$H Strabo. Egypt
|
The
famous Greek geographer of the first century B.C. In the year 24 B.C. he
visited |
$H Stragulatae.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
Striped or barred si=
lks;
13th century.(1883m1) |
$H Stragulum.
|
R. (sterno, to throw over). A
general term to denote any kind of covering used for bed‑clothing, =
or a
covering for men, horses, or beasts of burden, and thence a
caparison.(1883m1) |
$H
Strainer.
|
A kind of double frame of wood. Round its circumference =
run
grooves, in which the edges of a strip of damp paper may be fixed. As it
dries the paper stretches, and so gets a perfectly smooth surface. Strain=
ers
are used to stretch paper on which water‑colour drawings or sketches
are to be made. 2 ILLUS. strai=
ne1,
straine2(1891a1)
|
![](3D"str_files/image037.gif")
![](3D"str_files/image038.gif")
$H Strapassé.
|
A piece of French artistic slan= g, an epithet which may be applied to painted or sculptured figures the attitud= e of which is twisted or exaggerated.(1891a1) |
$H Strap‑work.
|
Arch. A form of
architectural ornament, by the tracery of a narrow band or fillet in
convolutions similar to those that a leather strap thrown down at hazard
would form. It is characteristic of the Renaissance period.(1883m1) |
|
A form of ornament, consisting of bands or fillets
interlaced and intertwined as in our cut. It is found in some buildings of
the 11th century, but it did not come into common use until the end of the
Renaissance period. ILLUS. strapwor(1891a1)
|
![](3D"str_files/image039.gif")
$H Strasburg Porcelain.
|
The manufacture of t=
his
ware, which was begun by Charles Hannong about
1721, became very celebrated for about sixty years. (Consult Jacquemart's History
of the Ceramic Art.) (Fig. 634.) Fig. 634. Strasburg Porcelain. Open‑work Basket.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"str_files/image040.gif")
$H Strasburg Turpentine.
|
A varnish made of th=
e resin
from the silver fir (pinus picea),
diluted with naphtha, drying linseed, or nut oil.(1883m1) |
$H
Strawberry Leaf.
|
A leaf somewhat resembling the trefoil, which occurs in
heraldry on the coronets of dukes, earls, &c.; it is also used as an
architectural ornament in buildings of the Gothic style. ILLUS. stra=
wber(1891a1)
|
![](3D"str_files/image041.gif")
$H Stream, The Great. Egypt
|
Understood
by Renouf to mean the Milky Way; here, accord=
ing to
the "Book of the Dead," purification was obtained.(1902b1) |
$H Strena.
|
R. A new year's gift=
or
present made on the calends of January.(1883m1) |
$H Stretch.
|
To stretch an engraving or drawing is to stick it down f=
ast
with gum to a white or tinted mount, the purpose of which is to increase =
its
effect. The term is more strictly applied to the process of mounting an
engraving or drawing by stretching it on a frame. Neither method of
stretching is to be recommended as each is very likely to destroy the val=
ue
and beauty of drawing or engraving.(1891a1) |
$H
Stretcher.
|
(1.) (Arch.) A stone or brick s= o placed in a wall that only its narrow side is apparent, its longer sides being l= ost in the thickness of the wall. (2.) (Paint.) A wooden square or
rectangle, upon which a painter's canvas is stretched and held fast by small nails. When the picture is
framed, the thickness of the stretcher is concealed in the frame. In the =
kind
of stretcher represented in our first cut, which by the way is not used i=
n
|
![](3D"str_files/image042.gif")
![](3D"str_files/image043.gif")
$H Stria and Striae.<=
/span> Architecture
|
Stria, R. The fluting of a column.(1883m1) |
|
Striae. (Arch.) A term applied to the narrow fillets whi=
ch
come between the flutings upon the shaft of a column.(1891a1) |
$H
Striated.
|
Fluted like a column=
.(1883m1) |
|
Any surface is said to be striated when it is covered wi=
th a
series of parallel fillets, either in straight or zigzag lines.(1891a1) |
$H Strigil or Strigilis.
