$H W interchanges frequently with gu: ‑ as ward, guard; wicket,= guichet, &c.(1883m1)

$H Wâb. Egypt

wâb: 'pure one', a member of the lowest gr= ade of priesthood. (1894e1)

$H Wabu.

An Arabian usurper, whom the discontented chiefs of the Hedjaz placed on the throne in opposition to Vaiteh I.,= their king. He was defeated and carried captive to Assyr= ia by Esarhaddon, who confirmed Vaiteh on his throne. (1876c1)

$H Wadd.

One of the principal deities of the Himyar= ites of South-western Arabia. (1876c1)=

$H Wad-el-benat. Arabia

In prekoranic history the name of a custom among the ancient Arabs whereby they were allowed to bury alive such fema= le children as the parents were unwilling to maintain. (1876c1)

$H Wadgelmir. Scandinavia

In Scandinavian mythology one of the thirty-two (or thirty-seven) muddy streams of hell. (1876c1)

$H Wady-tumilat. Egypt

The modern name of the city and nome of Chun-abt in Lower Egypt It was the Hero-opolis of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Wafters. O.E. Blunted swords for exercise.(1883m1)

$H Wahaba-il-yahat.

An early Himyaritic monarch, whose date and place of government are not known. (1876c1)

$H Wain. O.E. A wagon.(1883m1)

$H Wainscot. Architecture

Wainscot, Arch. (fro= m the German Wand‑Schotten, w= all‑covering), wooden panelling used to line the inner walls.(1883m1)<= /p>

Wainscot. (Arch.) A plane or covered surface, covering a wall or partition, sometimes decorated with mouldings, sometimes not. It = is generally formed of panels, and though rarely found in modern buildings, = was a favourite form of decoration in old houses, and gave an opportunity for= a good deal of carved ornament. ILLUS. wainscot(1891a1)

$H Waist.

The central part of = the upper deck of a ship, between the fore and main masts.(1883m1)=

$H Wait.

An old English wind instrument resembling the SHAWM (q.v.). It was used by the watchmen or waights, to proclaim the time of night.(1883m1)

$H Waka‑tana.

The war canoe of New Zealand; some of these are fifty feet long, by four feet beam, with a high stern&#= 8209;post. This and the carved prow are both richly decorated with a profusion of feathers. (Simmonds.)(1883m1)=

$H Wakes.

(A.S. waecan). Originally vigils or eves of Saints' days. The late‑wake of the Highlande= rs; the lyke‑wake of the ea= rly English, and the wake of the = Irish are the remains of the ancient northern custom of watching the body of a deceased friend before burial. (Consult Brand's Popular Antiquities.)(1883m1)

$H Walaskialf. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the name of the = palace of Odin in the sacred city of Asgard= , which see. (1876c1)

$H Wales.

The strong side̴= 9;planks of the body of a ship, running fore and aft.(1883m1)

$H Walhalla. Scandinavia

In Scandinavian mythology the name of the great palace in the sacred city of Asgard, which was the home of heroes who had bravely died in battle. It had 541 gates, and was entirely built of gold to an altitude exceeding the powers= of sight (1876c1)

$H Wali. Scandinavia

Wali. Another form of the name of the Scandinavian deity Ali, which see. (1876c1)

$H Waling.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Architecture

(Arch.) A method of joining, in which the pieces of wood= are held together by an iron bolt. Pieces of wood thus joined are often halve= d. ILLUS. waling(1891a1)

$H Walking‑sticks.

(See BOURDON.) (See = also Fig. 91.) Fairholt (Costume in En= gland) gives the following quotation from an inventory of Greenwich Palace<= /st1:PlaceType>, temp. Henry VIII.<= /span>

"A cane, garnished with sylver and gilte, with astronomie upon it. A cane, garnished with golde, having a perfume in the toppe, under that a diall, with a pair of twitchers, and a pair of compasses of golde, and a foot rule of golde, a knife and a file the haft= of golde, with a whetstone tipped with golde."

