$H Z =3D Z & S and Z & C frequen= tly interchange, especially in old words derived from the German, as zither, cither; zentner, centner, &c. The German Z is pronounced ts. (1883m1)=

$H Z.

An Assyrian river running into the Euphrat= es, having in the time of the early kings of Assyria many important towns upon its banks. Assurnazirpal excavated a canal from the city of Calah to its shores, a work which necessitated one of the first tunnels on record. (1876c1)

$H Zaan Egypt

Zaan (the modern San; Greek, Tanis; and Hebrew, Zoan) is a kind of island in the swamp of the Delta= on the branch of the river flowing into Lake Menzaleh, and is about twenty miles north of Tel-el-Kebir. The earliest local remains discovered are of the XII= th Dynasty; the few inscriptions bearing the name of Pe= pi-Meri-Ra being on blocks probably brought from Dendera= and used here for the second time. Statues of Amen-em-h&= acirc;ts and Usertsens have been found; the temple, wh= ich was later enlarged and beautified by Ramses II., was the work of these monarchs. Most of= the Hyksos antiquities which have been recovered came f= rom San. They are all either of black or dark-grey granite.=

A great feature of the temple precincts was a statue of Ramses II., which was between eighty and a hundred = feet high, and was probably a monolith. Only fragments remain. Shashanq, of the XXIInd Dynasty, probably destroyed muc= h of the work of Ramses, for his pylon is largely = built of the fragments. To this day, San has served as a quarry for the neighbo= urhood.

Pasebkhanu, of the XXIst Dynasty, built an enormous wall enclosing the temple. It was eighty feet thick. Portions, twenty-five fee= t in height, still remain.

Under the XXVIth Dynasty, when Saïs became the capital of the Delta, the temp= le fell into disrepair. But houses were built in the shelter of the great wa= ll during the XXIXth Dynasty, and Nectanebo II., of the XXXth Dynasty, sought its protect= ion against the Persians. Three sphinxes of this period have been discovered.=

Under the Ptolemies more houses were b= uilt. As the area became filled up from the crumbling of the rain-washed walls, houses were built on the top of the wall, where a surer foundation was obtained. In Roman times they were built in the centre of the enclosure, = the wall by that time being probably too far worn down to afford shelter, and= too crumbling to be a suitable foundation. San was first excavated by Mariette. See vols. ii. and v. of publications of Egypt Exploration Fund. Book of Numbers, xiii. 22.(190= 2b1)

$H Zab.

An Assyrian town which revolted to Assurdainpal, and was reconque= red by Samas-Rimmon or Samsi= -Vul IV. about B.C. 825. See also -(1876c1)

$H Zaba.

A city in Babylonia which was plundered by= Assurdan, king of Assyria, about the twelfth century B.C. (1876c1)

$H Zaba, Zava. An Arabic cuirass. (Meyrick.) (1883m1)

$H Zab-anu.

A king of the country of the Zuzarurai, who paid tribute to Samas-Rimmon or Samsi-Vul III. (1876c1)<= /p>

$H Zabaoth. (See SABAOTH.)<= /span> (1883m1)

$H Zabar.

The Assyrian name of copper or bronze. (1876c1)

$H Zab-danu.

The brother of Nabu-b= al-idinna, king of Babylon, who unsuccessfully sent him with an army of 3000 men to assist the revolt of King Sabadu of Suhi against the Assyrians, by whom he was defeated. (1876c1)

$H Zabel.

A king of the country of the Dimamai who paid tribute to Sa= mas-Rimmon III., king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Zabibe.

The queen of the Arabs. She was conquered = by and paid tribute to Tiglath Pileser II. (1876c1)

$H Zabnuti. Egypt

One of the twenty petty kingdoms of Egypt under the Assyrian Icosarchy. (1876c1)

$H ZABU. Chaldaea

An early Chaldean monarch ruling at Sippara, where he built tem= ples in honour of the goddess Anunit, and of Shamas, the sun, which temples were re= stored many centuries afterwards by Nab= onidus. (1876c1)

$H Zab-vul.