|
Strigil. A bronze instrument, =
with
which the ancients scraped their limbs after bathing, and with which the
ancient athletes removed the oil after anointing themselves.(1891a1) |
|
Strigilis, R. (stringo, to scrape). A bronze scraper for the skin, cu=
rved
and hollowed like a spoon, used in the bath. The same term is used in arc=
hitecture
for a fluting which resembles the bath‑strigil=
in form.(1883m1) |
$H String. Architecture
|
(Arch.) A slightly projecting moulding, which runs round=
a
room on the façade of a building. A horizontal band, marking on the
outside of a building the divisions between the stories. ILLUS. string(1891a1)
|
![](3D"str_files/image044.gif")
$H
String‑boards.
|
The point of support of a staircase on the side farthest
from the wall. String‑boards may be of wood or stone, they may be
grooved or twisted, plain or decorated with mouldings, and they generally
spring from the first steps. 2 ILLUS. stringb1, stringb2(1891a1)
|
![](3D"str_files/image045.gif")
![](3D"str_files/image046.gif")
$H String‑course. Architecture
|
Arch. A narrow moulding projecting from the wall of a building in a
horizontal line.(1883m1) |
|
(Arch.) A narrow moulding, whic= h runs horizontally along the wall. It projects but little from the surface.(189= 1a1) |
$H Strip. Architecture
|
(Arch.) A small piece of timber strengthening a rafter or
ridge or supporting a beam of wide bearing. Strips are nothing more than a
kind of strut beam (q.v.). ILLUS. strip(1891a1)
|
![](3D"str_files/image047.gif")
$H Stroma.
|
Gr. (FJDä:"[=3Dstroma]). A Gre=
ek term
synonymous with the Latin STRAGULUM.(1883m1) |
$H Strontian Yellow.
|
A pale canary‑=
coloured pigment.(1883m1) |
$H Strophe.
|
(FJDXNT[=3Dstrepho], to tu=
rn). In
Greek poetry, the first division of a choral ode, of which the other parts
were the antistrophe and the =
epode.(1883m1) |
$H Strophium.
|
R. (FJD`N4@<[=3Dstrophion], lit=
. a thing
twisted). (1) A long scarf whi= ch the Roman women rolled into a band, and fastened round the body and breast. <= o:p> (2) A girdle for the=
same
purpose, generally of leather. (3) The term likewise
denoted the cable of an anchor. (See ORARIUM.)(1883m1) |
$H Struchates.
|
The Greek form of the name of the Median c=
aste
Tchatrauvat, which see. (1876c1) |
$H Struck.
|
Any object which has received an impression from a die, =
such
as a coin or medal, is said to be struck.(1891a1) |
$H Structura.
|
R. (struo, to build up). A ge=
neral
term for any kind of masonry. (See OPUS.)(1883m1) |
$H
Structure.
|
The manner in which a building is constructed, also the
building itself. Metaphorically the term is used to denote the way in whi=
ch
the human figure, either in painting or sculpture, is rendered from the
anatomical point of view. The str=
ucture
of a figure may be said to be perfect or faulty, as the case may
be.(1891a1) |
$H Struppus or Strupus.
|
R. A rope or other f=
astening
by which the oar is attached to the thole ( |
$H Strut beam.
|
(Arch.) A piece of wood used to strengthen timber‑=
work,
by diminishing the bearing of a beam or upholding a wall which needs to be
consolidated. The strut beam is almost always placed obliquely, and is
sometimes held in its place by wedges driven in with a hammer.
|
![](3D"str_files/image048.gif")
$H Stucco.
|
It. A fine plaster, =
for
covering walls, prepared by various methods, as a mixture of gypsum and glue; or white marble,
pulverized with plaster of lime and mixed with water; the opus albarium
of the ancients.(1883m1) |
|
(Arch.) A coating with which walls are covered, and which
takes the polish of marble. Stucco consists of a mixture of slaked lime a=
nd
pulverised marble or sometimes alabaster or plaster. But stucco formed of
this last mixture is less capable of resisting damp. The stucco with which
the outside of buildings is coated is sometimes composed of puzzolana and pieces of tiles reduced to powder. It=
is
the opus alb=
arium
of the Romans.(1891a1) |
$H Studied.