Under Charles II. bu= nches of ribands on the tops of canes were fashionable.(1883m1)<= /p>

$H Walkures. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology certain deities = who selected the souls of the slain heroes in battle, and conducted them to t= he Walhalla of Asgard. They were the deities of fate, sometimes called Norne= s, which see. (1876c1)

$H Wallet.

The badge of the Gueux; two hands clasped through the handles of a beggar's wallet. (See GUEUX.)

Fig 696. Wallet ‑ Badge of the Gueux.(1883m1)

$H Walled, Muraillée. Her. Made to represent brick= or stonework.(1883m1)

$H Walling‑wax or Walling Wax. &= nbsp;

Walling Wax. The com= position with which etchers make a wall round the plate upon which they are proceeding to pour the acid. (See ENGRAVING.)(1883m1)

Walling‑wax. (Engrav.) Etchers sometimes instead of putting their plates in a bath, build up a wall of wax round the edge of = the plate itself. The wax is fixed in its place while still warm, and then le= ft to cool before the acid is poured in. By the spout, which, as our cut sho= ws, is left, the acid may be poured off when it is done with. 2 ILLUS. walling1, walling2(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &nbs= p;

$H Wall Painting.

Wall painting. [See Mural decoration.] (1891a1)

Wall Painting. The G= REEK temples were brilliantly decorated with painting and gilding internally. = The method has been investigated and is described to be the colouring of the = body of the wall of a pale yellow or golden colour, the triglyphs and mutules blue, the metopes and the tympanum red, and some other portions of the building green, and varying these tints or using them of greater or less intensity as the judgment of the artist dictated." (Hittorf, Essay on the Polychromy of Greek Architecture.) The colouring of the EGYPTIAN bas&= #8209;reliefs is familiar. The buildings of HERCULANEUM and POMPEII were de= corated with frescoes and mosaics, in the Augustan age of = Roman art. In the Middle Ages the custom was continued of decorating with colour the architecture of sacred edifices; and many old palaces and mansions in= England<= /st1:place> show relics of the practice of decorating the walls with tempera, especia= lly under Henry III. (See FRESCOES, STEREOCHROMY, WATERWORK, &c.)(1883m1)=

$H Wall, Partition.

A light wall, generally made of lath and plaster, which divides the interior of a building up into rooms or apartments. ILLUS. wallpart(1891a1)

$H Wall‑plates.

Wall‑plates, in building. Horizontal timbers, called plates, properly those at the top of a building under the roof.(1883m= 1)

$H Wall Tie.

(Arch.) A piece of iron generally in the form of an S, b= ut sometimes in the form of a scroll or cipher. It is set vertically against= the surface of a wall, and is united by a tie to the horizontal timbers. Its purpose is to counteract the thrust. ILLUS. walltie(1891a1)

$H Walnut.

Chr. In Christian iconography the walnut is the symbol of perfection. (See NUT.)(1883m1)

$H Walnut Oil. (See NUT OIL.) (1883m1)

$H Wambais.

(Saxon wambe, the belly). A stuffing of wool in the quilted tunic or GAMBESON. The best illustration is the conventional figure of Punch.(1883= m1)

$H Wampum.

North American India= n. Strings of shells worn as belts and used for money.(1883m1)

$H Wandu. Lithuania

Wandu. "Water." In Lithuanian mythology on= e of the two great giants by whom the world was all but destroyed. See Wejas. (1876c1)

$H Wanes. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology a group of deiti= es of the lowest rank, of whose special office little is known. (1876c1)

$H Wang. Chinese. Yellow. The sacred = colour.(1883m1)

$H Wapentake.

O.E. A hundred, or district. The term is derived from weapon‑taking (or counting).(1883m1)

$H Wapinshaw.