A chief of the district of Dagara in the South-east of Assyria. He revol= ted with some success against Assurnazirpal, king= of Assyria, who ultimately defeated his army and ann= exed his kingdom after some years resistance. The f= ate of Zabvul is not known. (1876c1)

$H Zacynthus.

The ancient name of the Island of Zante in the Grecian Archipelago. (1876c1)

$H Zadakiel.

In Cabalistic mythology the spirit of the planet Jupiter. (1876c1)

$H Zaddi.

A Chaldean city which is mentioned in the inscription of Samsi-Vul or Samas-Rimmon III., king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Zadkhiau. Egypt

An Egyptian chief, who unsuccessfully revo= lted against Piankhi-Meramen of the XXIInd dynasty. He was Lord of Khent-nofre. His name= is of Semitic origin, and is the same as the Zedekiah of Hebrew writers. (1876c= 1)

$H Zadkiel.

The governor of Tusha= n, in the reign of Assurdan III. He was eponym o= f the year B.C. 764, in which year there was "peace in the land." (1876c1)

$H Zafar.

Zafar. A famous capital city in Mahrah in South-west= ern Arabia. (1876c1)

Zafar. A town in Yemen, which was founded by Shemmir, king of Sabaea. This town is not to be confounded with that of Z= afar in Mahrah. (1876c1)

$H Zafferano. It. Saffron. A vegetable yellow pigment.(1883m1)

$H Zaffre.

(It. zaffiro). An ancient blue pigment, prepared from cobalt= , of a sapphire blue, resembling smalt.(= 1883m1)

$H Zagros.

A mountain district on the frontiers of Elam. It was subdued by Assurbanipal, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Zaidu.

Zaidu. "The Hunter." An early Chaldean kin= g. He was the son of Izdubar, and succeeded his father to the throne of Babylonia. See also Duzi and Tamzi. (187= 6c1)

$H Zak-dinu-isha.

Zak-dinu-isha. "Has not an Equal" The name= of the great palace of Sennacherib, on the river Tigris. (1876c1)

$H Zal. Egypt

Zal, or Zar. Capital of K= hent-abt, the fourteenth nome of Lower Egypt. Horus was the divinity re= vered here.(1902b1)

Zal. The Egyptian n= ame of the chief town of the fourteenth nome of Lower Egypt, or the Heliopolis of the Greeks. It was attacked by the Shashu,= who were repulsed and driven back into the desert by <= st2:Sn w:st=3D"on">Seti I. of the XIXth dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Zalisha-tar-bit.

An Elamite city which was destroyed by Sennacherib. (1876c1)

$H Zalmoxis.

According to Herodotus the great deity of = the Getae; the same god was sometimes called Gebeleïzis. The Getae are said to have offered human sacrifice to him every five years. (1876c1)

$H Zamama-zikur-idinna.=

An early king of Babylonia about B.C. 1200= , in whose time the country was invaded and plundered by = Assurdan, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Zamana. Babylonia

A Babylonian deity to whom Hammurabi, king of Babylonia, erected at the city of Kis, now = called Hymir, a Ziggurrat or tower, called "The Tower of the Coun= try."(1876c1)

$H Zamarilla. Sp. A lo= ose jacket of sheepskins.(1883m1)

$H Zanasarna.

The king of Pardukka<= /span>. He was attacked by, and rendered tribute to, Esarhad= don, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Zanu. Egypt

The Assyrian name of one of the twenty pet= ty kingdoms established in Egypt by Esarhaddon. (1876c1)

$H Zaphnath-paaneah. Egypt

An Egyptian title given to the patriarch Joseph by the Egyptian king under whom he was viceroy. The name has been interpreted Tsafento, "Sustainer of Many," Zepnat-Poenich, Joseph the Phenician," and "Revealer of Secrets.&quo= t; (1876c1)

$H Zapkiel.

In Cabalistic astronomy the angel of the planet Saturn. (1876c1)

$H Zar. Egypt [See Zal - Editor]

$H Zarathustra.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

Zarathustra. "Splendour of Gold." In Zendic mythology the almost mythical sage who was the author of the books of the Zend-avesta. His name was written by the Greeks Zoroaster. (1876c1)

$H Zaratu.

