$H Year. 1. Egypt ; 2. Assyria
|
Egyptian
Year: (a) The Civil or Vague year consi=
sted
of twelve months, each of thirty days, to which were added five intercala=
ry
days at the close. These months were divided into the three seasons of (b) The Sothic year of 365 1/4 da=
ys.
This period was calculated by the rising of Sothis
on the first day of the first month of Shat, when it coincided with the r=
ise
of the (c) The solar year, which was to all inten=
ts and
purposes the same as the Civil year. |
|
Year, Egyptian. The Egyptian year, like that of most of the ancient nations,=
was
a lunar one, with a movable New-year's day. The months were divided into
three decades, of which the first day was a festival in honour
of the dead. The civil year began in the month of Th=
oth.
See Appendix, Egyptian Calend=
ar, and Sothic Cycle, |
|
Year, Assyrian. The Assyrian year consiste=
d of
twelve lunar months, each month commencing on the evening when the new mo=
on
was first observed, or in case the moon was not observed the new month
started thirty days after the last month. The months were thus all either=
of
twenty-nine or thirty days, and these two numbers generally, but not alwa=
ys,
alternated. The year commenced at the vernal equinox, the new moon next
before the equinox marking the commencement of the new year, the equinox =
thus
falling some time during the first month Nisan. As twelve lunar months ma=
ke
about 354 days, or eleven days less than the solar year of 365 days,
therefore, in order to keep their year in its proper position in regard to
the seasons, the Assyrians adopted an occasional thirteenth month, to be
intercalated whenever the twelfth month ended more than thirty days before
the equinox. Since the Assyrians had official astronomers, who observed t=
he
heavens and regulated the calendar, they could not be far out in their
calculations, probably one or two days would be the limit of error. On the
average in the Assyrian calendar the year would begin about fourteen days
before the vernal equinox, and the night of the fifteenth day of the tent=
h month
would thus be about the longest night. Among the Assyrians the first
twenty-eight days of every month were divided into four weeks of seven da=
ys
each, the seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-eighth days
respectively, being Sabbaths, and there was a general prohibition of work=
on
those days. Besides the ordinary Ve-adar, or
intercalary thirteenth month, the Assyrians had two other intercalary mon=
ths,
one a second Nisan, and the other a second Elul. When all three intercala=
ry
months were used the year would have fifteen months, and judging from the
fact that an intercalation of three months is required in every eight yea=
rs,
it appears probable that these two extra months were connected with a cyc=
le
of eight years, seven years in succession being normal, that is having tw=
elve
months each, while the eighth year had fifteen. Only in early Babylonian
dated tablets however has there been found any notice of this fifteen mon=
ths
year, and it may be doubted if it was ever used in |
$H Yearea-swamy.
|
A Badaga deity=
who
was originally a refractory chief in Coimbatoor.
(1876c1) |
$H Yedih.
|
A petty kingdom in Arabia which was render=
ed
tributary to |
$H Yellow.
|
Yellow is one of the three primary colours. The yellow
pigments, except the earths of Sienna, which are och=
res
or clays coloured with iron oxide, have all a base of lead and so easily
tarnish and turn black.(1891a1) |
|
Yellow. One of the t=
hree
primary colours; producing with green, blue; and with red, orange. The principal yellow
pigments are gamboge
(bluish), gold ochre (reddish=
), yellow ochre, Naples yellow, chrome
yellow, lemon yellow, Indian yellow, gall‑stone, Rom=
an
ochre, Mars yellow, terra di=
Siena,
Italian pink, cadmium yellow, &c.(1883m1) |
|
Yellow, in Christian=
art, or
gold, was the symbol of the sun; of the goodness of God, initiation or
marriage, faith or fruitfulness. In a bad sense yellow signifies inconsta=
ncy,
jealousy, deceit; in this sense it is given to the traitor Judas, who is
generally habited in dirty yellow.(1883m1) |
--- $H Ye= llow Arsenic. <= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> (See YELLOW ORP= IMENT.) (1883m1)
--- $H Yellow, Chrome.
|
Chrome yellow, as used in water‑colour drawing, is=
a
very brilliant colour, but somewhat dusty. There is also an
orange chrome, i.e., a
yellow chrome with a slight admixture of red. The chrome yellow used in o=
il‑painting
is nothing more or less than chromate of lead.(1891a1) |
--- $H Ye= llow Flag.
|
Denoting sickness on=
board
of a ship or quarantine.(1883m1) |
--- $H Yellow, Indian.
|
A colour, used in watercolour, of a very striking
tone.(1891a1) |
--- $H Yellow Lake.
|
A bright pigment, ve=
ry
susceptible to the action of light or metal. (See PINKS.)(1883m1) |
--- $H Ye= llow Metal.
|
A composition, two&#=
8209;thirds
copper and one‑third zinc.(1883m1) |
--- $H Yellow, Naples
|
A yellow pigment, with a slight tendency towards green,
which consists of massicot or oxide of
lead.(1891a1) |
--- $H Ye= llow Ochre.
|
An argillaceous eart=
h, coloured by admixture of iron. (See OCHRE.)(1883m1)=
|
--- $H Ye= llow Orpiment. =
|
(auripigmentum).