|
A painting or piece of sculpture is said to be studied when it displays profound
knowledge and research on the part of its author. Thus we say of a pictur=
e,
"The draperies are closely studied," or of a landscape that clo=
sely
"its foreground is well studied."(1891a1) |
$H
Studio.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
|
The place in which a painter or sculptor works. All stud=
ios
should face north, for then an artist can work as long as daylight lasts
without being inconvenienced by the rays of the sun; moreover, light comi=
ng
from this quarter is more equable and fresher than from any other.(1891a1=
) |
$H
Studio‑box. Painting
|
(Paint.) A table with drawers, the upper part of which f=
orms
a box, in which colours, brushes, &c., are kept. ILLUS. studiobo=
(1891a1)
|
![](3D"str_files/image049.gif")
$H
Study.
|
A sketch, the execution of which is precise and searched=
; a
drawing or painting from nature of the living model. It is from studies t=
hat
a painter builds up and composes his pictures.(1891a1) |
$H Stump.
|
Stump, for drawing i=
n pencil
or crayon. It is a thick roll of strong paper made into a kind of pencil,=
and
used for rubbing over lines to soften them down for ground tints, gradati=
on
of shading, &c.(1883m1) |
|
Stump. A piece of leather or paper rolled in a cylindric=
al
form, and bound round with thread. At each end it has a blunted point. The
stump is used for blending together the hatchings of a crayon drawing, and
also for laying the black or grey tones of the crayon directly on the pap=
er.
Its use cannot be recommended, as it gives a drawing a soft cottony
appearance. The disadvantages of the stump have recently been set forth in
the following terms: ‑ "The stump does not teach drawing, as it
cannot teach painting; in point of fact the use of the stump is likely to
injure the painter's art, as it may engage his sympathies for darkness ra=
ther
than light, for shadow more than for colour. Nor does the stump help draw=
ing,
because the use of it is antipathetic to a line. This feeble invention is
neither a severe enough instrument for the draughtsman, nor is it pliable
enough for the painter. It is a kind of middleman whom we with all our he=
arts
desire to be rid of." ILLUS. stump(1891a1)
|
![](3D"str_files/image050.gif")
$H
Stumped.=
|
A term applied to drawings shaded with the stump. The
laborious drawings from the antique produced in schools of art are genera=
lly stumped.(1891a1) |
$H
Style.
|
The word style denotes in artistic phraseology the manner
peculiar to an artist or epoch. For instance, the style of Raphael, the
Gothic style, the Italian style. The word is also used in connection with
works of a noble character, in which the figures are drawn or modelled in=
a
key of lofty sentiment. Thus we speak of a work of the grand style, of
figures which lack style.(1891a1) |
$H Stylites.
|
Chr. (FJL8\J0H[=3Dstulites]). &qu=
ot;Pillar
saints." Anchorites of the early Church who passed their lives on the
top of a column, in order to give themselves up to meditation. There were
some of them in |
$H Stylobate. Architecture
|
Arch. A pedestal sup=
porting
a row of columns; Figs. 635 to 637 represent three richly‑decorated=
stylobates found in the baths and other Roman ruins=
at Nismes. (See PEDESTAL, STEREOBATE.) Fig. 635. Stylobates. Fig. 6=
36. Stylobates. Fig. 637. Stylobat=
es.(1883m1)
|
|
(Arch.) A pedestal with moulding, base and cornice runni=
ng
round a building; a projecting sub‑basement decorated with moulding,
following the ressaults of a façade. T=
he
word is synonymous with plinth, at
least when the plinth is decorated with mouldings. Plain, undecorated sub=
‑basements
are called stereobates (q.v.). ILLUS. styl=
obat(1891a1)
|
![](3D"str_files/image051.gif")
![](3D"str_files/image052.gif")
![](3D"str_files/image053.gif")
![](3D"str_files/image054.gif")
$H Stylus.
|
Stylus, R. (Gr. (FJØ8@H[=3Dstulos]). A poi=
nted
instrument with which the Romans wrote on their waxed tablets. (See
STILUS.)(1883m1) |