A city in Babylonia which was invaded and = conquered by Samsi-Vul or Samas-Ri= mmon III., king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Zarephath.

The Hebrew name of the city of Zariptu, which see. (1876c1)

$H Zarf. An oriental saucer for coffee‑= ;cups.(1883m1)

$H Zaric.

Zaric. "Poison." In Zendic mythology the s= ixth and last of the evil Darvands, which see. (1876c1)

$H Zarilab. Babylonia

A city in Babylonia= , where Hammurabi built a temple to the goddess= Nana. (1876c1)

$H Zariptu.

A Phenician ci= ty which was conquered by Sennacherib on his first invasion of Palestine. It was the Zarephath of Hebrew history. (1876c1)

$H Zarisu.

A king of the city of Khundurai, or Parsaniyai, who paid tribute to Samas-Rimmon III. or IV.= , king of Assyria. (1876c1)=

$H Zarvan-akar-ana.

Zarvan-akar-ana. "Time without Limits." According to the Parsees the name of a deity or abstract principle which existed even before the eternal birth of Ahuramazda and Agramainyas. (187= 6c1)

$H Zauca.

Zauca= , Zaucha, or Zauga. Gr. and R. A soft and fl= exible leather boot peculiar to Eastern nations; it was worn under the trousers.(1883m1)

$H Zaucha. [See Zauca - Editor]

$H Zauga. [See Zauca - Editor]

$H Zava, Zaba. An Arabic cuirass. (Meyrick.) (1883m1)

$H Zaza.

Zaza. Or= Zazai. The archon of the city of Arpad, and eponym of the year B.C. 692, in the reign of Sennacherib, king of Assyria. (1876c1)

$H Zazahan. Sp. A ki= nd of flowered silk.(1883m1)

$H Zazai. [See Zaza - Editor]

$H Zazaz.

The governor of Billa= ti. He was one of the chiefs who conspired with Saul-mug= ina against his brother, Assurbanipal. (1876c1)

$H Zebec.

A common form of sai= ling vessel in the Mediterranean, rigged wi= th a lateen sail.(1883m1)

$H Zebra Wood. The Hyawaballi of Guiana, a bea= utiful wood for furniture.(1883m1)

$H Zebu.

The humped species t= o which the sacred Brahmin bull belongs, represented in Hindu art.(1883m1)

$H Zedek.

A king of Ascalon. He was placed upon the throne by his suzerain, Sargon II., who deposed his predecessors Metinti and Yamin to make way for him. Revolting from his allegiance he was carried off cap= tive into Assyria by Sennacherib. (1876c1)<= o:p>

Zid-qa. Or Zedek. A king of Ascalon. He refused to submit to Sennacherib upon his invasion of Palestine, who defeated him, sending his wife, his sons, and daughters, into captivi= ty, and placing Sar-lu-dari, the son of Rukibti, on the throne, about B.C. 70= 3. (1876c1)

$H Zeet. Egypt

According to the Greek lists a king of Tanis. He has not yet been certainly identified, unless the name is another form= of the name of the Egyptian or Ethiopian monarch Zerah<= /span>, which see. (1876c1)

$H Zema. Gr. and R. (.X<= /span>:&q= uot;[=3Dzema]). A vessel of ear= thenware or metal, a saucepan.(1883m1)

$H Zemarites. Phoenicia

A Phenician pe= ople, whose town was on the Nahr el Kelb in Northern Syria. They did not, however, join the Phenician confederation against the Assyrians and Egyptians, but allied themselves = with the Arameans of the Orontes valley. (1876c1)

$H Zemzem.

The sacred well of = Mecca, which is said to have arisen f= rom the earth at the striking of the ground by the foot of the dying Ishmael. (1876c1)

$H Zemzemeeyeh.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Arabic. = A skin for carrying water in the desert.(1883m1)

$H Zendavesta or Zend= 209;Avesta.