O.E. A review of wea= pons. "Et fiat visus armorum, quod dicitur Wapinschaw." (Scotch S= tatute.)(1883m1)

$H Wappenrock. Germ. A military cloak, with armorial charges. (See TABARD.)(1883m1)

$H Wara. Scandinavia<= /st1:place>

In Scandinavian mythology the goddess of social contracts. (1876c1)

$H Ward. Ward, of a cast= le. The BAILEY or courtyard. (See BALLIUM.)(1883m1)<= /h1>

$H Warka. Chaldaea

The modern name of the ruins of the ancient Chaldean city Erech, which see. (1876c1)

$H Warm. Painting

(Paint.) A colour is said to be warm when tones of red or yellow predominate in it and produce an effect of vigour and transparency. Blues and violets, on the other hand, are always very cold colours, though they afford an opportunity for delicacy and distinction of tone. Water= 209;colour drawings boldly coloured with burnt sienna or carmine are warm in tone. Generally speaking, a picture is said to be warm in tone when its scheme = of colour is vivid and brilliant.(1891a1)

$H Warnbrace. (See VAUNTBRACE.) (1883m1)

$H Warp.

Panels, tables, and furniture, made of wood, which is not absolutely dry, have a tendency to lose their shape or to warp, as it is called. The same happens to picture frames if they are of unseasoned wood.(1891a1)

$H Wash.

To wash is to spread flat tints of water‑colour or Indian ink evenly upon the surface of a piece of paper. Architectural and mechanical designs, for instance, are frequently washed drawings. In wash= ed drawings the object is to lay a uniform tint with perfect regularity upon= the paper, while in water‑colour, properly so‑called, and artistic drawing generally, the tints are laid on freely without any attempt to at= tain perfect evenness. There are, however, in existence many washed drawings, which are the work of real artists, and as late as the last century some artists used washes to indicate their arrangement of light and shade. Nowadays washes are only used for plans and machine‑drawings. Even architectural façades are now often executed in water‑colour= .(1891a1)

$H Wasishka. Hindu

A Hindu deity who was invested by Brahma w= ith the power of creation. See An= giras. (1876c1)

$H Wassail or Wassel.

O.E. (Saxon waes hael, "to your health."). (1) A drinking‑bout generally. (2) A drink made of roasted apples.(1883m1)

$H Watchet.

O.E. Pale blue.

"The saphyre stone is of a watchet blue." (Barnfield's Affectionate Shepherd, 1594.)(1883m1)=

$H Watch tower. Architecture

(Arch.) A tower attached to the fortified castles of the Middle Ages, in which a man was placed to keep watch.(1891a1)<= /span>

$H Water. Water, of a diamond; its lustre.(1883m1)

$H Water‑colour or Water Colour. =

Water Colours. The p= rincipal are lemon yellow, gamboge, Indian yellow, yellow= ochre, chrome, vermilion, light red<= /i>, Indian red, rose madder, carmine<= /i>, purple madder, Vandyke brown, sepia<= /i>, brown pink, sap green, emerald gr= een, indigo, ultramarine, smalt, and cobalt.(1883m1)

Water‑colour. (Paint.) Water‑colour drawing = is, if we may believe some specialists, a modern invention. It can be proved indeed that the artists of the 18th century did not use water‑colou= rs except in the form of washes or flat tints. These washes were used to mass the shadows or planes already indicated by hatchings, which did not disappear when the washes were laid on, but on the contrary gained additional strength. Water‑colours, properly speaki= ng, are transparent, and in water‑colour drawing advantage is taken of = the surface of the paper. Gouache (q.v.), on the other hand, is a kind of opa= que water‑colour and was used in the 18th century. Indeed at a far earl= ier date than this miniatures and illuminations in manuscripts were executed = in gouache on parchment and their effect heightened by the use of gilding.(1891a1)

--- $H Wa= ter‑colour Painting. =

Water‑colour P= ainting was gradually raised from the hard dry style of the last century to its present brilliancy, by the efforts of Nicholson, Copley Fielding, Sandby, Varley, the great Turner, Pyne, Cattermole, Prout, &c., within the present century. The Water Colour Society's Exhibition was begun in 1805.= (Haydn's Dict. of Dates.)(1883m1)=

$H Waterfall.

