.
|
A precious stone engraved in ca= meo or intaglio, i.e., either in relief or incised.(1891a1) |
--- $H Stone, Gall.
|
(Paint.) Gall stone yields a tone approaching that of
natural earth of Sienna. It is used by painters of miniatures and fans, w=
ho,
by means of a solution of gall stone, render the vellum upon which they w=
ork
less rebellious to the tints applied to it.(1891a1) |
--- $H St= one Ochre.
|
A pigment. An earthy=
oxide
of iron. (See OCHRES.)(1883m1) |
--- $H Stone, Precious.
|
A hard stone employed in jewellery and works of art.(189=
1a1) |
--- $H Stone, Rocking.
|
A Celtic monument consisting of two blocks of stone plac=
ed
one upon another in a position of equilibrium, so that the very slightest
movement is enough to make the upper block oscillate. ILLUS. ston=
eroc(1891a1)
|
![](3D"sti_files/image033.gif")
--- $H Stone, Tomb.
|
A stone, generally incised, which covers a grave. It is =
placed
either on a level with the ground or set in a vertical wall. There are ma=
ny
tombstones of the Gothic period and the Renaissance, which represent hist=
oric
personages and are valuable documents in the history of costume. Some
tombstones, too, are very richly ornamented. The figures traced upon them,
though quite hastily drawn, are often remarkable for their grandeur and
vigour.(1891a1) |
--- $H Stone, Toothi=
ng.
|
A projecting stone left in the alternate courses of a wa=
ll,
so that if the wall is carried on in the same line the courses of the new
construction may be easily united with the old.(1891a1) |
$H
Stoneware or Stone‑ware.=
|
Stone‑ware. (See POTTERY.) (1883m1) |
|
Stoneware. A kind of pottery which is opaque, hard and
impermeable. Common stoneware is made of a paste which consists of clay, =
sand
and silicates. The paste of fine stoneware does not differ perceptibly fr=
om
the paste of fine faïence. The vases and statuettes of stoneware mad=
e by
the Chinese and Japanese are very much sought after by collectors. In
|
![](3D"sti_files/image034.gif")
![](3D"sti_files/image035.gif")
$H
Stool.
|
A support of considerable height, terminated by a circul=
ar
square platform, which may be moved up and down on a kind of pivot. A sto=
ol
of this sort is used by modellers in clay to place their clay upon, while
when the clay is to be translated into marble, it is the stool upon which=
the
block of marble is placed. The term also denotes a seat of wood, frequent=
ly
used in the Middle Ages. It had the form of a short bench without arms or
back. 2 ILLUS. stool=
1,
stool2(1891a1) |
![](3D"sti_files/image036.gif")
![](3D"sti_files/image037.gif")
$H Stopping out or Stopping‑out.
|
Stopping‑out. =
In
etching, arresting the action of the acid on the fainter lines of a plate=
, by
covering them over with a preparation called stopping ground, while the deeper and broader parts corrode. =
(See
ETCHING.)(1883m1) |
|
Stopping out. (Engrav.) When an etcher desires one portion of his plate to be more deeply bitten = than another, he removes the plate from the acid, after it has been for some t= ime exposed to its action. He then covers those portions of the plate which h= e deems sufficiently bitten, with lampblack, and replaces the plate in the bath. = This process is termed stopping out.(1891a1) |
$H
Story. Architecture
|
(Arch.) A term applied to the horizontal divisions made =
in a
building by means of planks.(1891a1) |
$H Stoup. Christianity
|
Holy Water Stone or Stoup. Chr. A stone receptacle p= laced at the entrance of a church for holding the holy water. Fig. 3= 87. Holy Water Stone (Renaissance).<= /span>(1883m1)
|
|
Stoup Chr.
A small niche with a basin, at the entrance of a church, placed there for=
the
holy water. O.E. A kind of tankard. (See Fig. 615.)(1883m1)
|
|
Stoup A vase or basin placed at the entrance of a church=
; a
small shell, which holds holy water. In the 9th and 10th centuries stoups
took the place of piscinae,
which had been placed in churches for the ablutions of the worshippers. In
the 12th century stoups took the form of simple octagonal vessels; in the
13th century they were set against the wall, and so gave an opportunity f=
or a
good deal of decoration. In the 14th and 15th centuries they were either
circular or polygonal, and were supported by a colon=
ette,
while during the Renaissance they consisted of a large basin, which had a
tapering baluster to support it. Finally there are some stoups in existen=
ce
in the shape of immense shells, which are made fast to a pillar or placed
upon pedestals of various forms. 3 ILLUS. stoup1, stoup2, stoup3(1891a1)
|
![](3D"sti_files/image038.gif")
![](3D"sti_files/image039.gif")
![](3D"sti_files/image040.gif")
![](3D"sti_files/image041.gif")
![](3D"sti_files/image042.gif")