Zenda= vesta. "Text and Comment." The name of all that remains of the lost Nackas= , or books of the Parsee or Zendic religion. See also Vidae-vaqata. (1876c1)

Zend&= #8209;Avesta. Per= s. "The Word of Life" or "Living Word." The sacred book of the Parsees; it consists of two parts, one= of which is written in Zend, the other in Pehloi and Parsee. The first part is called Vendi= dad‑Salé, and the second Boundehech.(1883m1)

$H Zenith.

The centre of the ar= ch of the sky overhead. (Cf. NADIR.)(1883m1)

$H Zephath.

Zephath. A town in Palestine, where Azech-amen the invader was defeated by King Asa. See Tsezphath. (1876c1)

$H Zephyr Yarn.

Zephyr Yarn is the d= yed worsted thread usually known as Berlin= wool.(1883m1)=

$H Zerti. Egypt

A term applied to Isis and Nephthys as protecto= rs of the dead.(1902b1)

$H Zerah.

According to some Egyptologists the name by which Azech-amen, king of Ethiopia, is mentioned in H= ebrew history. (1876c1)

$H Zerghul.

The modern name of the ancient Babylonian capital Zir-gulla. (1876c1)=

$H Zervan.

According to the Grecian mythologists one of the three sons of Xisuthrus. He made w= ar upon his brothers, Titan and Japhetos, in ord= er that his own children might reign over the world; but his sister Astlik made peace between them. He has been compare= d with the patriarch Shem of Hebrew history. (1876c1)

$H Zeser. Egypt

Third king of Dynasty III. Reigned seven (?) years. The titles of this king occ= ur in a rubric in the Turin Papyrus, and he is mentioned in a tale in the Westcar Papyrus. He is supposed to have built the S= tep Pyramid of Sakkâra.(1902b1)<= /span>

$H Zes-mehent-per-u. Egypt

An Egyptian lady, the mother of Rameses, the royal chancellor of Taharkah. (1876c1)

$H Zet. Egypt

The last king of the = XXIIIrd dynasty. At present his name is only found on the lists of Manetho. Se= e Zeet. (1876c1)

$H Zet-auf-ankh.= Egypt

The son of Hotep-ptha= h, and a priest of Apis in the XXIInd dynasty. (1876c1)

$H Zet-auf-pthah. Egypt

A priest of Apis, and the son of Hotep-pthah. Period uncertain. (1876c1)

$H Zet-aun-pthah-mer-atef-s. Egypt

A priest of Apis, in the time of Amasis II. (1876c1)

$H Zet-isi-auf-ankh. Egypt

A priest of Apis. He was the son of Pentkhi. His period is uncerta= in. (1876c1)

$H Zet-pthah-auf-ankh.<= /span> Egypt

A chorister in the = temple of Pthah in the XXVIth dynasty. He was the father of Psametik, a royal chancellor. (1876c1)

$H Zeus.

In Greek art Zeus is invariably represented as a bearded man of majestic mien. The gold and ivory statue = at Olympia showed = him seated on a throne, as became the king of gods and men. His attributes are the sceptre, thunderbolt and eagle. When he is not represented throned in kingly state, he is generally taking par= t in the war against the giants, or Athene is bein= g born from his head. He is frequently represented side by side with Hera, who is then veiled.(1891a1)

$H Zeus-atrotius. Phoenicia

According to a Greco-= Phenician writer a name given to the deity Dagon after his discovery of the plough. (1876c1)

$H Zeus-belus. Phoenicia

A late Phenician name of the deity Bel, as identified with the= Zeus of the Greeks. (1876c1)

$H Zeus-clarios.= Greece

In the district of = Arcadia a local name of the deity Zeu= s. (1876c1)

$H Zeus-ithomates. Greece

The name under which Zeus was the national deity of Messenia. (1876c1)

$H Zeus-lycaeos.=

In ancient Arcadia another local name of the dei= ty Zeus. (1876c1)

$H Zeuxite. A gem. (See TOURMA= LINE.) (1883m1)<= /span>

$H Zhafar.

The earliest capital of the Himyaritic kingdom of Saba, in Southwestern Arabia. (1876c1)