A bright and pure yellow pigment, but not durable, and dries very slowly;
called also Yellow Arsenic.(1=
883m1) |
--- $H Yellow, Turner.
|
A yellow pigment consisting of litharge and sea
salt.(1891a1) |
$H
Yellowish. Painting
|
(Paint.) A colour or tonality is said to be yellowish wh=
en
it approaches nearly to yellow.(1891a1) |
$H Yelruri.
|
A district of which S=
amas-upach-chir
was prefect under Sargon II. (1876c1) |
$H Yemen .
|
A province in |
$H
Yeoman of the Guard.
|
A beef‑eater; =
one of
the British sovereign's state body‑guard; below the gentleman‑at‑arms.
Instituted at the coronation of Henry VII. in 1485.(1883m1) |
$H Yerim.
|
The modern name of the site of the·
famous gardens of Irem in |
$H Yesht-sade.
|
A collection of fragments of Zoroastrian
literature. A kind of appendix to the Vendidad-sade<=
/span>,
which it resembles. (1876c1) |
$H Yew.
|
Taxus baccata. The word is largely used in cabinet‑mak=
ing.
The excellence of the wood for making bows led to the trees being planted=
in
churchyards, to preserve them.(1883m1) |
$H Yggdrasil.
|
In Scandinavian mythology the name of the
sacred ash tree, whose leaves canopied the heavens, whose stem went into =
Hel, while beneath its roots were three fountains, =
one of
them belonging to the giant Mimir, being that=
of
wisdom, while around and in the ocean beneath was coiled the serpent Midgard. (1876c1) |
$H Yima-khacta.
|
The real name of the Aryan mythical hero <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Djemshid, which see. (1876c1) |
$H Ymaigier. (See IMAGIER.)<=
/span> (1883m1)
$H Ymaigerie.
|
Ymaigerie,
Imagery. Med. (1) Illuminated bord=
ers on
missals and manuscripts executed by the miniaturists of the Middle Ages. =
(2) Bas‑relief=
s and
sculptures on wood and stone.(1883m1) |
$H Ymir. Scandinavia<=
/st1:place>
|
In Scandinavian mythology the great frost
giant, who was slain by Odin, Vili, and Ye, t=
he
three sons of Borr, the son of the first man.=
Out
of the body of Ymir the earth was constructed=
, and
in the blood which issued from his veins all of the r=
ace of
giants were drowned except one, Begelmir,
who escaped the sanguous deluge in a ship, and
together with his wife repeopled the earth.
(1876c1) |
$H Yoke.
|
A symbolical device assumed by Pope Leo X. in allusi= on to the text "My yoke is easy," expressed in the one word of the mo= tto "Suave." (See JUGUM= .) Fig. 702. Fig. 702. Yoke. Device of Pope Leo X.(1883m1)
|
![](3D"ye_files/image005.gif")
$H Yoni. Hindu
|
In Hindu mythology an oviform or boat-shap=
ed
emblem, the symbol of the receptive or maternal power of nature. See Lingam. (1876c1) |
$H York
|
Her. Was formed of a=
lternate
Suns and Roses.(1883m1) |
$H York
|
One of the six Heral=
ds of
the |
$H York
|
Her. The white rose of the family of
|
![](3D"ye_files/image006.gif")
$H Yorkshire Grit.
|
A stone used for pol=
ishing
marble and engravers' copper plates.(1883m1) |
$H Ypres Lace.
|
Ypres Lace is the fine= st and most costly kind of VALENCIENNES.(1883m1) |
$H Ysodha. Hindu
|
In Hindu mythology the mother of Khrishna, or the god Vishnu in a human form. See Vishnu and Khrishna. (1876c1) |
$H Yu.
|
Chinese. (1) A hard =
and
heavy stone, supposed to be a kind of agate which was used for the ancient
musical instrument KING, which was a kind of harmonicon made of slabs of
sonorous stone of different sizes. (2) An ancient name =
for a
curious wind instrument of high antiquity, which is still in use and is n=
ow
called cheng=
.
It consists of a number of tubes placed in a calabash, or bowl, and blown into through a long curved
tube.(1883m1) |
$H Yucatan
|
A |
$H Yufts.
|
A kind of |
$H Yugs or Jogues. [See Jogues - Editor]
$H Yule. O.E. Christmas =
time.
<= o:p>
$H Yutiya.
|
A district in |
$H Ywaite.
|
Another form of the Arabian royal name |
$H Yzeds.
|
The Persian name of the inferior deities w=
hich
were called by the Zends Yazatas,
which see. (1876c1) |
<= o:p>