Artificial waterfalls are (or were) a favourite device in the decoration of gardens. Sometimes they are so arranged as to fall over= a succession of steps, as shown in our first cut, or they fall from a considerable height in an unbroken stream, as in our second cut. 2 ILLUS. waterfa1, waterfa2= (1891a1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp;

$H Water‑gilding. Gilding with a thin coat of amalgam= .(1883m1)

$H Water‑mark.

Water‑mark, on= paper. A device resembling a transparency in the texture, which is printed during the process of manufacture, by means of wire or brass plates on the mould= of the paper machine.(1883m1)

Water‑mark. A mark, which is discernible on laid p= aper when it is held up to the light. Water‑marks generally represent so= me common object, such as a vas= e, crown, or shield; sometimes, however, they represent coats‑of‑= ;arms and heraldic beasts, or they bear the name of the maker, or the date of t= he manufacture of the paper inscribed upon them. The water‑mark on bank notes is often very complicated and consists of all sorts of combinations= , in order to render forgery impossible.(1891a1)

$H Water‑scape.

A fanciful term some= times used to distinguish a sea view from a landscape.(1883m1)

$H Water‑table.

Arch. A horizontal s= et‑off in a wall, sloped to throw off the wet.(1883m1)

$H Water‑work.

O.E. Wall painting in distemper.

"A pretty slight drollery, or the German hunting in waterwork, is worth a thousand of these bed‑hangings, a= nd these fly‑bitten tapestries." (Shakespeare.)(1883m1)

$H Watered (silk). <= /span>

Watered (silk) havin= g a shaded or diversified surface; produced by placing two pieces of silk lengthways between metallic rollers, where they are subjected to different degrees of pressure.(1883m1)

$H Wathil.

The son of Himyar, and king of Sabaea. He = was succeeded by Alamluk. (1876c1)

$H Watr. "Eminent."

An order of military nobility in the Sabae= an kingdom of Yemen in South-western Arabia. (1876c1)=

$H Watr-il-dharah.

An early Himyaritic sovereign ruling at Ha= ram. He was the son of Yadhar Malik. (1876c1)

$H Watteau Pictures.

Idyllic scenes of im= aginary Arcadian enjoyment, and a certain fanciful style of costume characteristi= c of Watteau's pictures, called in French "scènes de la vie galante."(1883m1)

$H Wattle.

An Australian name f= or various woods of the Acacia species.(1883m1)

$H Wattled. Her. Having a comb and gills= , as a cock.(1883m1)

$H Wave moulding.

(Arch.) An ornament consisting of a succession of curves= in the form of an S, each of the curves being terminated at one of its ends = by a volute, from which the next curve springs. This ornament may be designed = in several ways, and is capable of various combinations; some examples of it= are quite simple, others are profusely ornamented. 2 ILLUS. wavemou1, wavemou2(1891a1)

&nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p;

$H Wavy. Heraldry

(Her.) One of the partition lines in heraldry is from its form known as wavy, or undé. Like other partition lines it may be applied to any of the honourable ordinaries, the chief, p= ale, cross, &c. The cut shows a shield which would be blazoned argent, a bar wavy gules. ILLUS. wavy(1891a1)

$H Way. Engraving

Way. (Engrav.) The series of parallel paths hewn out by = the rocker (q.v.) on a mezzotint is technically termed a way.(1891a1)

$H Wayn‑cloutt. O.E. A w= aggon‑cloth.(1883m1)

$H Wax. Bleached bees'‑wax is the veh= icle in encaustic painting.(1883m1)

$H Wax‑painting. (See ENCAUSTIC PAINTING.) (1883m1)